Browsing by Author "Morakinyo, O. M."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Analysis of regional variations in influence of household and environmental characteristics on prevalence of diarrhoea among under-five children in Nigeria
(Nigeria Medical Association, 2017) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Morakinyo, O. M.; Abatta, E.
Background: Until now, factors influencing diarrhoea in children has been studied in Nigeria without full recourse to her wide geopolitical diversities. Aim: This study assessed the differentials in regional prevalence of diarrhoea and the role of household and environmental characteristics in the distribution and likelihood of diarrhoea among children under-five years within each geopolitical region in Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study among households with under-five children. We used the data from the 2012 Nigeria National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus II). We weighed the data and used descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-square (x2 ) and logistic regression to analyse data at 5% significance level. Results: Over a third, 38.0% (5062/13322) of households sourced drinking water from non-improved sources, highest in North East, 45.3% (1049/2315) and least in South West, 27.6% (521/1888) Over half, 52.7% (7021/13322) of toilets were non-improved, highest in North East, 68.6% (1588/2315) and least in South West, 35.7% (674/1888), most households practice open defecation. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 13.0% (1732/13322), 17.0% (294/1732) in North East and higher in other regions than 9.0% (156/1732) in the south west. The odds of diarrhoea was significantly higher among rural households in the South-South (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.1) but more prevalent in urban North East and South East. Also, the odds of having diarrhoea increased with wealth quintile to which household belongs was significant in all the regions except in the North East. Conclusions: The prevalence of diarrhoea varied widely across the regions. Also, the influence of household and environmental characteristics on the prevalence of diarrhoea differed across the geopolitical regions. This is an indication that policies on control of diarrhoea should be region-specific.
Decomposition of factors associated with housing material inequality in under-five deaths in low and middle-income countries
(BioMed Central, 2022) Morakinyo, O. M.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Adebowale, A. S.
Background: Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC) continue to record a high burden of under-five deaths (U5D). There is a gap in knowledge of the factors contributing to housing materials inequalities in U5D. This study examined the contributions of the individual- and neighbourhood-level factors to housing materials inequalities in influencing U5D in LMIC. Methods: We pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys for 56 LMIC conducted between 2010 and 2018. In all, we analysed the data of 798,796 children living in 59,791 neighbourhoods. The outcome variable was U5D among live births within 0 to 59 months of birth. The main determinate variable was housing material types, categorised as unimproved housing materials (UHM) and improved housing materials (IHM) while the individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors are the independent variables. Data were analysed using the Fairlie decomposition analysis at α = 0.05. Results: The overall U5D rate was 53 per 1000 children, 61 among children from houses built with UHM, and 41 among children from houses built with IHM (p < 0.001). This rate was higher among children from houses that were built with UHM in all countries except Malawi, Zambia, Lesotho, Gambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Indonesia, Maldives, Jordan, and Albania. None of these countries had significant pro-IHM inequality. The factors explaining housing inequalities in U5D include household wealth status, residence location, source of drinking water, media access, paternal employment, birth interval, and toilet type. Conclusions: There are variations in individual- and neighbourhood-level factors driving housing materials inequalities as it influences U5D in LMIC. Interventions focusing on reducing the burden of U5D in households built with UHM are urgently needed.
Factors contributing to household wealth inequality in under-five deaths in low[1]and middle-income countries: decomposition analysis
(BioMed Central, 2022) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Adeniji, F. I. P.; Morakinyo, O. M.
Background: The burden of under-5 deaths is disproportionately high among poor households relative to economically viable ones in developing countries. Despite this, the factors driving this inequality has not been well explored. This study decomposed the contributions of the factors associated with wealth inequalities in under-5 deaths in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We analysed data of 856,987 children from 66,495 neighbourhoods across 59 LMICs spanning recent Demographic and Health Surveys (2010-2018). Under-5 mortality was described as deaths among live births within 0 to 59 months of birth and it was treated as a dichotomous variable (dead or alive). The prevalence of under-five deaths was stratified using household wealth status. A Fairlie decomposition analysis was utilized to investigate the relative contribution of the factors associated with household wealth inequality in under-5 deaths at p<0.05. The WHO health equity assessment toolkit Plus was used to assess the diferences (D) ratios (R), population attributable risk (PAR), and population attributable fraction (PAF) in household wealth inequalities across the countries. Results: The proportion of children from poor households was 45%. The prevalence of under-5 deaths in all samples was 51 per 1000 children, with 60 per 1000 and 44 per 1000 among children from poor and non-poor households (p<0.001). The prevalence of under-5 deaths was higher among children from poor households than those from non-poor households in all countries except in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Zambia, Lesotho, Gambia and Sierra Leone, and in the Maldives. Thirty-four of the 59 countries showed significantly higher under-5 deaths in poor households than in non-poor households (pro-non-poor inequality) and no significant pro-poor inequality. Rural-urban contexts, maternal education, neighborhood socioeconomic status, sex of the child, toilet kinds, birth weight and preceding birth intervals, and sources of drinking water are the most significant drivers of pro-poor inequities in under-5 deaths in these countries. Conclusions: Individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors were associated with a high prevalence of under-5 deaths among poor households in LMICs. Interventions in countries should focus on reducing the gap between the poor and the rich as well as improve the education and livelihood of disadvantaged people.
Neonatal, infant and under-five mortalities in Nigeria: An examination of trends and drivers (2003-2013)
(Public Library of Science, 2017) Morakinyo, O. M.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.
Neonatal (NMR), infant (IMR) and under-five (U5M) mortality rates remain high in Nigeria. Evidence-based knowledge of trends and drivers of child mortality will aid proper interventions needed to combat the menace. Therefore, this study assessed the trends and drivers of NMR, IMR, and U5M over a decade in Nigeria. A nationally representative data from three consecutive Nigeria Demographic and Household Surveys (NDHS) was used. A total of 66,158 live births within the five years preceding the 2003 (6029), 2008 (28647) and 2013 (31482) NDHS were included in the analyses. NMR was computed using proportions while IMR and U5 were computed using life table techniques embedded in Stata version 12. Probit regression model and its associated marginal effects were used to identify the predisposing factors to NMR, IMR, and U5M. The NMR, IMR, and U5M per 1000 live births in 2003, 2008 and 2013 were 52, 41, 39; 100, 75, 69; and 201, 157, 128 respectively. The NMR, IMR, and U5M were consistently lower among children whose mothers were younger, living in rural areas and from richer households. Generally, the probability of neonate death in 2003, 2008 and 2013 were 0.049, 0.039 and 0.038 respectively, the probability of infant death was 0.093, 0.071 and 0.064 while the probability of under-five death was 0.140, 0.112 and 0.092 for the respective survey years. While adjusting for other variables, the likelihood of infant and under-five deaths was significantly reduced across the survey years. Maternal age, mothers’ education, place of residence, child’s sex, birth interval, weight at birth, skill of birth attendant, delivery by caesarean operation or not significantly influenced NMR, IMR, and U5M. The NMR, IMR, and U5M in Nigeria reduced over the studied period. Multi-sectoral interventions targeted towards the identified drivers should be instituted to improve child survival.
Sex inequality in under-five deaths and associated factors in low and middle-income countries: a Fairlie decomposition analysis
(BioMed Central, 2022) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Morakinyo, O. M.; Balogun, F. M.
Background: There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher prevalence among male children. Factors explaining this inequality remain unexplored in Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC). This study quantified the contributions of the individual- and neighborhood-level factors to sex inequalities in U5D in LMIC. Methods: Demographic and Health Survey datasets (2010-2018) of 856,987 under-five children nested in 66,495 neighborhoods across 59 LMIC were analyzed. The outcome variable was U5D. The main group variable was the sex of the child while individual-level and neighborhood-level factors were the explanatory variables. Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to quantify the contributions of explanatory factors to the male-female inequalities in U5D at p<0.05. Results: Overall weighted prevalence of U5D was 51/1000 children, 55 among males and 48 among females (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of U5D was recorded among male children in all countries except Liberia, Kyrgyz Republic, Bangladesh, Nepal, Armenia, Turkey and Papua New Guinea. Pro-female inequality was however not significant in any country. Of the 59 countries, 25 had statistically significant pro-male inequality. Different factors contributed to the sex inequality in U5D in different countries including birth order, birth weight, birth interval and multiple births. Conclusions: There were sex inequalities in the U5D in LMIC with prominent pro-male-inequality in many countries. Interventions targeted towards the improvement of the health system that will, in turn, prevent preterm delivery and improve management of prematurity and early childhood infection (which are selective threats to the male child survival) are urgently required to address this inequality.