Browsing by Author "Lawal, T. O."

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Comparative study of methods of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in Ibadan
(Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Nigeria, 2011) Oluwasola, A. O.; Okolo, C. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Adeniyi, B.; Kehinde, A. O.; Akere, A.; Ola, S. O.; Lawal, T. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Odaibo, G.; Lawan, A. I.
Comparative study of methods of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Medknow, 2011) Oluwasola, A. O.; Okolo, C. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Adeniyi, B.; Kehinde, A. O.; Akere, A.; Ola, S. O.; Lawal, T. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Odaibo, G.; Lawan, A. I.
Background &Objective: Diagnostic tests currently in use for the detection of Helicobacter pylori have been classified into either non-invasive or invasive categories, with each having its merits and demerits, as well as superiority over the other depending on the clinical setting. This study compared the accuracy of the urea breath test, histology, serology and stool antigen assay using culture as the gold standard in the diagnosis in our clinical setting. Method: Blood, stool, fibre-optic endoscopic gastric biopsies and breath were tested in 52 consenting dyspeptic patients for the detection of H. pylori infection. Results: The Negative Predictive Values, Positive Predictive Values and the diagnostic accuracy obtained were 40%, 73.7%, 47.1%; 8.3% 80.6%, 62.5%; 12.5%, 94.1%, 68%; and 30%, 93.8%, 69% for Faecal antigen test, Serology, Histology and Urea breath test respectively. Conclusion: Our findings show that histology is reliable for definitive diagnosis of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients in our setting and where facilities are available; UBT can be used as a non-invasive method of assessment of eradication of infection.
In vitro anti-mycobacteria sensitivity and Kill-kinetics of allium ascalonicum L. (whole plant) on nontuberculous mycobacteria species
(2014-05) Igbokwe, C. O.; Lawal, T. O.; Adeniyi, B. A.
Allium ascalonicum L. (Shallot) was one of the herbs repeatedly identified from the result of our ethnobotanical survey for the treatment of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases. It has been reported to show inhibitory potentials against several pathogens. This plant is also known to form part of the diet of many people across the world. In the quest for a more active and body-friendly therapeutic agents, extracts of Allium ascalonicum (whole plant) were screened against four nontuberculous mycobacteria species namely, Mycobacterium fortuitum ATCC 684, Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 19420, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium phlei ATCC 19240. In vitro susceptibilities testing was done using agar diffusion method with the concentrations of extracts ranging between 25 to 200 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution methods while the kill or bactericidal kinetics was measured by viable counting technique. Methanolic extract demonstated significant inhibitory potentials against three of the organisms at the test concentrations with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 mg/mL, and 72-98 % kill of susceptible organisms in 24 hours. This significant activity may be due to the presence and right combination of the secondary metabolites in the plant such as alkaloids, flavonoids saponins, cardiac glycosides and essential oil, as revealed from our phytochemical screening. This study therefore confirms the scientific bases and justifies the use of Allium ascalonicum L. in traditional medicine practice in Nigeria and other parts of the world; and encourages its consumption as a natural prophylaxis against tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases.
In-Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to Extracts of Uvaria Afzelli Scott Elliot and Tetracera Alnifolia Willd
(2011-01) Lawal, T. O.; Adeniyi, B. A.; Wan, B.; Franzblau, S. G.; Mahady, G. B.
Tuberculosis is a global burden with one –third of the world’s population infected with the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and an annual 2 million deaths from the disease. This high incidence of infection and the increased rate of resistant strains of the organism (MDR- and XDR- TB) have called for an urgent need to develop new anti-tuberculosis drugs from plants. The crude extract of Uvaria afzelli Scott Elliot (Annonaceae) root bark, and leaves and root bark of Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) were investigated for anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity using the MABA assay method. Anti- Mtb activity was determined against Mtb H37RvATCC 27294 at concentrations of 100- 0.390μg/mL. The hexane and chloroform extracts of the root bark of Tetracera alnifolia and the chloroform extract of Uvaria afzelli had anti- Mtb activity with MIC <100 μg/mL. Phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites revealed the presence of tannins, triterpenoid saponins, cardiac glycoside and alkaloids. The anti- Mtb activity demonstrated by the crude extracts is attributed to the presence of tannins and other secondary metabolites which are known to have strong antimicrobial activity. The results therefore support the local use of Uvaria afzelli and Tetracera alnifolia in the treatment of cough associated with tuberculosis and other microbial infections of the respiratory tract and suggest that these plants may be of therapeutic importance in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspepsia patients in Ibadan, South West Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Adeniyi, B. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Lawal, T. O.; Oluwasola, A. O.; Odaibo, G. N.; Okolo, C.; Ola, S. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Akere, A.; Kehinde, A. O.
Helicobacter pylori infection is typically acquired shortly after birth in both low and high-income regions of the world and once the infection is established, it commonly persists lifelong unless treated. This infection has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and is probably the most important cause of relapse in those previously treated for peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; South West Nigeria. Fifty-two (52) patients who had symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited for the study and each of them went through endoscopy. Forty-three (43) (82.7%) of the patients were diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease while nine (9) (17.3%) patients were diagnosed normal. The presence of H. pylori was determined using culture and Urease Breath Test (UBT). The culture result showed that thirty-five (35) (81.4%) of the patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease had H. pylori infection also, eight (8) (88.9%) of the normal patients were culture positive for H. pylori. The UBT result showed that 65.1% of the diagnosed peptic ulcer patients were positive for H. pylori, also 55.6% of the normal patients were found UBT positive for H. pylori. In all, H. pylori infection is very common among dyspepsia patients and the organism is closely associated with the disease in South West Nigeria.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspepsia patients in Ibadan, South West Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Adeniyi, B. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Lawal, T. O.; Oluwasola, A. O.; Odaibo, G. N.; Okolo, C.; Ola, S. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Akere, A.; Kehinde, A. O.
Helicobacter pylori infection is typically acquired shortly after birth in both low and high-income regions of the world and once the infection is established, it commonly persists life long unless treated. This infection has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and is probably the most important cause of relapse in those previously treated for peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; South West Nigeria. Fifty-two (52) patients who had symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited for the study and each of them went through endoscopy. Forty-three (43) (82.7%) of the patients were diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease while nine (9) (17.3%) patients were diagnosed normal. The presence of H. pylori was determined using culture and Urease Breath Test (UBT). The culture result showed that thirty-five (35) (81.4%) of the patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease had H. pylori infection also, eight (8) (88.9%) of the normal patients were culture positive for H. pylori. The UBT result showed that 65.1% of the diagnosed peptic ulcer patients were positive for H. pylori, also 55.6% of the normal patients were found UBT positive for H. pylori. In all, H. pylori infection is very common among dyspepsia patients and the organism is closely associated with the disease in South West Nigeria.