Browsing by Author "Nwadiokwu, J. I."

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Histomorphological assessment of non-neoplastic renal diseases at autopsy: an institutional experience in Southwestern Nigeria
(The College of Medicine and the Medical Association of Malawi., 2021) Omenai, S. A.; Ajani, M. A.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.
Background Autopsy remains an invaluable resource for medical education and establishing diagnosis of diseases that were missed prior to death. Many patients on admission in hospitals suffer kidney diseases that may contribute to their morbidity and/or mortality. The kidneys from autopsies provide opportunity to diagnose and understand some of these non-neoplastic renal lesions. This study aimed to present the frequency of non-neoplastic renal diseases at autopsy. Methods We conducted a five-year retrospective review of post-mortem records of deceased who had autopsy. Data such as age, sex, cause of death, and kidney lesions were extracted from the post-mortem records and clinical details were gotten from the clinical summaries in the autopsy reports. The kidneys were examined for pathological findings that were then classified into glomerular, tubulointerstitial (tubulointerstitial nephritis and other tubular lesions such as tubular necrosis, casts and fibrosis) and vascular lesions. Results A total of seventy (70) cases met the inclusion criteria with 91.4% having significant non- neoplastic renal lesions. The mean age of the deceased was 57.7years (18years – 91years). Males accounted for 65.7% of the cases. Glomerular lesions were seen in 84.3% of the cases, tubulointerstitial nephritis in 41.6% of cases, vascular lesions were seen in 30% of the cases and other tubular lesions (such as stones, casts and tubular necrosis) were seen in 52.9% of the cases. Cardiovascular diseases and infections were the major causes of death in these patients, accounting for 40% and 27% respectively. Renal diseases were attributed to immediate cause of death in 10% of the cases. Conclusion The kidney at autopsy provides a valuable renal pathology educational tool, as a wide range of medical renal lesions can be seen from kidneys examined at post mortem.
Histomorphological Spectrum and Trend of Spinal Neoplastic Lesions: A Single Institutional 40-year review
(Zambia Medical Association (supported via African Journals OnLine), 2021) Salami, A. A.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Iwuagwu, E. I.; Ajani, M. A.; Balogun, A. J.; Oyemolade, A. T.; Adeolu, A. A.
Objectives: Spinal tumors are much less common compared to brain neoplasms. In our setting, due to poor data collection, underreporting, and limited presentation to medical facilities, studies on spinal tumors are sparse. Consequently, there is a lack of data on the frequency of spinal tumors in a predominantly Black population. Previous studies in our environment reported spinal tumors to be infrequent, with extramedullary tumors being more common. This study examines the histomorphological spectrum of spinal tumors in an African setting, comparing it with previous observations to determine possible changes over the decades. Methods: Data were obtained from hospital records of patients over a forty-year period. Information collected included patients’ age, gender, and histomorphological data of all neoplastic spinal lesions. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Results: Tumors were more common between the third and sixth decades of life. There was a slight male preponderance, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Meningiomas were the most common tumors seen during the study period, contrasting with previous studies that had shown Burkitt lymphoma as predominant. The data also showed a steady rise in the number of cases over the study period, suggesting increased hospital presentations and more surgical interventions. Conclusion: This study showed differences in patient demographics and histological tumor types compared to previous reports. These changes are likely due to better awareness among patients and improved diagnostic facilities.
Histopathological profile of childhood thyroid carcinoma in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
(Medical Association of Malawi, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Omenai, S. A.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Salami, A. A.
Background Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine malignancy. It is however rare in childhood and often occurs as a result of radiation exposure or inherited genetic mutations. Most childhood thyroid carcinomas are well differentiated. There are very few epidemiological studies of this disease in Nigeria and our study aimed to determine the frequency in a subset of our population. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and histopathological characteristics of childhood thyroid carcinoma in our environment. Methods This was a retrospective review of histopathologically diagnosed thyroid carcinoma in children less than 18 years of age in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan over a 40-year period. Histopathological diagnosis, age, sex and other relevant clinical information were extracted from the hospital records and surgical pathology records of the department. All cases of patients under18 years old had their slides re-examined and reclassified by two pathologists according to the World Health Organization histopathological classification of thyroid tumours. Results There were 25 cases of thyroid carcinomas seen in children within the study period. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common, accounting for 80% of the cases. Follicular carcinoma accounted for 12%, and medullary and anaplastic carcinoma accounted for 4% each. The mean age at presentation was 13 years. There was a female preponderance with females accounting for 60% of cases. Tumours with distant metastasis made up 20% of the cases. Conclusion Childhood thyroid carcinomas are rare in our environment, with a minority of cases presenting with metastases.
Histopathological Profile of Childhood Thyroid Carcinoma in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
(University of Malawi, College of Medicine, in collaboration with the Medical Association of Malawi., 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Omenai, S. A.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Salami, A. A.
Background Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine malignancy. It is, however, rare in childhood and often occurs as a result of radiation exposure or inherited genetic mutations. Most childhood thyroid carcinomas are well differentiated. There are very few epidemiological studies of this disease in Nigeria, and our study aimed to determine the frequency in a subset of our population. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and histopathological characteristics of childhood thyroid carcinoma in our environment. Methods This was a retrospective review of histopathologically diagnosed thyroid carcinoma in children less than 18 years of age in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a 40-year period. Histopathological diagnosis, age, sex, and other relevant clinical information were extracted from the hospital records and surgical pathology records of the department. All cases of patients under 18 years old had their slides re-examined and reclassified by two pathologists according to the World Health Organization histopathological classification of thyroid tumours. Results There were 25 cases of thyroid carcinomas seen in children within the study period. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common, accounting for 80% of the cases. Follicular carcinoma accounted for 12%, and medullary and anaplastic carcinoma accounted for 4% each. The mean age at presentation was 13 years. There was a female preponderance, with females accounting for 60% of cases. Tumours with distant metastasis made up 20% of the cases. Conclusion Childhood thyroid carcinomas are rare in our environment, with a minority of cases presenting with metastases.
Histopathology turnaround time of surgical biopsies in a Nigerian tertiary health-care facility
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Nwanji, I. D.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.
Background: Turnaround time (TAT) analysis is finding increasing relevance in clinical laboratories due to its relevance in the quality of care of patients. TAT involves all the various processes that occur within the laboratory. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathology TAT of surgical biopsies at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1085 samples received at the Department of Pathology, UCH, Ibadan, from January to April 2020. Samples were categorized into small, intermediate, and large sizes. Average duration spent in the grossing room, processing, reporting, and result verification was calculated, and the total TAT was determined from the summation of the duration of these processes. Results: The mean TAT for all samples was 22 days(±10 days). Reception grossing, histological processing, reporting, and transcription accounted for an average of 1.5 (7%), 5.9 (27%), 9.1 (41%), and 5.6 (25%) days and percentage of TAT, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean TATs for small , intermediate-, and large-sized samples. Conclusion: We identified reporting time as the largest contributor to TAT. Other areas of delay were noted at tissue processing and result verification. Adoption of new technology and staff orientation may help to reduce the observed TAT.
Splenic metastasis from recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma 12 years post-nephrectomy: A case report
(Springer Nature, 2021) Adebayo, S. A.; Salami, A. A.; Takure, A. O.; Fasola, O. A.; Ulasi, I. B.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Shittu, O. B.
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases to the spleen are rare. At the time of this report, only 20 cases of splenic metastases from RCC have been published in the literature. To our knowledge, this report represents the first case of splenic metastasis from a chromophobe RCC. Case presentation: A 44-year-old woman presented with clinical and radiological features of splenic metastasis from RCC, 12 years after radical nephrectomy for chromophobe RCC. Computed tomography, laparotomy, and splenectomy revealed metastases to the spleen and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Conclusion: Splenic metastasis from RCC is uncommon, and even rarer from a chromophobe subtype of RCC. Surgical management of the metastasis is recommended.
Splenic metastasis from recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma 12 years post-nephrectomy: A case report
(Springer Nature, 2021) Adebayo, S. A.; Salami, A. A.; Takure, A. O.; Fasola, O. A.; Ulasi, I. B.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Shittu, O. B.
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases to the spleen are rare. At the time of this report, only 20 cases of splenic metastases from RCC have been published in the literature. To our knowledge, this report represents the first case of splenic metastasis from a chromophobe RCC. Case presentation: A 44-year-old woman presented with clinical and radiological features of splenic metastasis from RCC, 12 years after radical nephrectomy for chromophobe RCC. Computed tomography, laparotomy, and splenectomy revealed metastases to the spleen and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Conclusion: Splenic metastasis from RCC is uncommon, and even rarer from a chromophobe subtype of RCC. Surgical management of the metastasis is recommended.