Browsing by Author "Inyang, U. A."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Assessment of in vitro gas and methane production of diet fortified with yeast and lactobacilli spp
(Science Domain, 2016-06) Ososanya, T. O.; Inyang, U. A.
The effect of dietary fortification of two levels of bakers yeast and yeast plus Lactobacilli against negative control and positive control (antibiotic) was assessed on in vitro gas production (IVGP) kinetics and methane production at 24 hours incubation. A concentrate diet was formulated and fortified with six levels consisting: control (D1); antibiotic (D2); 2.5 g bakers yeast (D3); 5.0 g bakers yeast (D4); 2.5 g yeast plus Lactobacilli (D5) and 5.0 g yeast plus Lactobacilli (D6) and mixed with Panicum maximum to serve as the substrate in a completely randomized design. The parameters tested were IVGP, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), methane gas, degradability, partitioning factor and microbial biomass. Higher (P0.05) IVGP volumes, in vitro organic matter degradability, metabolizable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were recorded for diets D3 to D6 and D1 over D2, whereas the difference amongst D3 to D6 and D1 was not significant (P>0.05). Highest IVGP was recorded for D6 (16.33 ml) and the lowest (4.33 ml) in D2. Gas production from the soluble fraction (a), rate of constant of gas production (c) and time (t) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) while the gas production from the insoluble fraction (b), potential extent of gas production (a + b) differed significantly (p < 0.05). For methane gas, D3 recorded the highest (5.00 ml / 200 mg DM) and D2 had the lowest (1.67 ml / 200 mg DM). All other fortifications were higher in methane gas than control. The present study demonstrated the potential of probiotics especially when mixed at 5 g level in improving degradation.
Evaluation of dietary supplementation of ammonium sulphate on in vitro gas production and rumen fermentation characteristics of WAD ewes
(Science Domain, 2016-06) Ososanya, T. O.; Shehu, S. A.; Inyang, U. A.
Ammonium sulphate, a chemical compound was utilized to evaluate its potential through in vitro gas production technique and rumen fermentation characteristics as a rumen stimulator and mitigates methane gas. Four experimental diets were formulated with ammonium sulphate (AS) included at varying levels: T1 (control/0% AS), T2 (control diet + 0.25% AS), T3 (control diet + 0.50% AS) and T4 (control diet + 0.75% AS). Rumen fluid was collected from the ewes, sixteen in number and weighing 24 kg averagely, using suction tube method to evaluate in vitro gas production, determine microbial population and rumen fermentation characteristics. Gas production was determined over a 96 hour period. Other data collected included organic matter digestibility (OMD%), short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA μml), Metabolisable Energy (ME MJ/KJ DM), Degradability (D%), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), rumen pH, temperature and ammonia nitrogen (AN). Results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) for in vitro gas production profiles (i.e. total gas, OMD, ME, SCFA). However, as inclusion increased it stimulated the parameters measured to be numerically higher than control. Methane gas was highest for control diet (4 ml/200 mg DM) while T2 recorded the least (2 ml/200 mg DM). Degradability increased as the inclusion level of AS increased. Control diet was the lowest (32%) while T4 had the highest (45%). The rumen fermentation characteristics showed significant (p<0.05) differences for all the parameters measured except rumen temperature. Animals on T4 diet recorded the highest (p<0.05) pH value (6.85) while those on T2 diet had the least (6.53). Animals on Control diet recorded the highest values (p<0.05) for AN and acetic acid (100.40 mg/l and 8.98 mol/100L) while the least values were observed in animals on T2 diet (AN) and those on T4 (acetic acid). Increase inclusion of AS caused a decrease in acetic acid. Rumen bacteria was highest (p<0.05) in animals on T4 (1.40 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3)) and lowest in those on T3 (0.65 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3)). For fungi and protozoa, animals on T4 and T2 diets were higher (p<0.05) respectively than those on Control diet (1.15 and 1.09 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3) compared to 1.10 and 0.85 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3) respectively). Supplementation of AS has been validated by this study, with a 0.75% inclusion level resulting in lowest methane gas, and higher ME, SCFA, pH, bacteria and fungi and may be recommended for ruminant feeding.
Growth performance and blood profile of gestating wad ewes fed dietary supplementation of ammonium sulphate
(The Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2016) Ososanya, T. O.; Inyang, U. A.; Shehu, S. A.
The concern raised as a result of antibiotic usage in the livestock industry has necessitated the need for alternative feed additives such as ammonium sulphate. Hence, sixteen West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes averaging 24 kg in weight and aged eighteen months were used to determine the growth performance and blood chemistry of ammonium sulphate supplemented diets. The animals were divided into four groups of experimented diets consisting: D1 (0 %) (Control diet), D2 (0.25 %), D3 (0.50 %) and D4 (0.75 %) of ammonium sulphate (AMS) inclusion levels and were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design. They were also synchronized with prostaglandin F(2α) and naturally mated with four (4) rams of proven fertility when they came on heat. Parameters determined were feed intake, dry matter intake (DMT), gestating weights and gains, and blood haematology and serum biochemistry such as white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HGB), albumin (A), globulin (G), total protein (TP), cholesterol (CHOP), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results showed that supplementing AMS in ewe diets generally enhanced (p < 0.05) final weight (Kg), gestational weight gain (Kg) and average daily weight gain (g). The values ranged from 32.00-45.25 Kg; 8.25 - 22.25 Kg; 207.79 - 267.86 g/d respectively. The feed conversion ratio improved with increasing levels of AMS with animats on D4 recording the least (0.20). Animals on Dl recorded the highest values for PCV, HGB, and RBC while those on D3 had the least. The values were 44.25 and 41.00 %; 14.68 and 13.40 g/dl; and 13.02 and 11.86 x 10(6)/mm(3) respectively. Animals on D4 recorded the highest values for WBC (5150.50 x 10(6)/mm(3) ). Serum biochemical responses of pregnant sheep indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) of AMS supplementation on TP, A/G ratio, ALP and creatinine values. Animals on Dl recorded the highest values for TP, A/G ratio; ALT, BUN and C white those on D2 were least except jar ALT where D3 was least in ALT. The values were 8.68 and 8.15 g/dl; 0.80 and 0.65; 289 and 235.50 I.U./L; 10.75 and 9.75 mg/dl; 1.48 and 1.08 mg/dl respectively. Animals on D2 recorded the highest values for G, ALP and CHOL (4.80 mg/dl; 25.25 1. U/L; and 63.00 mg/dl respectively). Inclusion of AMS improved conversion ratio thereby improving the performance of ewes and thus proved that it could be tolerated up to 0.75 % supplementation in diets for ewes.
Nutritive evaluation of differently processed mucuna seeds for ruminants
(Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, 2017) Ososanya, T. O.; Inyang, U. A.
Mucuna as a feed has great ability to serve as a source of energy and protein in dry season feeds due to the fact that it has high crude protein content comparable to other well known legumes. The study was designed to evaluate the nutritive compositions of Mucuna beans subjected to various treatments: roasting, boiling, autoclaving and raw. Thereafter, the proximate composition, invitro gas production and fermentative characteristics of the treated beans were undertaken. Result showed significant differences in the roasted beans for dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) values of 96.97 and 36.86 %, respectively. Other proximate parameters (crude fibre, ash and nitrogen free extract) were similar for all treated beans. In vitro gas production after 24 hours showed that autoclaved (32.75 mL), boiled (32.25 mL) and raw beans (29.75 mL) were similar (p>0.05) and more utilizable as ruminant feed compared to the roasted form. Roasted beans recorded the least (11. 00 mL) gas production. Roasting affected the fermentation characteristics significantly (p<0.05) by lowering its organic matter digestibility (OMD, 42.20 % DM), short chain fatty acids (SCFA, 0.31 mmol/L), metabolizable energy (ME, 5.71 MJ/Kg DM) and methane gas (MG, 7.75 mL/200 mg DM). Roasting perhaps affected the fibre structure thereby making it unavailable for microbes to act on as evident in results from in vitro gas production and fermentative characteristics. However, other treatments (excluding raw) posits a potentiality of Mucuna as a source of energy for ruminants' especially in dry season when there is scarcity of dietary energy sources.
Reduction offeacal shedding of parasites in West African dwarf bucks fed yeast and lactobacillus acidophilus
(The Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2017) Inyang, U. A.; Ososanya, T. O.
Ruminants serve as reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms and their faecal shedding forms the vehicle of entry into human food chain which in turn causes food borne diseases. Usually drugs and live vaccines are the main control measures; however, due to increasing concerns of resistance and residues in meal with prophylactic drug use and the high cost of vaccines, alternative control methods are needed. The aim of this study was to determine if administration of probiotics could influence the shedding of faecal pathogenic bacteria and parasites/helminthes from WAD goats. In a completely randomised design, thirty goats were allotted to six dietary treatments which were formulated using concentrate as: control (Dl); antibiotic (D2); 2.5g bakers yeast (D3); 5. 0g bakers yeast (D4); 2.5g yeast plus Lactobacilli (D5) and 5.0g yeast plus Lactobacilli (D6), where D5 and D6 were fortified with Lactobacillus acidophilus at 1.00x10(12)cfu/g each. Faecal samples (3g) were collected from bucks for faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT, %). Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA α(0.05). The results showed that the FECRT (%) for the pathogenic bacteria revealed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in load at two weeks by 99.99 % in D6 while the least was seen in D2 with 98.98 %. The salmonella as at day 14 recorded significant percentage reduction which was high in D5 (90%) and lowest in D6 (19.23 %). The parasitic shedding of coccidia at day 14 showed that the goats on D1 shed 400 egg per gram (epg) while those on D3 recorded 150 epg. The animals on D2, D4, D5 and D6 recorded no trace of coccidia eggs in their faeces while animals on D5 and D6 showed reductions of 5.60 and 50.00 % respectively in Ascaris. Tapeworm was identified only in faecal sample of D1. The result revealed that yeast combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus at 5g/day could serve as a potential alternative to anti-bacteria and anti-helminthes.