Browsing by Author "Ojo, A."

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Data resource profile: Cardiovascular H3Africa Innovation Resource (CHAIR)
(Oxford University Press, 2018-12) Owolabi, M. O.; Onoja, M. A.; Made, F.; Adebamowo, S. N.; Ojo, A.; Dwomoa, A.; Motala, A. A.; Bongani, M.M.; Ovbiagele, B.; Adebamowo, C.; Bamidele, T.; Rotimi, C.; Akinyemi, R.; Gebregziabher, M.; Sarfo, F.; Wahab, K. W.; Parekh, R. S.; Engel, M. E.; Chisala, C.; Peprah, E.; Mensah, G.; Wiley, K.; Troyer, J.; Miche` le, R.
Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) constitute the majority of the world’s population and bear more than 80% of the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD).1,2 The recent increases in CVD globally are also reflected in LMIC, where the prevalence of overall deaths from CVD was 28% in 20013 and premature CVD mortality was 37% in 2015.4 The paucity of data regarding the drivers of the CVD epidemic and contextualized solutions is, in part, because less than 10% of the global research resources and facilities for implementation are found in LMIC.5,6 Therefore LMIC are particularly disadvantaged in dealing with the CVD burden with...
Development of english to yoruba machine translator, using syntax-based model
(2020-06) Ojo, A.; Obe, O.; Adebayo, A.; Oladunjoye, M.
Machine translators are required to produce the best possible translation without human assistance. Every machine translator requires programs, automated dictionaries, and grammars to support translation. Studies have shown that the fluency of machine translators depends on the approach or model adopted for their respective developments. Machine translators do not simply involve substituting words in one language for another, but the application of complex linguistic knowledge to decode the contextual meaning of the source text in its entirety. Approaches to machine translators are divided into a single and hybrid approach. In the aim to improve on translation quality of existing English to Yoruba language translator systems, this paper adopts a syntax-based hybrid approach for translating sentences. The grammar for translation is designed and tested with Joshua (an open-source natural language toolkit). The procedure includes data collection, data preparation, data preprocessing, parsing, training of translation model, extract grammar rule, implement grammar, evaluate translations using bilingual evaluation understudy metrics. This paper discusses the translation quality of machine translators (precisely phrase-based and syntax-based) in both tabular and graphical representations. It was observed that a syntax-based translator seemly has higher translation quality than phrase-based.
Genomic approaches to the burden of kidney disease in sub-saharan africa: the human heredity and health in africa
(2016) Osafo, C.; Raji, Y.; Olanrewaju, T.; Mamven, M.; Arogundade, F.; Ajayi, S.; Ulasi, I.; Salako, B.; Plange-Rhule, J.; Mengistu, Y.; Mc’Ligeyo, S.O.; Moturi, G.; Winkler, C.A.; Moxey-Mims, M.M.; Rasooly, R.S.; Kimmel, P.; Adu, D.; Ojo, A.; Parekh, R.S.
Genomic approaches to the burden of kidney disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) kidney disease research network
(International Society of Nephrology., 2016) Osafo, C.; Raji, Y. R.; Olanrewaju, T.; Mamven, M.; Arogundade, F.; Ajayi, S.; Ulasi, I.; Salako, B.; Plange-Rhule, J.; Mengistu, Y.; Mc’Ligeyo, S. O.; Moturi, G.; Winkler, C. A.; Moxey-Mims, M. M.; Rasooly, R. S.; Kimmel, P.; Adu, D.; Ojo, A.; Parekh, R. S.; Ademola, A. D.
H3Africa partnerships to empower clinical research sites to generate high-quality biological samples
(2020) Croxton, T.; Agala, N.; Jonathan, E.; Balogun, O.; Ozumba, P.J.; Onyemata, E.; Onyemata, E.; Lawal, S.; Mamven, M.; Ajayi, S.; Melikam, S.E.; Owolabi, M.; Ovbiagele, B.; Adu, D.; Ojo, A.; Beiswanger, C.M.; Abimiku, A.
Background: The Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) – Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Biorepository (I-HAB) seeks to provide high-quality biospecimens for research. This depends on the ability of clinical research sites (CRS) – who provide biospecimens – to operate according to well-established industry standards. Yet, standards are often neglected at CRSs located in Africa. Here, I-HAB reports on its four-pronged approach to empower CRSs to prepare high-quality biospecimens for research. Objectives: I-HAB sought (1) to assess a four-pronged approach to improve biobanking practices and sample quality among CRSs, and (2) to build human capacity. Methods: I-HAB partnered with two H3Africa principal investigators located in Nigeria and Ghana from August 2013 through to May 2017 to debut its four-pronged approach (needs assessment, training and mentorship, pilot, and continuous quality improvement) to empower CRSs to attain high-quality biospecimens. Results: Close collaborations were instrumental in establishing mutually beneficial and lasting relationships. Improvements during the 12 months of engagement with CRSs involved personnel, procedural, and supply upgrades. In total, 51 staff were trained in over 20 topics. During the pilot, CRSs extracted 50 DNA biospecimens from whole blood and performed quality control. The CRSs shipped extracted DNA to I-HAB and I-HAB that comparatively analysed the DNA. Remediation was achieved via recommendations, training, and mentorship. Preanalytical, analytical and post-analytical processes, standard operating procedures, and workflows were systematically developed. Conclusion: Partnerships between I-HAB and H3Africa CRSs enabled research sites to produce high-quality biospecimens through needs
HIV Viremia Is associated With APOL1 Variants and Reduced JC-Viruria
(Frontiers Media SA, 2021) Kruzel-Davila, E.; Sankofi, B. M.; Amos-Abanyie, E. K.; Ghansah, A.; Nyarko, A.; Agyemang, S.; Awandare, G. A.; Szwarcwort-Cohen, M.; Reiner-Benaim, A.; Hijazi, B.; Ulasi, I.; Raji, Y. R.; Boima, V.; Osafo, C.; Adabayeri, V. M.; Matekole, M.; Olanrewaju, T. O.; Ajayi, S.; Mamven, M.; Antwi, S. |; Ademola, A. D.; Plange-Rhule, J.; Arogundade, F. A.; Akyaw, P. A.; Winkler, C. A.; Salako, B. L.; Ojo, A.; Skorecki, K.; Adu, D.
Variants in the Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene (G1-rs60910145, rs73885319, G2-rs71785313) are common in Africans and in individuals of recent African ancestry and are associated with an increased risk of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in particular of HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN). In light of the significantly increased risk of HIVAN in carriers of two APOL1 risk alleles, a role in HIV infectivity has been postulated in the mechanism of APOL1 associated kidney disease. Herein, we aim to explore the association between HIV viremia and APOL1 genotype. In addition, we investigated interaction between BK and JC viruria, CKD and HIV viremia. A total of 199 persons living with HIV/AIDS (comprising 82 CKD cases and 117 controls) from among the participants in the ongoing Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Kidney Disease Research Network case control study have been recruited. The two APOL1 renal risk alleles (RRA) genotypes were associated with a higher risk of CKD (OR 12.6, 95% CI 3.89–40.8, p < 0.0001). Even a single APOL1 RRA was associated with CKD risk (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.49–13.15, p = 0.007). The 2 APOL1 RRA genotypes were associated with an increased probability of having HIV viremia (OR 2.37 95% CI 1.0–5.63, p = 0.05). HIV viremia was associated with increased CKD risk (OR 7.45, 95% CI 1.66–33.35, P = 0.009) and with a significant reduction of JC virus urine shedding (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.98, p = 0.046). In contrast to prior studies, JC viruria was not associated with CKD but was restricted in patients with HIV viremia, regardless of CKD status. These findings suggest a role of APOL1 variants in HIV infectivity and emphasize that JC viruria can serve as biomarker for innate immune system activation.
Human heredity and Health (H3) in Africa kidney disease research network: a focus on methods in Sub-Saharan Africa
(American Society of Nephrology, 2015) Osafo, C.; Raji, Y. R.; Burke, D.; Bamidele, O. T.; Tiffin,N.; Moxey-Mims, M. M.; Rasooly, R. S.; Kimmel, P. L.; Ojo, A.; Adu, D.; Parekh, R. S.; Ademola, A. D.
CKD affects an estimated 14% of adults in sub-Saharan Africa, but very little research has been done on the cause, progression, and prevention of CKD there. As part of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Consortium, the H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Network was established to study prevalent forms of kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa and increase the capacity for genetics and genomics research. The study is performing comprehensive phenotypic characterization and analyzing environmental and genetic factors from nine clinical centers in four African countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Kenya) over a 5-year period. Approximately 4000 participants with specified kidney disease diagnoses and 4000 control participants will be enrolled in the four African countries. In addition, approximately 50 families with hereditary glomerular disease will be enrolled. The study includes both pediatric and adult participants age <1 to 74 years across a broad spectrum of kidney diseases secondary to hypertension-attributed nephropathy, diabetes, HIV infection, sickle cell disease, biopsy-proven glomerular disease, and CKD of unknown origin. Clinical and demographic data with biospecimens are collected to assess clinical, biochemical, and genetic markers of kidney disease. As of March 2015, a total of 3499 patients and controls have been recruited and 1897 had complete entry data for analysis. Slightly more than half (50.2%) of the cohort is female. Initial quality control of clinical data collection and of biosample and DNA analysis is satisfactory, demonstrating that a clinical research infrastructure can be successfully established in Africa. This study will provide clinical, biochemical, and genotypic data that will greatly increase the understanding of CKD in sub-Saharan Africa.
Human heredity and health (h3) in africa kidney disease research network: a focus on methods in sub-saharan africa.
(2015) Osafo, C.; Raji, Y.R.; Rasooly, R.S.; Kimmel, P.L.; Burke, D.; Tayo, B.O.; Tiffin, N.; Ojo, A.; Adu, D.; Parekh, S.; Moxey-Mims, M.M
CKD affects an estimated 14% of adults in sub-Saharan Africa, but very little research has been done on the cause, progression, and prevention of CKD there. As part of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Consortium, the H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Network was established to study prevalent forms of kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa and increase the capacity for genetics and genomics research. The study is performing comprehensive phenotypic characterization and analyzing environmental and genetic factors from nine clinical centers in four African countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Kenya) over a 5-year period. Approximately 4000 participants with specified kidney disease diagnoses and 4000 control participants will be enrolled in the four African countries. In addition, approximately 50 families with hereditary glomerular disease will be enrolled. The study includes both pediatric and adult participants age.
Leveraging user session for personalized e- commerce recommendation
(2024-07) Onibonoje, S.; Ojo, A.
The advent of the internet has propelled many shopping activities online, leading to the rapid growth of e- commerce. This shift has revolutionized the shopping experience, offering unparalleled convenience with anytime, anywhere access via computers and internet connectivity. Moreover, the vast array of easily accessible choices empowers buyers to make well-informed decisions. Numerous websites have emerged to provide e-commerce services, catering either as a complement to physical stores or as standalone businesses. However, the abundance of offerings often leads to information overload for buyers, making product searches time-consuming and frustrating. Personalized e-commerce recommendations alleviate this challenge by guiding users to relevant products swiftly, enhancing the overall shopping experience and ultimately boosting product sales. The study focuses on creating a session-based recommendation system for e-commerce websites, leveraging Recurrent Neural Networks with LSTM architectures to analyze sequential user behavior and browsing context for personalized product recommendations. The research methodology encompasses data collection and preprocessing, where data was splitted into training, testing and validation set. The model was efficiency was evaluated using precision, recall and mean reciprocal rank with the result showing considerable promise for recommendation. This research makes a substantial contribution by suggesting tailored options, users are more likely to find suitable products, leading to increased satisfaction and repeat purchases, thereby benefiting e-commerce platforms.
Regional Patterns and Association between Obesity and Hypertension in Africa evidence from the H3 Africa CHAIR Study
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2020) Akpa, O. M.; Made, F.; Ojo, A.; Ovbiagele, B.; Adu, D.; Motala, A. A.; Mayosi, B. M.; Adebamowo, S. N.; Engel, M. E.; Tayo, B.; Rotimi, C.; Salako, B.; Akinyemi, R.; Gebregziabher, M.; Sarfo, F.; Wahab, K.; Agongo, G.; Alberts, M.
Abstract—Hypertension and obesity are the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, but their association is not well characterized in Africa. We investigated regional patterns and association of obesity with hypertension among 30044 continental Africans. We harmonized data on hypertension (defined as previous diagnosis/ use of antihypertensive drugs or blood pressure [BP]≥140/90 mmHg/BP≥130/80 mmHg) and obesity from 30 044 individuals in the Cardiovascular H3Africa Innovation Resource across 13 African countries. We analyzed data from population-based controls and the Entire Harmonized Dataset. Age-adjusted and crude proportions of hypertension were compared regionally, across sex, and between hypertension definitions. Logit generalized estimating equation was used to determine the independent association of obesity with hypertension (P value<5%)Participants were 56% women; with mean age 48.5±12.0 years. Crude proportions of hypertension (at BP≥140/90 mmHg) were 47.9% (95% CI, 47.4–48.5) for Entire Harmonized Dataset and 42.0% (41.1–42.7) for population-based controls and were significantly higher for the 130/80 mmHg threshold at 59.3% (58.7–59.9) in population-based controls. The age-adjusted proportion of hypertension at BP≥140/90 mmHg was the highest among men (33.8% [32.1–35.6]), in western Africa (34.7% [33.3–36.2]), and in obese individuals (43.6%; 40.3–47.2). Obesity was independently associated with hypertension in population-based controls (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5 [2.3–2.7]) and odds of hypertension in obesity increased with increasing age from 2.0 (1.7–2.3) in younger age to 8.8 (7.4–10.3) in older age. Hypertension is common across multiple countries in Africa with 11.9% to 51.7% having BP≥140/90 mmHg and 39.5% to 69.4% with BP≥130/80 mmHg. Obese Africans were more than twice as likely to be hypertensive and the odds increased with increasing age. (Hypertension. 2020;75:00-00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14147.)
Self-reported sleep disorder and ambulatory blood pressure Phenotypes in patients with or without chronic kidney disease: findings from Ibadan CRECKID study.
(2019) Ajayi, S.O.; Adeoye, A.M.; Raji, Y.R.; Tayo, B.; Salako, B.L.; Ogunniyi, A.; Ojo, A.; Cooper, R.
ed the relationship between self-reported sleep disorders, and ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes in patients with hypertension and those with or without CKD. METHODS: Participants aged 18 years and above who consented were recruited into the study. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were obtained, Office/clinic hypertension was defined as SBP ≥140mmHg and/or DBP ≥90mmHg or being on pharmacological treatment for hypertension. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were done. Obstructive sleep apnea was assessed using Stop Bang questionnaire. Estimated GFR was calculated using CKD-EPI Creatinine 2 Equation and CKD was defined as eGFR 60ml/min?1.73m2 Results: A total of three hundred and forty-nine (349) patients were enrolled for the study: 175 males and 174 females. Moderate to severe risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was observed in 51.4% of patients with CKD, 58.5% of hypertensive and 17.3% of apparently healthy participants. Male participants were more likely than female patients to have moderate and high OSA risk (41.7% vs 32.8%) and (10.3% vs 4.6%) respectively. Compared with other groups, CKD patients had the highest office and ambulatory blood pressure parameters; Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that obstructive sleep apnoea is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Furthermore, the phenotypes of hypertension are accentuated in CKD and therefore, OSA may well be an important risk factor for CKD.
Unraveling the ethical, legal, and social implications of neurobiobanking and stroke genomic research in Africa: a studyprotocol of the African neurobiobankfor precision stroke medicine ELSI project
(Sage Publications, 2020) Akinyemi, R. O.; Jenkins, C.; Nichols, M.; Singh, A.; Wahab, K.; Akpalu, A.; Sarfo, F. S.; Owolabi, L. F.; Obiako, R.; Akinyemi, J.; Ojebuyi, B.; Adigun, M.; Musbahu, R.; Bello, A.; Titiloye, M.; Calys-Tagoe, B.; Ogunronbi, M.; Uvere, E.; Laryea, R.; Fakunle, A.; Adeleye, O.; Olorunsogbon, O.; Ojo, A.; Adesina, D.; Mensah, N.; Oguike, W.; Coleman, N.; Mande, A.; Uthman, M.; Kalaria, R. N.; Jegede, A.; Owolabi, M.; Ovbiagele, B.; Arulogun, O.
The ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of emerging neurobiobanks and data resources are unclear in an African scientific landscape with unique cultural, linguistic, and belief systems. The overarching goal of the African Neurobiobank for Precision Stroke Medicine–—ELSI Project is to identify, examine, and develop novel approaches to address ELSI issues of biobanking and stroke genomic research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To accomplish the goal we will (1) explore knowledge, attitude, perceptions, barriers, and facilitators influencing ELSI issues related to biobanking and stroke genomic research; (2) use information obtained to craft a community intervention program focused on ELSI issues; and (3) build capacity and careers related to genomics and biobanking for effective client/community engagement while enhancing regulatory, governance, and implementation competences in biobanking science in SSA. A community-based participatory research and mixed-methodological approach, focused on various levels of the social ecological model, will be used to identify and examine relevant ELSI issues. Contextual intervention tools, platforms, and practices will be developed to enhance community understanding and participation in stroke biobanking and genomics research activities while facilitating enduring trust, and equitable and fair utilization of biobanking resources for genetic and trans-omics research. A concurrent capacity building program related to genetic counseling and biobanking will be implemented for early career researchers. The huge potential for neurobiobanking and genomics research in Africa to advance precision medicine applicable to stroke and other neurological disorders requires addressing ELSI challenges while building sustainable research, career, and regulatory capacities in trans-omics and biobanking science.