Browsing by Author "Nwadike, V. U."

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A rare case of Salmonella Typhi Meningitis in an eleven month old infant: a case report
(Association of Resident Doctors, University College Hospital, Ibadan, 2012) Nwadike, V. U.; Fowotade, A.; Tuta, K. E.; Olusanya, O. O.
Non-typhoidal Salmonella are infrequent causes of childhood meningitis. Most reports of Salmonella typhi meningeal infections are confined to neonates. A rare instance of S. typhi in an otherwise healthy eleven month old infant is being reported.
Candida species causing vulvovaginitis among patients in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State: A retrospective cross-sectional study.
(2024) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Tuta, K. E.; Shonekan, O. A.; Okangba, C. C.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Ebeigbe, E.; Osinowo, A. O.; Makanjuola, O. B.; Ogunbiyi, A. I.; Sadare, O. A.; Oluwasola, T. O.; Nwadike, V. U.
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common infections in females. In recent decades, reports of incidence of non-albicans candida species causing VVC is increasing and this has led to a lot of therapeutic failures. Thus, this study aimed to detect Candida species among women who presented with VVC in Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogun State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study carried out in BUTH. Candida isolates from high vaginal swab of 82 women who presented with VVC at the gynecology and family medicine clinics of the hospital were retrieved for a period of 2 years, January 2019 till December 2020. The isolates were analyzed by standard medical microbiology technique. Information on sociodemographic and behavioral factors were retrieved from clinical case notes. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Results: The 82 isolates analyzed yielded 87 species of Candida. Out of the 87 isolates of Candida, the albicans species were 50 (57.5%) while the non-albicans were 37 (42.5%). Among the non-albicans species, 16 (43.2%) Candida krusei had the highest frequency while 7 (19.0%) Candida tropicalis had the least and the other isolates that are unidentified by CHROMagaar accounted for 14 (37.8%). Candida albicans was predominant among 12/18 (66.7%) participants with present multiple sex partners. C. albicans was significantly associated with hormonal contraceptives and C. krusei with wearing of tight and nylon underwear, respectively, on bivariate analysis (P < 0.05) Conclusion: C. albicans was the predominant identified species from this study; however, the prevalence of the non-albicans candida species was still high
Cytomegalovirus in immunosuppressed patients: a silent and potential killer.
(African Journals Online, 2012) Fowotade, A.; Nwadike, V. U.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a recognized cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised individuals. This review will concentrate on understanding the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnostic options for CMV infection.
Noscomial Acinetobacter infections in intensive care unit
(Science Publications, 2013) Nwadike, V. U.; Fayemiwo, S. A.; Fowotade, A.; Bakare, R. A.; Olusanya, O.
Acinetobacter plays an important role in the infection of patients admitted to hospitals. Acinetobacter are free living gram-negative coccobacilli that emerge as significant nosocomial pathogens in the hospital setting and are responsible for intermittent outbreaks in the Intensive Care Unit. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter in patients admitted into the Intensive Care Unit and determine their role in infections in the ICU. A total of one hundred patients were recruited for the study, catheter specimen urine, tracheal aspirate and blood culture were collected aseptically from the patients. The specimens were cultured on blood and MacConkey and the organisms identified using Microbact 12E (0xoid). The Plasmid analysis was done using the TENS miniprep method. Fourteen (14%) of the 100 patients recruited into the study, developed Acinetobacter infection. Acinetobacter spp constituted 9% of the total number of isolates. Twelve (86%) of the isolates were recovered from tracheal aspirate, 1(7%) from urine and 1(7%) from blood. All of the isolates harbor plasmids of varying molecular sizes. Ten of the fourteen Acinetobacter were isolated at about the same period of time in the ICU with 6(42.7%) having plasmid size in the 23.1kb band and all showed similar pattern revealing that the isolates exhibit some relatedness. The clonal nature of the isolates suggest that strict infection control practices must be adopted in ICU, also an antibiotic policy must be developed for the ICU to prevent abuse of antibiotics that may lead to selection of resistant bacteria.
Risk factors and outcome of Acinetobacter infection in the intensive care unit of a tertiary center in Oyo State, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2013) Nwadike, V. U.; Fayemiwo, S. A.; Fowotade, A.; Bakare, R. A.; Olusanya, O. O.
Acinetobacter plays an important role in the infection of patients admitted to hospitals. Acinetobacter are free living gram-negative coccobacilli that emerge as significant nosocomial pathogens in the hospital setting and are responsible for intermittent outbreaks in the intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and outcome of Acinetobacter infections in patients admitted into the intensive care unit of a tertiary center in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred patients were recruited for the study, catheter specimen urine, tracheal aspirate and blood culture were collected aseptically from the patients. The specimens were cultured on blood and MacConkey and the organisms identified using Microbact 12E (0xoid). Fourteen (14%) of the 100 patients recruited into the study developed Acinetobacter infection. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, endotracheal intubation, and duration of endotracheal intubation were associated risk factors with only duration of endotracheal intubation specifically an 8 to 14 day period being an independent risk factor for Acinetobacter. Six of the patients died of the infection while the remaining eight were discharged from the ICU. The findings that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and duration of endotracheal intubation being associated with Acinetobacter infection and the attendant mortality associated with the infection should draw attention to this seemingly silent epidemic in our Intensive Care Units so that effective surveillance protocols can be deployed to manage this infection whenever it rears its head.
Sexual behavioral correlates with HSV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria
(Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2014) Kalu, E. I.; Ojide, C. K.; Fowotade, A.; Nwadike, V. U.
Introduction: The burden of HSV-2 infection, the cause of most cases of genital herpes in Nigeria, varies from region to region; and so are the associated factors. This infection is known to be responsible for several negative pregnancy outcomes. There is currently no documented data on sexual behavioral factors associated with the occurrence of HSV-2 infection or seroprevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria. This study aimed at identifying the sexual behavioral correlates of HSV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology: The cross-sectional study design was adopted and the study took place between November 2011 and June 2012. Four hundred and ten consenting ante-natal clinic patients in two major tertiary hospitals in Benin City were consecutively and prospectively included. Data sources were represented by questionnaires, the patient’s case records and laboratory investigations. Each patient’s serum was analyzed for HSV-2 antibody detection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: Four hundred and ten patients were enrolled with average age 30.6 years. Seroprevalence of HSV-2 antibody was 47.3%. Sexual behavioral factors that were significantly associated with HSV-2 seroprevalence included early exposure to sexual intercourse, number of sex partners, involvement in polygamous marriages, involvement of husband in extra-marital affairs and hormonal contraceptive use. Conclusion: The prevalence of HSV-2 among pregnant women in Benin City is high. Public health campaigns aimed at: delaying onset of sexual activity; encouraging monogamous relationships; and emphasizing that hormonal contraceptives do not protect from STI’s, are recommended.
Urinary tract infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among female students in a tertiary institution in South West Nigeria.
(2020) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Nwadike, V. U.; Tayo, B.; Shonekan, O. A.; Okangba, C. C.; Anaedobe, C. C.; Thompson, T. E.; Omeonu, A. C.; Bibitayo, F.; Ajani, M. A.; Nkwogu, N. F.; Emejuru, J.; Okangba, K.; Ugwa, O. M.; Afolabi, M.; Atere, A.; Kalejaye, T.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Coker, O. A.
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a common medical problem that affects all age groups but with significant morbidity in females because of the nature of their anatomy and physiology. This study was aimed to identify the common causative organisms of UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among female students in Babcock University. Methods: A cross sectional study, in which 200 female participants with symptoms of UTI were recruited. Mid stream urine was collected from them and processed using the standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates from the samples with significant bacteriuria. Socio-demographic and risk factors were obtained using standard questionnaires, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: UTIs were confirmed in 14.5% (29/200) participants. Of the pathogens isolated, Escherichia coli was predominant 30.6% (11/36). Most of the pathogens isolated were susceptible to ofloxacin and gentamicin, while ceftriaxone had the least susceptibility (18.2%). The majority of the participants, 165 (82.5%) though symptomatic, did not have bacteriuria. The participants aged 15–20 years were mostly infected [24 (13.4%)]. No significant association was found between the socio-demographic factors and UTI. Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI from this study was 14.5%. E. coli was the predominant bacteria pathogen isolated, and of loxacin and gentamycin were the most active antibiotics on susceptibility pattern. The majority of the patients though symptomatic, had no pathogens isolated from their urine. Therefore, caution should be applied on the use of antibiotics when managing UTI based on symptoms alone, to prevent antibiotic resistance.