Browsing by Author "Odesola, I. F."

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Activated carbon from agricultural waste: process description and economic analysis
(2009) Oiogun, O. O.; Oyekeye, O. M.; Odesola, I. F.
Adsorption refrigeration technology has been intensively investigated in many countries of the world because of its promising potential for competing with conventional vapour compression refrigeration, its relatively low operating cost and its environmental friendliness. The search for a good adsorbent for solar powered refrigeration technology has led to various attempts to manufacture activated carbon of high adsorptive property. In this study coconut shells plus 10% animal bones, agricultural wastes, were used as basic raw materials for the local production of activated carbons. The properties determined were the particle size diameter, iodine no, hardness no, bulk density, and tamped density of the activated carbon samples. The results for the coconut shells only of mesh size 14 and maximum particle size of 2.36mm are: iodine no, 906.68mg/g, hardness no, 1, bulk density, 0.504g/ml, tamped density, 0.562g/ml and ash content, 0.012%; while that of the coconut shells with 10% bones of mesh size 14 and maximum particle size of 2.36mm are: iodine no, 870.51mg/g, hardness no, 1, bulk density, 0.585g/ml, tamped density, 0.604g/ml and ash content, 0.06%. In comparison with the imported activated carbons these can be classified as medium grade carbons, This work has established the fact that activated carbons, the principal component for solar powered refrigeration technology can be locally sourced without compromising standards.
Activated carbon production from wastes: profitability index and product cost reduction method
(2010) Odesola, I. F.; Daramola, N. O.
A previous paper on developing a national capability for the manufacture of activated carbon from agricultural waste by the same authors was considered. In the said paper, the process flow diagram for the manufacture of Granular Activated Carbon from three agricultural wastes namely coconut shell, oil-palm shells and sugarcane bagasse was provided and the plant’s economic analysis done. The objectives of this study were to investigate selling price reducing options and profitability of the investment discussed. In the study, the profitability indexes for the overall plant projects for the three plants were found. The effect of equipment cost reduction on the total productive cost was also examined. For the steam activation of coconut shell, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost was found reduce the corresponding Product cost geometrically by values ranging from 2.44-1.22% for ten successive reductions. The profitability index was between 0.057 and 4.07% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. The steam activation of sugarcane bagasse was different, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost reduce the corresponding Product cost also geometrically by values ranging from 2.85-3.69% (increasing with each reduction) also for 10 successive reductions. The profitability index was between 0.09 and 3.7% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. And for the phosphoric activation of oil-palm shell, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost was found reduce the corresponding Product cost geometrically by values ranging from 4.58-2.88% (decreasing with each reduction as in steam activation of coconut shells). The profitability index was between -1.08 and 2.12% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. In addition, an excel software to simulate the economic analysis previously done and output the key costs after the simulation.
Computer simulation of air-conditioning system design and ducting analysis for professionals and engineering students
(2001-11) Odesola, I. F.; Ogunfolu, O.
Air-conditioning system design and ducting analysis has over the years been an aspect of Engineering, which even though has developed greatly, yet it brings about very tedious tasks of analysis, low level of accuracy, and a lot of time input in carrying out its analysis manually. This work makes provision for the use of a software package, designed for ducting analysis. It has the capability of handling analysis for buildings having as much as nine (9) floors, with each floor having up to twenty (20) rooms. The report gives an account of the method used and the programming aspect of the package for ducting analysis. The thermal analysis of a building forms the basis for the equipment selection in terms of capacity of the cooling equipment, quantity of dehumidified air required and the type of system to be recommended. The estimated air quantity is then used in carrying out the analysis of the system. The package has been designed in such a way that results of analysis made could be printed out for use. Also, it can be easily used on any computer that has a floppy drive for its installation, and has been produced using Visual Basic 6.0. it would be very useful for professionals, as it can carry out analysis which might take hours to develop in few seconds, and also, can be used in higher institutions as teaching aid to INSTRUCT Engineering students.
Computerized approach to cooling load estimates for air-conditioning design
(2006) Odesola, I. F.; Sefiu, Y. B.
The research work provides the basic information for the design of a Central Air-Conditioning system for Kenneth Dike Library extension, University of Ibadan, Oyo State used as a case study. The software was designed, using a visual basic 6.0 (C++) programming language, to perform a thermal analysis for all the rooms of the floors in the building. The developed software called AIRCCAD is implemented to handle mathematical equations and engineering calculations efficiently and effectively and provide more accurate information at the very shortest possible time than manually calculated design.
Design and construction of a plastic melting pot for low density polyethylene (LDPE)
(1999) Odesola, I. F.; Bomide, A. K.
In this project a melting pot was designed and constructed using available local materials. This pot was used to melt plastic resin without the resin-changing colour (turning brown). The project was divided into two parts: the design and construction aspect and the control aspect. A good temperature control was incorporated to achieve high quality output. The construction was carried out using galvanized mild steel. In this project a melting pot was designed and constructed using available local materials. This pot was used to melt plastic resin without the resin-changing colour (turning brown). The project was divided into two parts: the design and construction aspect and the control aspect. A good temperature control was incorporated to achieve high quality output. The construction was carried out using galvanized mild steel. It consists of a cylindrical enclosure that is divided into two chambers: the upper and larger one house the melting unit, the lower chamber houses sensing element of the temperature control equipment. The instrument used for the temperature control is a thermostat which has a temperature range of 0-200°. The dimension of the material used for the fabrication was based on the least thermal difference so that equilibrium can be achieved in a short time .Tests carried out after the construction of the prototype confirmed the relevancy of the project. The pot melted the plastic resin and flowed without change of colour.
Design appreciation of a commercial washing machine
(2010) Odesola, I. F.; Ikuenogbon, T.
This paper focuses on the design appreciation of a washing machine or a washer. A washer is designed to clean laundry, such as clothing, towels and sheets. All washing machines work by using mechanical energy, thermal energy, and chemical action. Mechanical energy is imparted to the clothes load by the rotation of the agitator in top loaders, or by the tumbling action of the drum in front loaders. Detailed components designs were carried out on all the major elements of the washing machine vis-a-vis: belt design, shaft design and bearing selection. From the analysis carried out, the following have been recommended: two v-belts, 39 mm diameter shaft, basic dynamic capacity for the bearing C is 15206.5 N. This work has established the fact that washing machine of various capabilities can be manufactured locally without compromising standards.
Design, construction and evaluation of a low cost tray dryer
(2005) Odesola, I. F.; Okoro, C. C.
A low cost food processing tray dryer was designed and constructed using locally available material. The dryer design temperature was such that various types of solid food material can be dried. The maximum temperature specified was 80°C. For better design and operational performance, a survey and design appreciation exercises were carried out on the available tray dryers in the Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, and Ibadan. The performance of the dryer was tested using (Dioscorea genus) slices at different thickness and various temperatures and it was found that at higher temperatures and smaller thicknesses the product being dried lose their moisture content at a faster rate. The dryer was able to dry the sample product weighing approximately 24g initially to 8.86g at different time for different temperature as outlined below. For 70°C it dried at 19.5hr, for 60°C it dried at 32hr, and for 50°C it dried at 38hr In order to show the effect of temperature, thickness of product to be dried and velocity a computer program was written using visual basic (software) to simulate the performance characteristics.
Design, construction and performance evaluation of a commercial ice-maker
(2006) Odesola, I. F.; Nwaneto, F. N.; Adeyemo, A. S.
The ice-maker (freezer) was designed, constructed and tested. The ice-making machine is to freeze 27kg of water in 9 different compartments in 12 hrs. The quantity of heat to be removed in order to achieve freezing is 12556.89 kJ and this is used to determine the refrigeration tonnage of the machine (0.124 ton). Polyurethane and Galvanized steel sheets have been selected for insulation and cabinet materials respectively due to their low thermal conductivities and high corrosion resistant properties. The performance tests show that the ice-maker is capable of producing 9 ice cubes (10 cm x 10 cm x 30 cm) in 12 hrs; while the economic analysis indicate that the project iseconomically viable. The cost of the ice-maker is N 51,650.00 and the investment payback is estimated to be 74 days with regular supply of electricity.
Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a domestic dish washing machine
(2012-03) Odesola, I. F.; Afolabi, O. A.
Plate washing is a daily activity across the globe which involves a lot of energy to accomplish manually or mechanically. The objective of this work is to design and fabricate a dish washing machine that is efficient and easy to operate. Stainless steel and mild steel was used for the construction of the machine considering their availability, cost reduction and corrosion resistance. The motor used a power of 0.75hp (559.5 W), voltage of 240V and a speed of rotation of “1200 r.p.m” which was reduced to “100 r.p.m” using a reduction gear of velocity ratio (V.R) “12:1”, the shaft torque being “53.4 N-m”. The plates were washed and rinsed in a separate basin using a liquid detergent and clean water following appropriate measure per cycle. Detailed design drawings of all the machine parts were drawn using AutoCAD. The performance analysis of the machine shows that the number of plates washed and the time taken were 20 plates per minute (1min), 5 plates per minute for the machine and manual operation respectively. The capacity of the machine is 20 plates per minute (1880 per hour). The machine washes plates without breakages.
Determining the optimum shape and orientation of a greenhouse on the basis of total radiation
(2011) Odesola, I. F.; Ezekwem, C.
Greenhouse is a feasible option for sustainable crop production in the regions of adverse climatic conditions. For a successful greenhouse design, the selection of shape and orientation is of paramount importance. In this study, three most commonly used single span shapes of greenhouses namely even-span, uneven-span and vinery type have been selected for comparison. The length, width and height (at the center) are kept same for all the selected shapes. The relevance of this paper was to develop a thermal model using MATLAB program for computing transmitted total solar radiation (beam, diffused and ground reflected) at each hour, for each month and at any latitude for the selected geometry greenhouses (through each wall, inclined surfaces and roofs) for both east-west and north-south orientation. The computed transmitted solar radiation is then introduced into another thermal model that is developed using MATLAB program to compute hourly inside air temperature for each shape and orientation. Statistical validation is carried out for the former model using solar radiation data for horizontal surface at (28°35'N and 77° 12'E),New Delhi, India and (19° 07'N and 72°51'E),Mumbai, India. At 19°N latitude, uneven-span shape greenhouse receives 10% more yearly average solar radiation as compared to even-span shape greenhouse whereas vinery shape to receives 12%less yearly average solar radiation as compared to even-span shape. Similarly, at 28°N latitude, unevenspan shape to receives 8% more average radiation as compared to even-span shape whereas vinery shape receives 10% less yearly average solar radiation as compared to even-span shape. Results above show that east-west orientation of uneven-span solar greenhouse is the best suited during each month for both analyzed latitudes. The developed model is very simple and has provided understanding to climate control process inside the greenhouse.
Developing a local capability for the manufacture of activated carbon from agricultural waste
(Fall, 2009-11) Odesola, I. F.; Daramola, N. O.
Commercial activated carbons are produced from bituminous and lignite coal The environmental impacts and potentially increasing cost of coal has encouraged the search for other alternatives in agricultural wastes. The objectives of this study were to develop process flow diagrams for the large scale production of activated carbon from three agricultural wastes namely coconut shells, oil-palm shells, and sugarcane bagasse as well as carrying out an economic evaluation to estimate the cost to manufacture these activated carbons.
The development and evaluation of a solar-powered refrigerator using activated carbon/ methanol pair
(2009) Odesola, I. F.
A solar-powered adsorption refrigerator using activated carbon/methanol pair was designed and fabricated. The refrigerator has three major components: collector-condenser, and evaporator. A 3 mm thick flat glass was used as flat plate collector. The condenser was made of spirally coiled copper tube immersed in pool of stagnant water contained in a reinforced sancrete tank. The .evaporator was fabricated from standard 15.6 mm diameter copper tubing. The activated carbon used as adsorbent was manufactured locally from shells of a palm kernel. The maximum temperature of 108°C attained in the solar collector was adequate for methanol generation, while maximum received insolation of 1000 kW/m2 was sufficient for methanol desorption. The solar coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigerator ranged from 0.0339 to 0.0345 compared to 0.03 to 0.055 recorded in the literature. The study shows that a solar powered adsorption refrigerator will operate In Nigeria's tropical climate with satisfactory coefficient of performance.
Development and evaluation of fluid mechanics laboratory curriculum: a case study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria
(2004) Odesola, I. F.; Salami, R. O.
Mechanics in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The University has been equipped with standard laboratory for the Leaching of Fluid mechanics, but over the years some equipment have broken down and affected the leaching of Fluid Mechanics. All over the years the needs of the students have changed. This paper starts by reporting the rehabilitation and commissioning of one of the equipment. And then goes ahead to formulate the laboratory exercises required to be performed by the students in Fluid Mechanics before graduation in B.Sc degree programme bearing in mind the functionality of existing equipment and the environment awaiting the students on graduation. Several improvements have been made and documentation done. The paper concludes that in most first generation Universities in Nigeria, Fluid Mechanics laboratories are well equipped, but most of the equipment are not functioning because of minor elements that could have been improved and installed. It recommends that with little funding and commitment of staff and students this laboratory would be kept running to meet the need of Nigerian Engineering students.
Development and preliminary performance evaluation of a solar collector for adsorption refrigerator
(2009) Odesola, I. F.
The design and construction of a flat plate solar collector is presented in this paper. The solar collector was designed to power adsorption refrigerator using activated carbon/methanol pair. Design was such as to provide simplicity and yet ruggedness for harsh operating environment in the tropical climate of Nigeria. For methanol desorption, the collector must reach a maximum temperature of at least 100°C. Performance results showed that the maximum temperature of 108°C attained in the solar collector was adequate for methanol generation, while maximum received insolation of 1000 kW/m2 was sufficient for methanol desorption.
Development of local technology for a small-scale biochar production processes from agricultural wastes
(Scholarlink Research Institute, 2010) Odesola, I. F.; Owoseni, T. A.
A charcoal fired reactor for small-scale production of biochar was successfully designed, fabricated and tested. The method of biochar production offered by this equipment was evaluated by comparing its output with a single barrel method of production. The results obtained during the test indicated that the efficiency of the equipment based on its output per kg of Cocoa pod husk was 79.9%. It has the capacity to produce 18.3 kg of Biochar from Cocoa Husk per day using 1 bag of local Charcoal. Cocoa pod Husk can be effectively used as raw material for Biochar production. The Specific Heat Capacity of Cocoa pod Husk was obtained as 3.8 kJ/kg K using the Choi and Okos model. The equipment can be afforded by small scale farmers at production cost of N24, 600.00.This machine can be easily used and maintained without any formal training. The reactor is therefore appropriate for use by subsistent farmers, and households for producing biochar on a small scale
Duct design and performance: a case study of a University senate chamber
(2002) Odesola, I. F.; Ndubuisi, C. U.; Ogbolu, N. D.
This paper present the design of a central air-conditioning /ducting system for a case study of a University Senate Chamber in Nigeria. The design aims at maintaining conditions that are conducive to human comfort within the senate chamber of the University. (24°C - 25.5°C, 50% - 55% RH). The design month was March (6) and using the expert assistance found in the carrier system design ducting analysis manual the refrigeration tonnage obtained was 40 and the total air quantity required to remove the heat load was 9908cfm. Low velocity with equal friction method was used in the ducting analysis. Equipment selection was carried out for the proposed system. A simulation was carried on the proposed system to estimate the relative humidity and temperature at various times. Another test was carried out on the actual (existing unit) to estimate relative humidity and temperature at various times and positions within the chamber. A comparison of the simulated and tested values with standard comfort conditions reveals that the new design will certainly give more comfort.
Finite element analysis of a transient 2-dimensional heat conduction problem
(2002) Odesola, I. F.; Adeogun, S. A.
The analysis of a transient 2-Dimensional heat conduction problem by the Finite Element Method is hereby presented. The solution approach was that of partial discretisation : 4-node isoparametric elements were used in the discretisation of the problem domain in the spatial coordinate, while linear temporal elements are used in the discretisation of the time domain. The Galerkin's Weighted Residual Method was used in the development of the system equation in the space domain, and their transformation into the time domain. The resulting system of equation, which is a two-point recursive relation,was solved using the Gauss - Cholesky Method. The developed algorithm was used on a linear, transient 2-Dimensional problem, and the results obtained were an improvement on those obtained by Bruch, J. C . and Zyvoloski , G.
Impact of technology (engineering) on business operations in Nigeria (1960-1998)
(2000) Odesola, I. F.
Despite the low-level of Technological inputs and assimilation in Nigeria in general, Business operations have benefited considerably from Technology. Technology input have been in form of vastly improved communications, power availability, distribution, new tools of machinery for production, and health facilities. In this paper, the situation of Transportation and Food industries are focused on in respect of great changes that have taken place therein. Suggestion on the practical way of having greater progress are listed to serve as guides for policy makers in the country.
A PC- based simulation package for engineering students and professionals on compressible flow
(2003-04) Odesola, I. F.; Bamiro, D.
Both Engineering students and practicing Engineers are involved in the design and analysis associated with fluid mechanics and thermo-dynamics problems. For them to be very efficient and proficient in handling various problems there is need for scientific data and general information in forms of tables or graphs. These must be made available in a compact form. In this paper a successful attempt was made to make available this aforementioned data in respect of compressible flow. All the equations concerned are brought together in a simplified form and programmed to generate useful data for various gases of interest on compressible flows. Analysis of compressible fluid flow becomes very easy if one has access to information as presented in this paper.
Performance evaluation of a gas (butane) fired oven
(2001-11) Odesola, I. F.; Akinlade, D. O.; Fayemi, B. O.
A gas-fired oven for commercial production of bread was designed and constructed using locally available material and was subjected to various tests to come out with its performance characteristics. Its performance was evaluated arid then compared with respect to the total time required to bake a specified mass of white flour dough using the gas oven with that used by clay wood fired oven for the same mass of white flour dough. The outcome of the test result indicated that the maximum temperature attained by the oven was 400°C with the gas control valves at close to the maximum point (without load). This temperature was attained seven minutes after firing the oven. The clay wood fired oven tested attained a peak temperature of 280°C one hour after it was fired. White flour dough of mass 0.2kg was baked in the gas fired oven in thirty nine minutes (first load), this corresponds to the total baking time. The same unit mass of dough was baked in the wood fired oven in a total baking time of eight-five minutes. A test carried out on the insulating machine, sawdust, showed that it minimized the heat loss from the oven by maintaining a high temperature gradient between the inside wall and the outer wall of the oven. The preliminary economic analysis of the cost of production of the oven and the cost of fuel showed that is cost effective and viable.