Browsing by Author "Olu-Owolabi, B. I."

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    Intra and Extra-granular Disintegrant Properties of Modified Underutilised Red Lima Bean Starch in Paracetamol Tablet Formulation
    (Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2020) Okekunle, M. O.; |Akin-Ajani, O. D.; Ekpukpon, B. L.; Odeku, O. A.; Olu-Owolabi, B. I.; Adebowale, K.O
    Red lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus Linn) Family Fabaceae, has been modified by succinylation and annealing, and used as intra- and extra-granular disintegrants at concentrations of 5 and 10 %w/w in paracetamol tablet formulation in comparison with corn starch BP. The starches were characterised using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, proximate analysis, physicochemical and functional properties. FT-IR spectrometry revealed characteristic peaks at 1575.53 and 1713.99 cm-1 for the succinylated starch while the annealed showed no significant difference from the native starch. Modifications did not alter the ovoid shape of the native starch but reduced the particle size. Succinylation improved water absorption capacity, solubility and swelling of lima bean starch but annealing reduced the parameters. Tablets with disintegrants of lima bean starches generally had higher crushing strengths and lower friability than tablets with corn starch. Modifications reduced the disintegration time of the tablets when the starcheswere incorporated intra-granularly, which suggested particle-particle bond interruption and destruction of hydrogen bonds as mechanism of disintegration. Tablets containing 10 %w/w succinylated red lima bean starch incorporated intra-granularly had the highest disintegration efficiency ratio, DER, indicating a great balance between mechanical and disintegration properties. Modified red lima bean starches incorporated intra-granularly into paracetamol ablets led to faster disintegration and could efficiently substitute corn starch as disintegrant.
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    Neural network regression for modelling the effects of selected soil physico-chemical properties on adsorption
    (Nigeria Statistical Society, 2017) Udomboso, C. G.; Nzelu, N.; Olu-Owolabi, B. I.
    Heavy metals in soils have been known as soil pollutants, to constitute serious economic importance as their accumulation has led to reduced agricultural production and quality of life. In the present paper, we studied the adsorption behaviour of selected heavy metals in soils, due to some physico-chemical properties. The soil under study was obtained from the River Benue Basin in the middle belt region of Nigeria. The heavy metals considered included lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd), while the physico-chemical properties included hydrogen ion concentration (pH), percentage goethite, percentage humic acid, time, and sorbate concentration. Estimation of the effects was carried out using the statistical neural network at α = 0.05, while the cubic spline was used to interpolate within values and extrapolate forecasted values. Results show that rates of adsorption differ across properties. In all physical properties, except humic acid, Cd is most adsorped at AIC of 0.067, 0.079, 0.002, and 21.137 (all at p<0.05). For humic acid, most adsorped is Zn at AIC of 5.692 (p<0.05). These call for effective soil management system in Nigeria, which is expected to yield reliable data on soil behaviour, as well as concerted effort in eradicating (or reducing) the presence of these pollutants.