Browsing by Author "Oderinlo, O. O."

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Anti-streptococcus mutans, anti-adherence and anti-acidogenic activity of uvaria chamae P. beauv
(Elsevier B.V., 2023-01) Madiba, M.; Oluremi, B. B.; Gulube, Z.; Oderinlo, O. O.; Marimani, M.; Osamudiamen, P. M.; Patel, M.
Ethnopharmacological relevance. Streptococcus mutans a key pathogen, produces biofilm, acids and extracellular polysaccharides in the oral cavity; which leads to the development of dental caries. Control of these pathogenic markers can prevent dental caries. Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. is a medicinal plant traditionally used for many ailments including oral infections. Root, leaves and bark extracts has proven antibacterial activity including activity against caries causing S. mutans. However, its effect on the virulence properties of S. mutans, responsible for the development of dental caries, has not been studied. Aim of the study This study investigated the phytochemical constituents, anti-S. mutans, anti-adherence and antiacidogenic activity of U. chamae root extract. Materials and methods Extracts were prepared and phytochemical analysis was performed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined, and MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of the best solvent were selected for their effect on the virulence factors of S. mutans. The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests. Results The ichloromethane extract, with proanthocyanidin as a major chemical constituent, produced an MIC of 0.02 mg/ml. At 6 h, exposure to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/ml extract significantly reduced S. mutans adherence by 39, 59, and 77% respectively (p < 0.05). Uvaria chamae also significantly inhibited acid production in S. mutans at 10, 12, 14 and 16 h (p < 0.05). At ½ MIC, the plant extract caused remarkable downregulation of the virulence genes responsible for the adherence, biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide synthesis and acid production. Conclusions This suggests that U. chamae extract may potentially be used to inhibit the proliferation of S. mutans and silencing the expression of pathology-related genes, which will prevent the development of dental caries.
Ethnobotanical appraisal and in-silico investigation of plants used for the management of COVID-19 in Southwestern Nigeria
(2021) Oderinlo, O. O.; Adenekan, O. A.; Alawode, T. T.; Osamudiamen, P. M.; Oluremi, B. B.; Oyeneyin, O. E.; Ngoepe, M. P.
The continued spread of 2019 novel coronavirus disease is a serious threat to global health. Currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral agents for treatment exist, but, there are many anecdotal accounts of the use of herbal concoctions for the management of this disease in many low-income settings, including Nigeria abound. Using a combination of a web-based survey, and face-to-face interviews with local herbal sellers, this study documents the herbal flora used in the management of COVID-19 in Southwestern Nigeria, and also probes their potential as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The preliminary in-silico studies identified taraxerol, vernonioside D2, nimbolide and mangiferoleanone as potential hit candidates for COVID-19. The current findings highlight that nature can be a source for the discovery of medicinal agents active against COVID-19. These preliminary results necessitate further in-vitro and in-vivo experimental evidence.
Trans -resveratrol, piceatannol and gallic acid: potent polyphenols isolated from Mezoneuron benthamianum effective as anticaries, antioxidant and cytotoxic agents
(Elsevier B.V. on behalf of African Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2020) Osamudiamen, P. M.; Oluremi, B. B.; Oderinlo, O. O.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.
Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the root of Mezoneuron ben- thamianum , a shrub commonly used as chewing stick in the southwest of Nigeria, led to the isolation of three compounds characterised as trans -resveratrol, piceatannol and gallic acid by the use of spectroscopic techniques. The anticaries activity of the polyphenols was evaluated against four oral bacteria pathogens ( Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aerugi- nosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), isolated from clinical samples presented by patients having dental caries, while their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were deter- mined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and brine shrimp ( artemia salina nau- plii) bioassay techniques. The results showed that the isolated compounds exhibited very strong anticaries activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 25 to 300 μg/ml, antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 35.81, 30.35 and 11.73 μg/ml, when com- pared with ascorbic acid (IC 50 = 38.20 μg/ml) and cytotoxic activity with LC 50 of 7.15, 99.99 and 98.71 μg/ml for resveratrol, piceatannol and gallic acid respectively The isolated compounds demonstrated very strong anticaries, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. This study further justifies the ethno-medicinal use of M. benthamianum as an effective tool in maintaining oral hygiene.