Browsing by Author "Okunade, O. A."

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Effect of tranexamic acid on coagulation and fibrinolysis in women with postpartum haemorrhage (WOMAN-ETAC): a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
(The Wellcome Trust, 2018) Shakur-Still, H.; Roberts, I.; Fawole, B.; Kuti, M.; Olayemi, O. O.; Bello, A.; Huque, S.; Ogunbode, O.; Kotila, T.|; Aimakhu, C.; Okunade, O. A.; Olutogun, T.; Adetayo, C. O.; Dallaku, K.; Mansmann, U.; Hunt, B. J.; Pepple, T.; Balogun, E.
Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal death. The WOMAN trial showed that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces death due to bleeding in women with PPH. We evaluated the effect of TXA on fibrinolysis and coagulation in a sample of WOMAN trial participants. Methods: Adult women with a clinical diagnosis of PPH were randomised to receive 1 g TXA or matching placebo in the WOMAN trial. Participants in the WOMAN trial at University College Hospital (Ibadan, Nigeria) also had venous blood taken just before administration of the first dose of trial treatment and again 30 (±15) min after the first dose (the ETAC study). We aimed to determine the effects of TXA on fibrinolysis (D-dimer and rotational thromboelastometry maximum clot lysis (ML)) and coagulation (international normalized ratio and clot amplitude at 5 min). We compared outcomes in women receiving TXA and placebo using linear regression, adjusting for baseline measurements. Results: Women (n=167) were randomised to receive TXA (n=83) or matching placebo (n=84). Due to missing data, seven women were excluded from analysis. The mean (SD) D-dimer concentration was 7.1 (7.0) mg/l in TXA-treated women and 9.6 (8.6) mg/l in placebo-treated women (p=0.09). After adjusting for baseline, the D-dimer concentration was 2.16 mg/l lower in TXA-treated women (-2.16, 95% CI -4.31 to 0.00, p=0.05). There was no significant difference in ML between TXA- and placebo-treated women (12.3% (18.4) and 10.7% (12.6), respectively; p=0.52) and no significant difference after adjusting for baseline ML (1.02, 95% CI -3.72 to 5.77, p=0.67). There were no significant effects of TXA on any other parameters. Conclusion: TXA treatment was associated with reduced D-dimer levels but had no apparent effects on thromboelastometry parameters or coagulation tests.
First Report and Prevalence of Sessile Ciliate (Vorticella sp.) in cultured Clarias gariepinus in Nigeria
(the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), 2021) Okunade, O. A.; Ajani E. K.; Adejinmi J. O.; Oladosu G. A.
Fish parasites commonly cause portal for secondary infections, hindering high productivity leading to economic loss in fish production. Protozoan parasites are a significant group of pathogens affecting cultured fish. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of parasites infecting different stages of cultured Clarias gariepinus in Lagos State. A total of 487 cultured Clarias gariepinus were collected randomly from different culture facilities in culture systems and parasitological examinations were conducted on them. Identification keys with morphometric criteria were used to identify Vorticella sp from other sessile ciliates. Vorticella sp. was observed on the skin and intestine. It was found in all the culture systems and developmental stages. The highest prevalence for Vorticella sp. was found on adult skin (12.84%) and intestines (3.85 %). The mean intensity of Vorticella sp. was highest on fingerlings skin (23.88) and juvenile intestine (16). The mean water parameters showed a suitable range for their survival. This study is the first report of this sessile ciliate in Nigeria, indicating that more parasites are yet undiscovered in aquaculture.
Prevalence of Monogenea Trematodes in different developmental stages of Clarias gariepinus in Delta State, Nigeria
(Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 2018) Okunade, O. A.; Oladosu, G. A.; Adeogun, O. A.; Akinwale, M. M. A.; Akintayo, I. A.; Peters, O. S.; Odusanya, A. F.
Monogenea trematodes are ectoparasitic worms of numerous species including the two super-genera (Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus). They infect freshwater organisms, primarily fishes. They are harmless at low infestation, but heavy infestations cause wounds and gills hypertrophy which compromises respiratory functions. Out of 231 fish examined in this study, a total of 72 specimens were infected with an overall prevalence of monogenea trematodes infections of 31.17%. Dactylogyrus sp. was recorded in juveniles, post juveniles, and adults with a total prevalence of 23.6% No Dactylogyrus sp. was found in fry and fingerlings. The total prevalence of 76.39% was recorded for Gyrodactylus sp across all stages. Gyrodactylus sp. infected the gills of all the stages in different frequencies, juvenile recorded the highest and fry the least. Dactylogyrus sp were found more on the skin of adult Clarias gariepinus than the gill. The water quality parameters recorded were pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, water and atmospheric temperatures.