Browsing by Author "Olubode O.S."

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Assessment of florsstic composition of forest undergrowth of international institute of iropscal agriculture (iita) forest reserve Ibadan, -Nigeria.
(2014) Oladoye A.0; Aduradola; Olubode O.S.; Basiru A.O; Ezenwwenyi J.U.
Assessment of understorey species of a tropical rainforest ecosystem in South-western Nigeria, exemplified by International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) forest reserve, Ibadan. A total of twenty-four permanent sample plots of 0.0625 ha were used for the assessment of understorey composition, density and frequency. Relative frequency, Relative Density and Importance Value Index (TVT), similarity, diversity and Detrended Correspondence Analaysis (DCA) statistics were used to analyse the data. The result showed a total of 3,833 individual from 128 species and 44 families (28 shrub, 57 trees, 33herbs, 2 grasses and 8 climbers ) were identified. Papilonaceae had the height number of species (11) followed by Moraceae (10), Albizia zygia had the height frequency of occurency (24), density of 169.33/ha. However Culcasia scandens had the height density of 299.33/ha. Highest Importance value index of 13.82 was recorded for Culcasia scandens, followed by Chromolaena odorata (11.80). The.least (IVI) 0.18 was recorded for Blepharis maderaspatensis, Carica papaya, Cissus pinata. Similarity between paired plots varied from 0.16 to 0.75, Simpson diversity (0.9529) and dominance of 0.0471, number of species present in each of the plotranged from 0-39. Plot 84 had the heighest species (39), high Eigen value (73.7%), length of. ordination space (-2 to 6) and the location of all the plots in the first quadrant indicated that the environment was stable indicative of minimal variation in floristic composition between plots and high heterogeneity of the site and species respectively. These findings showed that the IITA forest is diverse in species composition and the diversity of the understory may act as a catalyst for successful natural forest succession. Hence may be creating a more favourable environment for the establishment of native forest flora and habitat for fauna. Ultimately may be leading to conserving biological diversity. The study eventually concluded that a proper protection from human interferences and scientific management of undergrowth of the study area may lead to biodiversity rich site in the country.
Conservation status and growth response of cnidoscolus aconitifolius (mill.) johnst. to fertilizer in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
(2021) Olubode O.S.; Ogunjimi A.B.
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) Johnst., is a domesticated leafy vegetable. Knowledge of its ethnobotanical use, growth biology under soil amendments, and acceptability is insufficient in southwest Nigeria. The study evaluated its response to soil amendments and conservation potential in metropolitan and agrarian local government areas (LGAs) of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was conducted in the Crop Garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan (N07.451655, E003.89708), and in six agrarian and five metropolitan LGAs. The growth experiment consisted of four treatments: A no-amendment control, cattle dung, poultry manure, and NPK15:15:15 replicated thriceand laid out in a completely randomized design. Data were collected on plant height, the number of leaves, stemdiameter, total leaf area, and number of branches. They were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significant means separated by Fisher's LSD (p=0.05). A structured questionnaire was administered using the snowballing procedure. Data were descriptively and inferentially analysed. No significant difference was observed between plant heights of no-amendment control and other treatments. NPK 15:15:15 treatments had the lowest mean number of leaves. Stem cuttings planted in amended soils had lower diameters (1.5 cm, 1.7 cm, 1.3 cm for no-amendment control, poultry manure, and cattle dung respectively) in 10 weeks after sowing compared to the control (2.0 cm). Similar trend was observed for total leaf area. Amendments with poultry manure gave the highest mean number of branches at 10 weeks after sowing, followed by NPK 15:15:15 while cattle dung had the lowest mean number of branches. A correlation coefficient (1.00) indicated perfect positive relationship between ages of respondents and viewed that its cultivation would mitigate climate change impact in Ibadan. Farmers would consider cultivating it. The potential conservation preference (á =0.295) of the crop among younger respondents could (0.05) confer protection on it. The study revealed that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius can develop to its full potential with little or no soil amendments, probably being a deep-rooting plant. The awareness among residents in Ibadan could ensure its conservation. In addition, the cultivation should be encouraged as a low-input vegetable to ameliorate food insecurity
Diversity and ecological importance of ferns in Nigerian Institute for oil palm research (nifor) oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.) plantation in edo state, Nigeria
(2018) Olubode O.S.; Ighodalo D.J
Epiphytic plants and ferns are important components of oil palm ecology in rain forest rainforest ecosystem. The study was conducted at the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) in Benin City, Nigeria 06033`N, 05 037`E, 149 m above sea level during the wet season of 2015. Herbaceous floristic sampling of the plantation followed systematic sampling technique using 180 square 0.5 m2 quadrats that were laid along two line transects laid 250 m apart over a total of nine plots of 40 hectares each. Data collected on species composition, abundance, frequency, density, and soil physicochemical properties following standard procedures. Data were analysed for relative importance value (RIV), species diversity, multivariate relations (numerical ordination and classification), and allometric assessment for carbon sequestration. Thirty nine (39) species of herbaceous flora in twenty two (22) families were enumerated in the site. The RIVs of four herbaceous flora were highest with invasive species Nephrolepis undulata (a fern) and Chromolaena odorata having the highest RIVs of 13.04 and 11.72 respectively. It was lowest (0.13) for Perotis indica in the family Rubiaceae Rubiaceae. The Shannon-Wiener index (3.16), indicated a high diversity and co-interaction among the herbaceous flora; evenness index was near medium (0.60) indicating a moderately even distribution of species in the plots. Stand ordination amalyses indicated similarities of herbaceous components and possible stable succession in many plots, while classification and cluster analyses revealed Nephrolepis undulata as a strict negative preferential, possibly due to its epiphytic nature; and Chromolaena odorata as leading non-preferential, possible due to its ubiquity. Carbon stock for the plantation soil was estimated at 69.54 tons carbon/hectare with a carbon sequestration efficiency of 87.96%. Soil of the plantation was mainly loamy and slightly acidic (pH range = 5.13 - 6.10). These findings show ferns are important component of NIFOR plantation with potentials to serve as a bio-indicator of ecosystem change. The herbaceous flora of NIFOR plantation was diverse and essential contributors to its soil high carbon stock and sequestration efficiency. Further studies should be done to assess the correlates of floristic variation with other microhabitat factors in oil palm plantations at NIFOR and in other agro-ecological zone.
Efficacy of three botanicals in cowpea field, Oyo state, Nigeria
(2020) Isienyi N.C.; Fadina O.O.; Fayinminnu O.O.; Olubode O.S.
Aims: To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the plant extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EU), Eucalyptus torreliana (ET) and Leucaena leucocephala (LL) on seedgermination, seedling-growth, weed flora and yield performance of cowpea. Study Design: The study was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eighteen ttreatments replicated three (3) times, totaling fifty-four (54) experimental samples. The whole experiments were repeated in two trials. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was carried out on the roof top garden of department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria from 2015 to 2017. Methodology: Leaves of EU, ET and LL were harvested, air-dried, milled and assayed for phytochemicals (mg/g) following standard-procedures. Milled samples (144, 108, 72, 36 and 0 g) of each botanical were dissolved in 1 L distilled-water to obtain Aqueous-Leaf-Extracts (ALE) of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% (control) concentrations. Ten seeds of cowpea-Ife brown in petri dishes were treated with the different concentrations. Data were collected on Seed Germination-SG (%). In pots containing 10 kg soil, cowpea-seeds (2 plants/pot) were sown. Each botanical-extract at different concentrations and paraquat (5 mL/L/ha) were applied, before and five Weeks-After-Sowing (WAS). Data were collected on Plant height-PH (cm) at 3,5,7,9 and 11 WAS, while Grain Yield-GY (g/pot) was determined at maturity. Relative Importance Values (RIVs) were determined following standardprocedures. Data were analysed with descriptive-statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Results: Total phenols (32.04±0.10), tannins (27.40±0.04) and saponins (20.15±0.03) were significantly higher in EU than in ET and LL. Cowpea SG ranged from 80.0±0.5 (50% LL) to 100.0±1.2 (100% LL). Cowpea PH ranged from 18.2±2.0 (100% ET) to 48.5±3.2 (100% EU) both at 9-WAS. Cowpea GY ranged from 0.1±0.1 (25% LL) to 4.2±0.5 (50% LL). Mitracarpus villosus had highest RIV of 52.3 (100% EU at 3-WAS) but reduced to 28.5 (100% EU at 9-WAS). Aqueous-leafextract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis at 100% reduced Mitracarpus villosus populations, while Leucaena leucocephala at 50% improved grain yields.
Rodent composition, population and damages of subsistence farms in selected local
(2020) Asunbo O. I.; Olubode O.S.
Rodents are main causes of huge crop losses in most field and stored produce of all vertebrate pests of agricultural importance in developing countries. Information on the damages caused by rodents in Oyo State, Nigeria is largely obsolete and poorly documented. The study was carried out in five purposively selected agrarian local government areas (LGAs) - Ibarapa North, Ibarapa Central, Ibarapa East, Lagelu, and Iddo local governments - in Oyo state, Nigeria. Fifty Structured questionnaires were used to randomly assess knowledge of farmers in Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme on rodents and their importance in each LGA. Kill traps were used to estimate population density of rodents in the study area over a 14-week period. All data were descriptively analysed. Cricetomys gambianus, Mus musculus, Sciurus carolinensis, Xerus erythropus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, and Rattus rattus were identified as pests of crops in the study area. High rodent damage ratings were recorded in maize in all LGAs, with infestation rating in Ibarapa East being (2.5), Ibarapa Central LGA (2.0), Iddo (2.5), Lagelu (3.0), Ibarapa North (2.5). Lowest damages were reported in pineapple (Range: 0.0 -.0.5). In storage, maize, cocoyam, cassava, oil palm kernels, yam and pineapple were mostly affected. Rodent density estimates ranged from 22 to 174/ha at Lagelu, 30 to 923/ha at Ibarapa Central, and 85 to 167/ha at Iddo. The inter-connectivity resulting from incomplete land fragmentation made management and control of rodents difficult. Farmers are encouraged to synchronize their management and control strategies in time and space, while the government includes rodent management in agricultural programme packages.