Browsing by Author "Obiechina, A. E."

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Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) infection among oral surgery patients at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2003) Arotiba, J. T.; Odaibo, G. N.; Fasola, A. O.; Obiechina, A. E.; Ajagbe; Olaleye, O. D.
The human immuno-defiency virus is a world-wide epidemic and evidence abound that the infection is spreading rapidly in sub-saharan Africa with little or no control. Nosocomial trans mission of HIV in the Dental surgery has been documented. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of HIV among dental patients undergoing extraction at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Three hundred patients requiring dental extraction at the dental clinic, UCH, Ibadan who consented were enrolled for the study. Blood samples from these individuals were tested for the presence of HIV antobodies using commeercially available ELISA (Monolisa Sanofi, Pasteur, France). All initially reactive samples were confirmed by a commerical Western immunoblot assay (Bio-Rad Norapath HIV kit). Aprevalence of 2.3 % (7/300) was obtained among individuals tested for this study. Four (2.8%) of the 143 males and 3 (1.9%) of 157 females were positive for HIV antibodies. All the seropositive patients except one were within the age range 20-39 years and most of them (6 out of 7) do not use condom during intercourse. More than half (57%) of the patients had more than one sexualy partner. This study shows that the risk of transmitting HIV to DHCW during treatment is also a ptential hazard in ths environment. HEnce, adequate preventive measures should be observed always.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus surface Antigen (Hbsag) in patients undergoing extraction at the University College Hospital, Ibadan
(2003) Odaibo, G. N.; Arptiba, J. T.; Fasola, A. O.; Obiechina, A. E.; Olaleye, O. D.; Ajagbe, H. A.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae (liver chirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma) are endemic in Africa. The risk of transmission of the infection during dental treatment is real. This study was carried out to determine the rate of Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) as a marker of hepatitis B virus infection in patients undergoing dental extraction in order to highlight the potential risk of nosocomial transmission among the Dental Health Worker (DHW) and their patients. Three hundred (143 males and 157 females) consecutive patients requirng dental extraction who volunteered were enrolled into this study. Their ages ranged from 11 years to 95 years with a mean of 37.2years (SD=16.725) and a median of 36 years. The overall HBsAg infection rate was 18.3% (55/300). A higher infection rate (23.1%) occured among the males patients compared with 14% in females (p=0.0086). The high rate of HBV infection found among this study population suggests that Dental Surgeons in this environment have a high risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus and should be immunized at the beginning of their professional life. Universal biosafety measures should be observed strictly in all invasive procedures.