Browsing by Author "Odeniyi, M. A."

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Antifungal evaluation of formulated ointment from sphenocentrum jollyanum root extract
(Natural Product Research group, University of Benin, 2020) Ajayi, T. O.; Nyong, E. E.; Odeniyi, M. A.; Moody, J. O.
In the light of high cost and frequent reoccurrence of current antifungal drugs, there is a need to explore the natural product resources in managing fungal infection, candidiasis, in which Candida albicans is the causative agent. This study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Sphenocentrum jollyanum in view of the folkloric use in dressing chronic wounds. The ethylacetate fraction of 70% w/v methanol extract of S. jollyanum root (SJRME) was assessed for in vitro anticandidal activity using agar dilution method. Five groups of Candida albicans infected albino rats were treated with graded concentrations of ethylacetate fraction formulated ointment (50 - 200 mg/mL), with tioconazole cream 1% and normal saline as controls. Skin swabs were taken on days 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 and placed on tryptone soya broth for three days. Serial dilution of the skin swabs was carried out and fungal loads determined using colony counter. The physical properties of the ointment formulated were evaluated. The ethylacetate fraction of SJRME was found to be active at tested concentrations against Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 mg/mL. Significant activity was also observed against other species of Candida and plant fungi. The formulated ointment had moderate viscosity, smooth texture, bland odour and bright yellow color. Treatment groups showed a significant reduction in fungal loads of skin swabs and ethylacetate fraction of SJRME possess antifungal activity and may therefore be potent templates in antifungal drug development.
Antimicrobial and pharmaceutical properties of the seed oil of leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit (Leguminosae)
(2011-01) Aderibigbe, S. A.; Adetunji, O. A.; Odeniyi, M. A.
The seed oil of Leuconia leucocephala was investigated for its antimicrobial activity and the pharmaceutical properties of its lotion formulation determined. The oil was extracted from the pulverised dried seeds of the Leuconia leucocephala plant by cold maceration in n-hexane. The oil was tested against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and four fungi (Aspergilus niger, Rhizopus stolon, Penicillum notatum and Candida albicans) isolates. Gentamycin and tioconazole were the reference drugs respectively. The oil was later formulated as a lotion and the pharmaceutical properties of the formulation determined.The oil was found to have a concentration-dependent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while showing no activity against the fungi tested. The lotion formulation of the oil containing oleic acid had good pharmaceutical properties and was stable over the test period. Leucaena leucocephala seed oil extract had a concentration-dependent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the lotion formulation had good pharmaceutical properties.
Disintegrant properties of native and modified polymers in metronidazole tablet formulations
(2014-09) Ayorinde, J. O.; Odeniyi, M. A.
Natural polymers may be modified in order to improve desired properties in tablet formulations. Granule incorporation techniques have different effects on the disintegrant properties of tablets. Disintegrant properties of two new plant polymers, extracted from Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and Khaya senegalensis tree, were investigated in metronidazole tablet formulations. Native and microwave irradiated forms of the starch and gum were incorporated into the tablet formulations using a 3-factor general full factorial design. Type of disintegrants (X1) was at two levels (Starch or Gum), effect of modification (X2) was also investigated at two levels (Native or Irradiated), while the mode of incorporation (X3) of the disintegrants was at three levels (Intragranular (IG), Extragranular (EG) or Intra-extragranular (IG/EG). Sodium starch glycolate was the standard. Tablets were evaluated for disintegration, dissolution and physical qualities using British Pharmacopoeia methods. The native and modified gum showed higher hydration capacity than the starches. The rank order of the disintegrant properties of the polymers was MG (modified gum)>NG (native gum)>MS (modified starch)>NS (native starch) (p<0.05). The crushing strength for tablets from both native and modified polymers was similar but differs with the mode of incorporation. In starch, the rank orders were IG/EG > IG > EG; and EG > IG/EG > IG for the gums. However, IG/EG incorporation of native and modified starches and gums gave a longer t80 (time taken for 80% of the drug to dissolve) than both IG and EG (p<0.05). The effect of the variables on the disintegrant properties of the polymers was in the order: X3 > X1 > X2 and the effect on t80 was X1 > X3 > X2. The gums and starches were better disintegrants than sodium starch glycolate, with the gums exhibiting better properties than the starches. Microwave irradiation had no significant effect on the disintegrant properties of both polymers but increased the crushing strength of the tablets. Intragranular incorporation proved to be the best method for optimum disintegrant property.
Evaluation of mucoadhesive properties of native and modified starches of the root tubers of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
(2011-09) Odeniyi, M. A.; Atolagbe, F. M.; Aina, O. O.; Adetunji, O.A.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioadhesive properties of native and modified cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) starches. The methods of modification were by pregelatinisation and acetylation. The starch particles were evaluated for characteristics like particle size, swelling ability, viscosity, and mucoadhesion. The mucoadhesive evaluation of the starches were done using the rotating cylinder methods in 0.1M HCl and Phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) to simulate the stomach and small intestine respectively. The mechanical properties of the compacted starches were determined using friability and crushing strength.The particles so prepared had irregular shape size ranged from 9.38 to 10.67mm. Mucoadhesion time was in the order Acetylated>Native>Pregelatinised starch in 0.1M HCl and Pregelatinised>Native>Acetylated starch in pH 6.8 Phosphate buffer. None of the severe signs such as appearance of epithelial necrosis, sloughing of epithelial cells were observed in ileum sections. The work concludes that modified cocoyam starches could be useful in targeted mucoadhesive drug delivery.
Two New phytoecdysteroids from sphenocentrum jollyanum pierre root
(Elsevier Inc., 2019) Ajayi, T. O.; Srivedavyasasri, R.; Nyong, E. E.; Odeniyi, M. A.; Moody, J. O.; Ross, S. A.
The crude methanol extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum root exhibited 98% and 80% antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus Pinh and Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, with ICso 11.45 and 12.95 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against A. fumigatus Pinh at 83% with ICso of <8 μg/mL. The phytochemical investigation of ethyl acetate fraction yielded six compounds, which were identified by their NMR, IR and MS spectral analyses as two new phytoecdysteroidal glycosides Sphenocentroside A (1), and NUSART Sphenocentroside B (2), and four known phytoecdysteroids: polypodoaurein (3), polypodine B (4), ecdysterone (5), and 20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone (6).