Browsing by Author "Ogunbode, O.O."

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A comparative review of the efficacy of 24-hour versus 48-hour dose regimen of amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid prophylaxis for postoperative infections following elective caesarean section at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
(Zambia Medical Association, 2022) Oloko, O.O.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Obajimi, G.O.; Arowojolu, A.O
Objectives: To compare the efficacy of 24 hour versus 48 hour prophylaxis of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the prevention of postoperative infections. Study Design: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty - two pregnant women scheduled for elective caesarean section were randomly assigned into two groups. After the initial pre-incision antibiotic a dmi n i s t r a t i o n , g r o u p A r e c e i v e d t h e Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid for 24 hours while group B received the same drug for 48hours. Main Outcomes: Participants were examined on the3rd, 10th and 17th post-operative days for evidence of infections. All entry and analysis of data was by computer using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 (IBM, New York).Statistically significant differences were determined at p value of< 0.05. Results: The incidence of postoperative wound infection, postoperative fever and endometritis in this study was 5.2%, 9.1% and 5.6% respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative wound infection, postoperative fever and endometritis between the two regimens of antibiotics.
Consequences of type-2 diabetes mellitus and malaria co-morbidity on sperm paraters in men: a case-control study in a district hospital in the Ashanti region of Ghana
(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2023-09) Abdulai, R.; Akwetey, S. A.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Aboagye, B.
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and malaria infection are highly prevalent in Africa particu- larly, in the Sub-Saharan Region. A greater number of people in the Ghanaian population who have T2DM are also reported to harbor malaria parasites. This study aimed to investi- gate the influence of T2DM & Malaria co-morbidity on sperm parameters among patients in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. This hospital-based cross-sectional analytic case-control study comprised 254 adult male study participants comprising 80 T2DM & Malaria co-mor- bidity, 80 T2DM only, and 94 normal controls. A blood sample (10mL) was drawn from each participant to measure FBG, HbA1c levels, Testosterone levels, Total cholesterol, and determination of Malaria parasite density. Seminal fluid was also collected from each partici- pant for semen analysis. Sperm kinetics of the T2DM & Malaria co-morbidity group particu- larly; total motility, rapid progressive motility, and slow progressive motility were negatively affected compared to both T2DM only (p<0.0001) and the Normal control (p<0.0001). Nor- mal sperm morphology was significantly affected in the co-morbidity group compared to T2DM only (p<0.0001). Sperm vitality was also statistically significantly reduced in the T2DM & Malaria co-morbidity than in T2DM only (t (4)=-8.62; p<0.001). There was a signifi- cant decline in testosterone levels in the T2DM & Malaria co-morbidity group than in the T2DM only (p<0.0001) and the control (p <0.0001). In conclusion, T2DM and malaria infec- tion have a stronger propensity to alter sperm morphology and lower sperm motility and vitality.
Decisional conflict amongst women undergoing caesarean section in health facilities in Ibadan
(West African College of Physicians (WACP) and the West African College of Surgeons (WACS), 2023-03) Anih, A. I.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Okedare, A. O.
BACKGROUND: Despite the global trend of increasing caesarean section rates, aversion to this procedure is common among Nigerian women. This gives rise to conflict during counselling and consent taking for the procedure. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to assess decisional conflict in women undergoing caesarean section. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study among four hundred and seven booked women undergoing elective caesarean section at secondary and tertiary health facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was used in the selection of participants and informed consent was obtained. The survey instrument was an interviewer-administered questionnaire during the counselling session before the surgery. The decisional conflict scale (DCS), low literacy version was used to quantify decisional conflict. Data was entered into SPSS version 21. The statistical level of significance was set at less than 5%. RESULTS: Most (73.5%) participants booked late for antenatal care and had a tertiary level of education (67.6%). A majority, 316 (77.6%) were not accompanied to antenatal visits. The husband (58.7%) was the sole decision maker with respect to health issues. Eighty-six participants (21.1%) experienced significant decisional conflict. The mean decisional conflict score in those who experienced decisional conflict was 41.1 ± 14.6. Recruitment site (p=<0.001), educational level (p=<0.001), and family fecundity (p=0.009) were predictive of having decisional conflict. CONCLUSION: One in five women undergoing caesarean section experience significant decisional conflict, so we recommend the application of the decisional conflict scale to improve counselling of patients having difficulties in giving informed consent. WAJM 2023; 40(3): 269–276.
Displaced women and sexual and reproductive health services: exploring challenges women with sexual and reproductive health face in displaced camps of Nigeria.
(Hamadan University of Medical Sciences., 2023) Ngwibete, A.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Mangalu, M.A.; Omigbodun, A.O.
Background: Displaced women are affected by sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, often exacerbated by poor living conditions, limited access to healthcare, and cultural norms. The aim of this study was to explore SRH issues, the effects of displacement into camps on women’s SRH, and challenges with accessing and utilizing SRH services among women in camps for the displaced in Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the women’s SRH challenges, based on 12 focus group discussions between women of different age groups and eight in-depth interviews. The data were collected using tape recorders and notes. Data analysis followed a thematic approach. Ethical approval and appropriate consent were obtained for the study. Results: The majority of research participants stated that sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus was the most serious SRH issue in the camp. Their stay in camp enhanced the women’s vulnerability and exposed them to sex in exchange for basic needs/palliatives, increasing their SRH challenges. Access to and use of SRH services were impacted by their migratory lifestyle, cultural and religious views, lack of SRH knowledge, and other difficulties. Short-term approaches to intervention, health providers’ poor communication, and attitudes were reported to affect SRH service use. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address SRH challenges among women in displaced settings, including proper coordination of humanitarian services, education on transactional sex, encouragement of men to participate in SRH initiatives, and expansion of access to services, as well as the training and hiring of culturally competent healthcare providers.
Intimate partner violence among women living with human immunodeficiency virus attending a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria.
(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2023-07) Sanusi, Z. A.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Ajayi, I.O.; Arowojolu, A.O.
Globally intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major health problem and disproportionately affects more women than men. In Africa, women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) face increased IPV risk, low record of disclosure and higher chance of transmission of HIV to their spouse. This study determined the prevalence and pattern of IPV and its association with disclosure status to partner among women living with HIV(WLHIV). This was a mixed method study among WLHIV attending HIV Anti-Retroviral (ART) clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Data was collected from 316 participants selected by systematic random sampling using a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. In-depth interviews were conducted among 20 participants using a guide. Frequency, percentages and proportion were used to summarize categorical variables and means and standard deviation for continuous variables. The test of association was by Chi square and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Mean age of participants was 37.6 (7.4) years and most, 146(46.2%) were aged 30-39 years. One hundred and sixty-eight (53.2%) of the participants had IPV. The most reported form of IPV was physical 92(54.7%) while emotional and sexual accounted for 59 (35.1%) and 17 (10.2%) respectively. Two hundred and seventeen (69.0%) had disclosed their status to their partner and 69(21.9%) of their partners were HIV positive. The participants' perspectives about IPV were appropriate. There was a statistically significant association between non-disclosure of HIV status and increased prevalence of IPV (p<0.005). The study observed that there is high prevalence of IPV among WLHIV, especially where there is non-disclosure of HIV status to partner. There is need to encourage disclosure of HIV status to partners and more public enlightenment to reduce IPV.
Knowledge of emergency contraception and predictors of its use among female undergraduates in two Nigerian universities.
(Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria., 2022) Ogunbode, O.O.; Takpe, R.; Adeniyi, A.; Ogunbode, A. M.; Agboola, A.
Background: Unintended pregnancies contribute to the high burden of unsafe abortion, maternal deaths and morbidities among undergraduates. Objective: To assess the determinants of good knowledge and evaluate the trends in the practice of Emergency Contraception (EC) among female undergraduates. Method: This was a cross sectional study involving four hundred and twenty female undergraduates from two universities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants were recruited from their hostels and classrooms. Data collection was done using self-administered questionnaires and good knowledge was defined as three correct answers to five questions testing knowledge. The questionnaires also addressed their practices of EC. The data was stored on the computer, cleaned and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: Two hundred and fourteen (51.0%) participants were aware of EC and the common sources were friends (43.4%), media (42.9%) and pharmacies (42.0%). One hundred and sixty-four participants (39.1%) had good knowledge of EC. Participants in the age group 20-24 years, second year of study, those who were aware of EC and had ever used EC were associated with good knowledge. Less than half (48%) of the sexually active participants used EC in the past six months and Levonogestrel (51%) was the commonest EC used. Menstrual irregularity and abdominal pain were the major side effects of EC. Conclusion: The practice of EC is poor and with poor knowledge demonstrated among female undergraduates. There is therefore the need to improve information and access to EC in the university community.
Knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and barriers to seeking health services among commercial sex workers in Ibadan North LGA, Ibadan, Oyo State.
(Journal Gurus, 2023) Nwaorgu, C.M.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Arowojolu, A.O.
Background: Sexually transmitted infections is an important epidemic of public health significance, especially among female commercial sex workers (FCSW), due to its associated symptoms and complications. Objectives: To determine knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the health seeking behaviour among FCSW in Ibadan North Local Government Area (LGA). Method: A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires distributed to 131 FCSW in Ibadan North LGA by trained research personnel. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics and tests of associations were done, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine respondents (98.5%) were aware of STIs and the majority (69.8%) got their information from hospitals and health workers. Only 43 respondents (36.8%) had good health seeking behaviour. Associations with good health seeking behaviours were being in the age group 18-25 years (p<0.001), single (p<0.001), non-Christian religion (p<0.001), having secondary level of education (p<0.001), combining sex worker with trading (p<0.001). and work experience as a FCSW of less than 5 years (p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that respondents with less than junior secondary education were 16 times less likely to have good health seeking behaviour (OR=0.062; 95%CI=0.004-0.992) while those who were both sex workers and traders were about 37 times more likely to have good health seeking (OR=37.250; 95%CI=6.006-231.039). Conclusion: This study revealed that the health seeking behavior of FCSW in Ibadan is poor and most resort to self-medication. Therefore, there is need to develop interventions that will help them in accessing affordable health facility when necessary.
Knowledge, attitude and readiness to use contraceptives among postpartum women at a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria
(Zambia Medical Association, 2023) Olukunle, T.A; Ogunbode, O.O.; Abdus-salam, A.A.
Background: Postpartum family planning is vital in the prevention of unintended pregnancy and closely spaced pregnancies in the first year post-delivery. This study was designed to examine the postpartum women's knowledge, attitude, belief and readiness to contraceptive use. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred and ninety-four consenting women, six weeks post-delivery, at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria using an interviewer-assisted structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM Statistics for Windows Version 23.0. Tests of association was done using chi-square and statistical significance was set at p-value of < 0.05. Results: Many of the respondents (60.8%) were in the age group 30-39 years and the majority (90.3%) had tertiary level of education. Most of the respondents got their information from health talks at antenatal clinic (42.8%) and health workers (42.3%).The majority (82.5%) of respondents were aware of contraception and 157(80.9%) intended to use contraceptives. The most preferred contraceptive methods were implants (19.1%). Respondents with three or more children alive(p=0.001), had statistically significant associations with prior use of contraception while those with the tertiary level of education(p=0.001), of the Christian religion (p=<0.001) and had contraceptive counselling during pregnancy (p=0.031)had statistically significant associations with good knowledge of contraception. Conclusion: The knowledge and readiness to use contraceptives was high but only about half were willing to adopt contraception post-delivery. There is therefore the need for the enactment of government policy and legislation that will ensure wide coverage and availability of contraception counselling among pregnant women.
Male involvement and factors influencing choice of contraception among market traders in an urban city in Southwest Nigeria
(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2024) Fakorede, E.O.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Ogunbode, A.M.; Okunlola, M.A.
The study assessed the determinants of contraceptive choice and use as well as to examine the perceived impact of male involvement in contraception among market traders. A mixed method cross-sectional study conducted among 489 traders in four Local Government areas in Ibadan, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers and in-depth interviews with multi-staged sampling technique. The mean age of participants was 36.1 +8.4 years, with mean parity of 3.8± 1.5. Female traders represented 49.3% (241) while 50.7% (248) were males. Most, two hundred and twenty participants (45.0%) were from Bodija market. Majority (84.1%) were married and consisted mostly of Yoruba (92.4%) ethnic group. Awareness of contraception was high (89.9%) and the most common source was the health facility (366; 74.9%), however, only 41.1% were using modern contraception. Ease of use was the primary determining factor (48.2%) while partner's refusal (28.1%) was the major reason against use of contraception. Among the female participants, 119 (49.4%) stated that their partner had stopped them from using contraceptives in the past and 124(51.1%) reported positive male involvement and support for contraceptive use. There was high level of awareness of contraception, yet uptake and utilization are low. Also, men play a significant role in determining choice so there is need for health education on family planning targeted towards men.
Reproductive health challenges among women in internally displaced camps in Benue State: a protocol for a community-based health education interventional study.
(Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC), 2023-10) Ngwibete, A.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Omigbodun, A. O.
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services are a necessity for marginalized persons such as the displaced. The protocol describes an intervention that can contribute to overcoming challenges associated with SRH service delivery of three selected reproductive health (RH) services: HIV/AIDS, contraception, and cervical cancer screening. A pre-and post-intervention approach will be used to evaluate the effect of an intervention with trained Community-Based Reproductive Health Personnel (CBRHP) and/or mHealth technology within the selected IDP camps. Three (3) months of health education through the CBRHP and/or via mHealth technology will be provided. Using a questionnaire, interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guide, the researcher will assess the suitability of this intervention to attain the objectives. Data analysis will be done with SPSS version 26. Univariate analysis will include mean and standard deviation, bivariate analysis will include a chi-square test of goodness for the association of variables, and McNemer’s test to evaluate the effect of the intervention by comparing consistency in response across the variables under study. Multivariate analysis will be used to assess if sociodemographic, knowledge and health service impacts access and use of RH services. For qualitative analysis, findings will be grouped into themes. The outcomes of each theme will be used to complement the findings of the quantitative analysis. The primary outcome measures will include the level of knowledge of SRH, the number of people who want to access RH services and which RH services are most sought by the respondents. If the use of CBRHP is successful, there will be an increase in knowledge and use of HIV/AIDS, contraception and cervical cancer services. Challenges associated with access and uptake of RH services will also be assessed. (Afr J Reprod Health 2023; 27 [10]: 133-144).
Serum levels of vitamin D in male partners of women with infertility in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.
(College of Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., 2023-01) Bamgboye, A. E.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Arowojolu, A.O
Globally infertility affects 8-12% of couples, with male and female causes contributing equally. Micronutrient's deficiency such as vitamin D has been implicated as a cause of infertility in animal studies, there is therefore the need to evaluate its role in humans. This study determined serum levels of vitamin D in males who were partners of patients presenting with infertility. This was a prospective cross- sectional study involving 170 consenting male partners of women presenting with infertility at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. A structured questionnaire was administered while blood sample and semen were collected for serum vitamin D assay and seminal fluid analysis (SFA) analysis. The data was entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and statistical significance was set at less than 5%. Eighty-four (49.4%) participants had at least one abnormal parameter on SFA. The mean vitamin D level was higher in participants with normal SFA (34.4+12.6ng/ml) compared with abnormal SFA (32.8 + 15ng/ml). None of the participants had vitamin D deficiency, however the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among participants with abnormal and normal SFA was 62.5 % and 37.5% and this was statistically significant. (p = 0.01). Sperm progressive motility was the only SFA parameter associated with serum Vitamin D levels. (p-value = 0.03). This study showed that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with male infertility, therefore it may be added as an investigation for men with infertility and Vitamin D supplement be given where insufficiency or deficiency are noted.