Browsing by Author "Makanjuola, V. A."

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Modeling association between times to recurrence of the different polarities in bipolar disorder among service seekers in urban Nigeria: a survival analysis approach
(Dove Medical Press, 2017) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Makanjuola, V. A.
Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) remains both a clinical and public health challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. Many studies have focused on prevalence and recurrences among BD service seekers but little has been documented on the nature, strength, direction, existence, and estimation of association between times to recurrence of the two possible polarities or mood episodes in BD. In this study, we explored the association between durations before recurrence of depression and manic episodes among people seeking treatment for BD. Methods: This analytical study used retrospective data of 467 persons who sought treatment for BD at the psychiatric clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 2005 and 2014. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the data. We right-censored the data and obtained Kaplan–Meier estimates of the time to recurrence of the outcomes and transformed the estimates to standardized binormal data using quantile-quantile transformation. The likelihood was maximized to obtain the maximum likelihood estimate of the association parameter at 5% significance level. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) age of the respondents was 32.9±12.9 years, this was lower among service seekers who were initially diagnosed with mania than among those initially diagnosed with depression (31.3±11.6, 33.2±11.9, respectively). The median survival time to recurrence of mania and depression among the patients was 1,120 and 745 days, respectively, whereas association between times to recurrence of mania and depression was maximized at 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.62–0.71). Conclusion: There exists a strong and positive association between times to recurrence of depression and mania in BD. The longer the time to recurrence of mania, the longer the time to recurrence of depression and vice versa.
Optimal mental health for achieving health security in Nigeria: a strategic blueprint
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2019) Ojagbemi, A. A.; Abdulmalik, J. O.; Lasebikan, V. O.; Oladeji, B. D.; Makanjuola, V. A.; Esan, O. B.; Bella - Awusah, T. T.; Adeniyi, Y. P.; Gureje, O.; Omigbodun, O.O.
Objectives: Optimal mental health refers to ‘a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make contributions to his or her own community’. As such, the catchphrase ‘No health without mental health’ is not just a slogan but an acknowledgement of the importance of mental health in the drive to improve overall wellbeing and productive participation in community and economic activities. Methods: We combined an overview of current literature with opinions of key experts from different sub specialties of mental health practice and present an analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) to optimal mental health as a strategy to attaining health security in Nigeria by 2050. We also offered recommendations for feasible strategies to optimize mental health. Results: There is poor mental health coverage in Nigeria, with over 80% of persons coping with mental health problems remaining untreated in their lifetime. Also, only about 3% of the National health budget is allocated to mental health and this is mostly focused on large psychiatric institutions to the exclusion of primary health care (PHC) services. Conclusions: In recognition of the critical role of optimal mental health to global development, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has mental health firmly covered in its third goal, ‘Health and Well-being’. The SDGs further envision a better world in which, in tandem with the WHO definition of health, “physical, mental and social wellbeing are assured”. Thus, the identification and implementation of strategies to promote optimal mental health for all Nigerians is vital for ensuring health security and national development.
The gateway hypothesis of substance abuse: an examination of its applicability in Nigeria general population
(Informa Healthcare USA, Inc., 2010) Makanjuola, V. A.; Oladeji, B. D.; Gureje, O.
The study aims to estimate the prevalence and predictors of not following the gateway theory. Respondents were selected from a multistage stratified clustered sampling of households in five of Nigeria’s six geopolitical regions. Interviews were conducted between February 2002 and May 2003 using the CIDI-version.3 with a total sample size (N) of 2,143. Cumulative incidence proportions of not following a gateway pattern were estimated with SUDAAN. Predictors of this were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. The deviation from the normative sequence of drug use occurs albeit infrequently. The public health implications of this are discussed as well as the limitations of the findings.