Browsing by Author "Ogunwole, O. A."

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Assessment of Thevetia neriifolia Juss. Toxicity as a Rodenticide in Wistar Rats
(Macrothink Institute, 2022) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Adebiyi, G. F.; Fashola, E. I.; Gbemibade, T. A; Ogunwole, O. A.
Problems of rodents cannot be over underlined as a household and agricultural pest, damaging the crops on the field and stored produce thereby reducing qualities of produce. Controlling rodents using physical, biological and chemical methods have resulted in a slow rate success, several dangers on humans, animals and environment, hence they are discouraged. Thevetia neriifolia has been found to be a rich source of pesticide substance that could be used in crop protection; thus, its powdered form could be used as a baseline for potential natural rodenticide bait. The rodenticide capability of Thevetia neriifolia was evaluated using 50 female Wistar rats weighing 80±10 g which were acclimatized for seven days. The rats were allotted to ten treatments, each replicated five times. There was a Standard Reference Feed (diet) (SRF). The test samples were milled (with 2 mm sieve) sun-dried seed (SS), sun-dried leaf (SL) and sun-dried stem bark (SB). Each sample was incorporated at 15%, 30% and 45% into the reference diets. The allotments were in a completely randomized design. Experimental rats were fed with separate diets and supplied water ad-libitum for seven days. Results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in all the parameters. Rats on SS and SB at 45% inclusion levels had the lowest body weight reduction. Also, the lowest feed intake was observed in rats fed 45% SS, while those on 15% SL and SRF had the highest feed intake. Packed cell volume and hemoglobin were the only hematological parameters that differed significantly (p<0.05) at 15% and 45% SL inclusion levels. The serum biochemical parameters were not affected by the treatments (p>0.05). Organ sections (livers, hearts and kidneys) showed moderate congestion of sinusoids, multiple foci of mononuclear cells and congestion of renal blood vessels of rats on 45% SS inclusion level. No mortality or abnormal behavioural changes were observed among animals on SRF. Varying dietary inclusion levels of test samples resulted in rat mortalities which was attributed to cardiac glycosides. Rats on 45% SS died faster within 96 hours than those on corresponding inclusion levels of SB and SL which died after 216 hours. Therefore, Thevetia neriifolia has rodenticide capability and could be used as baits for rats.
Effects of dietary acidifier-based diet on haematology and serum biochemical indices of broilers
(2009-07) Ogunwole, O. A.; Abu, O. A.; Sokunbi, O. A.; Asiruwa, P. O.
A trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Biotronics SE® supplementation on haematological and serum parameters of broilers. A total of 120 1-day old Marshall broilers were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments using completely randomized design. Chicks in treatment 1 were fed basal diet (control) while those on treatments 2, 3 and 4 were given basal deits supplemented with 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl only; 0.3% Biotronics SE® only and 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl + 0.3% Biotronics SE®, respectively. Each treatment was a duplicate of fifteen chicks per replicate. The diets were formulated to contain 3000 Kcal/kg ME and crude protein of 23% (Starter) and 20% (finishers). Variations in values obtained for haemoglobin (g/dl) (9.28, 9.69. 10.04 and 10.15) and Mean Cell Volume (MCV) (fl) (107.02, 109.38, 125.43 and 118.31) for birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4., respectively were significantly (p<0.05) different while other haematological parameters measured in both phases were similar (p>0.05). The serum triglycerides (mg/dl)(23.19. 19.29, 23.93 and 19.01) and VLDL (mg/dl) (4.63, 3.85, 5.78 and 3.80) for the Starter birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively were affected by dietary acidifier inclusion. The serum total proteins and Cholesterol also varied significantly for finishers birds. Generally, most serum indices measured declined in values at the finishers phase compared with corresponding values for Starter. All measured indices were within normal physiological ranges. This study revealed Biotronics SE as a suitable alternative growth promoter for the production of meat type chickens.
Evaluation of the Effects of Drying Methods on Phytochemicals in Thevetia neriifolia Parts as a Potential Rodenticide.
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2017) Fayinminnu, O. O.; Ogunwole, O. A.; Gbemilade, T. A.
Synthetic rodenticides are effective and rapid in controlling rats; however, they are toxic to nontarget species including humans, as well as the environment. Thevetia neriifolia (Pers.) K. Schum different parts however, reportedly have toxic effects on rodents. Effects of fresh, air and sun-drying methods on phyto-constituents of flowers, leaves, root, seed and stem bark and its potentiality in the control of rodents were therefore, investigated in this study. Analyses showed the presence of free agyclones: Thevetin A (1.88 mg/g) and B (1.64 mg/g), cardiac glycosides (1.49 mg/g), alkaloid (1.36%) and digitoxin (1.32 mg/g) in highest concentrations. Phenols (6.90x10-2 mg/g), (2.21x 10-2 mg/g) from flavonoids, Tannins (1.13x10-2 mg/g) and steroids (6.70x10-3 mg/g) were in moderate concentrations while antraquinone (0.70x10-3 mg/g) was the lowest. Antraquinone was also not detected in flower parts. Sun-dried parts had highest concentrations of Thevetin A(1.47 mg/g), cardiac glycosides (1.39 mg/g) and Thevetin B (1.27 mg/g), followed by air–drying for cardiac glycoside (1.33 mg/g) and Thevetin A. fresh for Thevetins A (1.25 mg/g), and B (1.10 mg/g), and cardiac glycoside (0.93 mg/g) and tannins, respectively while antraquinone and terpenes were undetected. Higher phytochemicals content were in leaf followed by stem bark, then air-drying due to interaction of sun-drying methods and parts of plant. Free aglycones, Thevetins A and B, cardiac glycosides, digitoxin, oleadrin, tannins, phenols and steroids in Thevetia neriifolia plant parts were not affected by different drying methods. Therefore, the relatively high cardiac glycosides and free aglycone in different parts of Thevetia neriifolia may be exploited for natural rodenticidal purpose.
Growth and carcass characteristics of finishing broilers on acidified blood meal based diet
(2013-01) Abu, O. A.; Ogunwole, O. A.; Adedeji, B. S.; Adeboboye, A. V. K.; Tewe, O. O.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion of acidifer in a blood meal based diet on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. One hundred and eighty un-sexed 4-week old broiler chicks raised on a common Starter diet were randomly distributed into four experimental diets of 3 replicates and fifteen birds per replicate consisting of a control diet devoid of blood meal and acidifier (T1). Birds on treatment 2 (T2), in addition to common ingredients, had blood meal and acidifier; birds on treatment 3 (T3) had blood meal without acidifer and birds on treatment 4 (T4) had acidifier without blood meal. The birds were fed respective diets and watered ad libitum for four weeks. Daily feed intake was not significantly (p> 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. However, birds on treatment 3 had the poorest average daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The addition of acidifier to diet containing blood meal however alleviated depressed daily body weight. The final body weights were 1.78, 1.74, 1.53 and 1.71 kg for birds on diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Carcass yield expressed in percent live body weight were not significantly (p< 0.05) affected. The inclusion of blood meal in the diet without the addition of acidifier caused a mortality of 22% in the chickens and that addition of acidifier at 0.3% improved the growth performance and livability of chickens.
Performance and tibia characteristics of chickens fed cassava chips supplemented with Dl-methionine
(Sciencedomain International, 2016) Ologhobo, A. D.; Etop, S.; Ogunwole, O. A.; Adeyemo, G. O.; Adejumo, I. O.; Adeoye, D.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of cassava chips and DL-methionine supplementation on performance and tibia bone characteristics of broiler chickens. Broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 treatments in a 4x5 factorial arrangement with 5 dietary levels of cassava chips (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 corn replacement) and 4 dietary levels of DL-methionine supplementation (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% i.e. 0, ½ NRC, NRC and double NRC 1994 recommended levels). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. At starter phase, birds on cassava chips-based diets had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight gain (BWG) than the control. Those on 25% cassava chip-based diet compared well with the control. Methionine supplement improved BWG at both starter and finisher phases; Cassava chips supplemented with DL-methionine can replace corn 100.00% in broiler chickens diet.