Browsing by Author "Morenikeji, O. A."

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of abate™ used for the treatment of community drinking ponds in the Nigeria guineaworm eradication program
(Tapas Institute of Scientific Research and Development, 2005) Morenikeji, O. A.; Ajulo, B. O.; Odaibo, A. B.
A study was carried out to ascertain the effectiveness of the Abate™ (0-0-0(1)-0(1)-tetramethyl - 0-0(1)-thiodi-P-phenylene phosphorothiote) an organophosphorous compound used for the treatment of community drinking ponds in the Nigeria Guinea Worm Eradication Programme in South-West Zone of Nigeria. The Abate™ was used in treating 3 large rectangular concrete tanks lined with pond mud, and filled with pond water harbouring cyclops, the crustacean vector of guinea worm disease. A fourth tank containing untreated water served as control. The initial and final cyclops populations of each tank was determined daily for seven days and then weekly up to the 28th day after Abate™ treatment. The standard concentration used in guinea worm eradication program (0.1ml of Abate™ to 50 litres of water) was added. At this concentration, cyclops is known to become paralysed within 72 hours. It was deduced that the population of cyclops, Thermocydops decipiens, was not effectively controlled since it took more than 5, 6 and 14 days to eliminate them from tanks A, B and C respectively. The population of cyclops however, increased in the control tank over the study period. In the control of guinea worm disease vectors, it is necessary to take into cognisance the potency of the chemical used in order to achieve the desired result.
Fine specificity of anti MSP 119 antibodies an multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite protein 1 types in individuals in Nigeria with submicroscopic infection
(Springer, 2010) Ngoundou-Landji, J.; Nwuba, R. I.; Anumudu, C. I.; Odaibo, A. B.; Matando Mayo, W. D.; Awobode, H. O.; Okafor, C. M.; Morenikeji, O. A.; Asinobi, A.; Nwagwu, M.; Holder, A. A.; Ntoumi, F.
Background: The absence of antibodies specific for the 19 kDa C-terminal domain of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) has been associated with high-density malaria parasitaemia in African populations. The hypothesis that a high prevalence and/or level of anti-MSP119 antibodies that may inhibit erythrocyte invasion would be present in apparently healthy individuals who harbour a sub-microscopic malaria infection was tested in this study. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from residents in a region in Nigeria hyperendemic for malaria, who had no detectable parasitaemia by microscopy. Using a competition-based enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay with two invasion-inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 12.10 and 12.8, the levels and prevalence of specific antibodies were measured. The minimum multiplicity of infection was determined using PCR. The prevalence of anaemia was also measured. Results: Plasma samples from 85% of individuals contained antibodies that bound to MSP119. The inhibition of mAb 12.10 binding was strongly correlated with the prevalence (Spearman correlation test, p < 0.0001) and mean titre of anti-MSP119 antibodies (Spearman correlation test, p < 0.001) in the samples. Comparing samples from individuals with multiple infection (group M) and single infection (Group S), group M contained a higher (p = 0.04) prevalence of anti-MSP119 antibodies that competed with mAb 12.10. Using a logistic regression model, it was found that the presence of antibodies competitive with mAb 12.10 was affected negatively by anaemia (p = 0.0016) and positively by the carriage of multiple parasite genotypes (p = 0.04). Conclusions: In the search for correlates of protection against malaria, which will be essential to evaluate clinical trials of malaria vaccines based on MSP1, this study examines some potential assays and the factors that need to taken into account during their evaluation, using samples from individuals naturally exposed to malaria infection.
The guinea worm disease
(Textflow Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2015-03) Morenikeji, O. A.
Guinea worm disease and its persistence in some rural communities in Nigeria
(2007) Morenikeji, O. A.; Alade, A. O.; Odaibo, A. B.
Studies were carried out in six villages of Ogun State, Nigeria from January to December 2004 to identify the reasons for the persistence of guinea worm disease in spite of eradication measures. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered to 250 head of households in the endemic villages to assess their knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) in the management of guinea worm disease. The overall prevalence of infection for the study-period was 1.0%. 96.0% of the respondents depended solely on ponds for drinking water during the dry season. 80.0% of the respondents had been infected before 68.0% think that the disease is caused by spiritual attack, while 4.0% associated the disease to drinking bad water. 77.5% did not know if it is possible to prevent the disease. It was observed that immigrant farm labourers and apathy on the part of eradication officials may play vital roles in the transmission of the disease in the area. This study shows that there is need to ascertain and specifically address reasons for the persistence of the disease in areas still endemic.
Helminthiasis and chronic suppurative otitis media in Ijoun community in Ogun State, Nigeria
(2018-02) Abdullahi, Z.. A.; Morenikeji, O. A.; Adeyemo, A. A.; Ogunleye, V. O.
This study, carried out in a rural community in Ogun state Nigeria, aims to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths, bacteria causing Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM), and their coinfection among school-aged participants. Formol-ether sedimentation technique was used to check for helminth eggs in stool samples. Ear swabs collected were cultured on chocolate, blood and MacConkey agar plates. CD4+T lymphocyte count was derived using a flow cytometre. Study participants were between 5 and 19 years old. Three hundred participants were sampled, 108 (36%) were infected with helminth parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides (28.7%), hookworm (6.7%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.7%). The prevalence of helminth infection between the sexes was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.497; P= 0.390), but statistically significant between the age groups (χ2 = 10.10; P=0.016). Mixed helminthic infections were found in only 3.3% of the study population. Seventeen participants (5.7%) were found to have CSOM. Bacteria isolated in the ear swabs were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae. Only two percent (2%) of study population were co-infected with helminth and bacteria. Heavy intensity of helminths and heavy growth of bacteria was found in the coinfected when compared with single infected children. This study showed the presence of otitis media in the study area, and that helminthiasis might have an effect on its presentation. Efforts to control CSOM in the study site may need to consider the inclusion of mass deworming
In-vitro antimalarial activities of withania somnifera, gymnema sylvestre, ocimum gratisimum and cajanus cajan
(Medimond, 2010-08) Morenikeji, O. A.; Pillai, C. R.; Vakcha, N.; Dash, A. P.
A study was carried out to determine the efficacy of four plants, Withania somnifera (WS), Gymnema sylvestre (GS), Ocimum gratisimum (OG) and Cajanus cajan (CC) traditionally used in the treatment of malaria in Nigeria and India. Ethanolic extracts of these plants were tested in vitro on choloroquine sensitive (MRC-pf-2) and resistant (MRC-pf-303) strains of Plasmodium falciparum for their anti-malarial activity. The IC(50) values of these plants were calculated and found to be OG (IC(50) = 23.48 µg/ ml), WS (IC(50)= 45.24 µg/ ml), GS (IC(50) = 45.25 µg/ ml) for the pf sensitive strain and CC (IC(50) = 47.52 µg/ ml) in the pf resistant strain. Others, GS IC(50) = 69.70 µg/ ml (resistant strain), CC IC(50) = 72.3lµg/ ml (sensitive strain), WS IC(50)= 88.30 µg/ ml (resistant strain), OG IC(50)= 121.76µg/ ml (resistant strain). Higher concentrations caused total inhibition of the parasite at the ring stage. Ocimum gratisimum showed the most significant antimalarial effect on the parasites sensitive strain. Results lend some credence to the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of malaria and the need to study the active constituents of effective ones.
In-vitro antimalarial activities of withania somnifera, gymnema sylvestre, ocimum gratisimum and cajanus cajan
(Medimond, 2010-08) Morenikeji, O. A.; Pillai, C. R.; Vakcha, N.; Dash, A. P.
A study was carried out to determine the efficacy of four plants, Withania somnifera (WS), Gymnema sylvestre (GS), Ocimum gratisimum (OG) and Cajanus cajan (CC) traditionally used in the treatment of malaria in Nigeria and India. Ethanolic extracts of these plants were tested in vitro on choloroquine sensitive (MRC-pf-2) and resistant (MRC-pf-303) strains of Plasmodium falciparum for their anti-malarial activity. The IC(50) values of these plants were calculated and found to be OG (IC(50) = 23.48 µg/ ml), WS (IC(50)= 45.24 µg/ ml), GS (IC(50) = 45.25 µg/ ml) for the pf sensitive strain and CC (IC(50) = 47.52 µg/ ml) in the pf resistant strain. Others, GS IC(50) = 69.70 µg/ ml (resistant strain), CC IC(50) = 72.3lµg/ ml (sensitive strain), WS IC(50)= 88.30 µg/ ml (resistant strain), OG IC(50)= 121.76µg/ ml (resistant strain). Higher concentrations caused total inhibition of the parasite at the ring stage. Ocimum gratisimum showed the most significant antimalarial effect on the parasites sensitive strain. Results lend some credence to the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of malaria and the need to study the active constituents of effective ones.
Spatial variation in physical and chemical parameters and benthic macro-invertebrate fauna of River Ogunpa, Ibadan
(2005) Atobatele, O. E.; Morenikeji, O. A.; Ugwumba, O. A.
A fluviatile ecosystem, River Ogunpa, was studied between the months of May and July 2000, to assess spatial variations in physical and chemical parameters and benthic macro-invertebrate faunal composition. Water and qualitative benthic samples were collected four times from five stations located along the river for laboratory analysis. High mean value of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 20.15 ± 4.18 mgO2/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 121.95 ± 19.04 mg02/l ammonia of 1.53 ± 0.44mg/l, total suspended solids (TSS) of 152.2+12.85mg/l, lead of 0.126 ± 0.06mg/l, copper of 0.3+0.07mg/l and zinc of 0.49 ± 0.07mg/l were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (P<0.05) in mean values of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), COD, turbidity, iron and copper from the five stations. Six benthic macroinvertebrate fauna; Melanoides tuberculata, Physa waterloti, Bulinus globosus, Tubifex spp; Chironomus spp and Brachydeutera spp. were recorded. The result showed that the river is under pollutional stress from oxygen demanding organic wastes. Heavy metals analyzed show that lead, copper and zinc levels may be increasing to dangerous levels in the river. Spatial variations along the river showed some stations to be more polluted than others. All the benthic macro-invertebrate fauna recorded were pollution tolerant species.