Browsing by Author "Kooffreh, M. E."

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Angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in the Efiks of Calabar
(Academic Journals, 2009) Kooffreh, M. E.; Anumudu, C. I.; Akpan, E. E.
Hypertension is a multifactoral disorder because of the interaction of risk genes and environmental factors. The angiotensin II is a well known vasoconstrictor that exerts most of its influence through the angiotensin Il type 1 receptor The A 1166C polymorphism is a single base substitution of adenine for cytosine at position 1166 in the 3' untranslated region of the gene. There are conflicting reports on the association of the Al166C polymorphism with cardiovascular diseases such as prevalent hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and pregnancy induced hypertension. These variations were attributed to ethnic differences in different populations. We investigated the association of the All66C polymorphism with hypertension in 100 individuals from the Efik tribe who were matched for gender and sample size. PCR-RFLP analysis was carried out to determine the allele frequency of the gene. The genotype frequencies were 48, 2 and 47, 3 for the AA, AC genotypes respectively in the patient and control groups. No individual with the CC genotype was observed in the study population. The frequency or the C allele was 0.03 and 0.02 in the control and the patient population. The genotype and allele frequency did not conform to the Hardy-Weinberg theory. Using regression analysis, age and diastolic were positive predictors for SBP, r=0.0.50; systolic was the only predictor for DBP in the patient group. Diastolic was the only predictor for SBP, r= 0.656 while age and systolic were positive predictors for DBP r= 0.718 in the control group. Gender, BMI, Al166C polymorphism and other independent varilables were not predictors for SBP and DBP in the population. P= 0.05, odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI (0.13 to 3.44). The Al166C polymorphism is not an independent risk factor for essential hypertension in the study population.
Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and the risk of hypertension among residents of two cities, South-South Nigeria
(Medknow Publications, 2014) Kooffreh, M. E.; Anumudu, C. I.; Kumar, P. L.
Background: Hypertension is a public health challenge due to its high prevalence, and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to determine the frequency of the I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and its association with hypertension in a sample population of Calabar and Uyo, South-South Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A population-based case control design consisting of total of 1224 participants, 612 each of patients and controls, were randomly recruited from hypertension clinics and the general population. The I/D polymorphism was investigated using polymerase chain reaction. Multiple regression and odds ratio (OR) was applied to test whether the ID genotypes were predictors of hypertension. Results: The I/D genotype frequencies were 73(12%), 262(43%) and 277(45%); 74(12%), 303(50%) and 235(38%) for the II, ID, DD genotype in patient and control groups, respectively. A higher frequency of the ID genotype was observed in controls of which 208(61%) were females. By multiple regression analysis, age was a predictor for SBP in patients, r = 0.596, and DBP in controls, r = 0.555. Gender, Body mass index, I/D genotypes were not significant predictors for hypertension but the I/D polymorpism was associated with an increased risk for hypertension with an OR of 1.15 95%CI (0.924-1.456). Conclusion: The I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was a risk factor for hypertension in the sample population of Calabar and Uyo. This research will form baseline information for subsequent molecular studies in this population.
Polymorphism of the atrial natriuretic peptide hormone and hypertension in residents of Calabar and Uyo, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2010) Kooffreh, M. E.; Anumudu, C. I.
The natriuretic peptide systems also affect blood pressure through its vasodilatory and natriuretic activities generating interest in its role in the development of hypertension. The polymorphisms of the ANP have been investigated in different populations but similar studies are not documented for Nigerian populations. The study investigate the association of -C664G allele of the ANP gene and hypertension in residents of Calabar and Uyo, Nigeria. The study involved 1308 participant of which 612 were patients and 696 were controls from the population. Allele specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion was used to genotype the population. The -C664G mutation was not observed in this population. This study adds to the data on the -C664G polymorphism and hypertension in human population.
A study of the M235T variant of the angiotensinogen gene and hypertension in a sample population of Calabar and Uyo, Nigeria
(Elsevier, 2013) Kooffreh, M. E.; Anumudu, C. I.; Akpan, E. E.; Ikpeme, E. V.; Kumar, P. L.
A common molecular variant of the angiotensinogen gene had been reported to predispose some ethnic groups to hypertension. This case-control study was designed to determine the frequency and association of the angiotensinogen M235T al1ele with hypertension in residents of Calabar and Uyo cities, south-south Nigeria. The study involved 1308 subjects, 612 patients and 696 controls. The M235T variant was investigated using an allele specific polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic digestion to determine al1ele frequencies. Hypertensinogenic factors such as dietary habits, physical activity, smoking and drinking habits were assessed using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data obtained. The M235T al1ele frequency was high (0.94 for hypertensives and 0.96 for controls) though it was not associated with hypertension status. The odds ratio for hypertension was 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.39-1.06) there were no significant differences between the genotype frequency of hypertensives and controls. By multiple regression, hypertension was observed to be associated with age and was a predictor for systolic blood pressure in both patient r2 = 0.359; p < 0.05 and control groups r2 = 0.26.