Browsing by Author "Olugasa, B. O."

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Actualization of strategies for beef quality control in south western Nigeria
(2005-06) Olugasa, B. O.; Cadmus, S.I. B.; Atsanda, N.N.
A major private abattoir wd meat processing plant in south-westem Nigeria was studied in this article to determine its compliance with control over dissemination of parasitic and microbial diseases from beef to man. To ensure total quality control, a private veterinarian sourced for cattle on farms and supplied these to the abattoir. In addition, a public health veterinarian in government service at the abattoir carried out antemortem tests, postmortem inspection and removal of unwholesome cattle. Diseases such as fascioliasis, tuberculosis, cysticercosis and brucellosis were effectively controlled in this way. Hence, United African Company (UAC) Foods provides wholesome beef to the community
Actualization of strategies for privatized preventive veternary services to nomadic herdsmen in southern Nigeria.
(1997) Esuruoso, G. O.; Olugasa, B. O.
African swine fever control in Ibadan, Nigeria: problems, needs and veterinary extension opportunities
(2008) Olugasa, B. O.
African swine fever (ASF) is a widely discussed disease in Ibadan, Nigeria, where high mortality losses occurred in outbreaks in the city between 2001-2006. To study the level to which ASF containment technologies were adopted and factors associated with adoption behavior, a sample of 60 pig farmers was selected from six local government areas in and near Ibadan. Essential data were collected using a questionnaire. Assessment criteria in forms of frequency, percentage, mean and product moment correlation coefficient were calculated. Results showed that the majority of pig farmers did not adopt ASF biocontainment technologies, since 86.7% (52/60) were at a low level of adoption behavior, 10% (6/60) at a medium level, and 3.3% (2/60) at a high level. A farmer’s income from piggery, knowledge of biocontainment technologies, and frequency of extension contact had positive and highly significant relationships (r 0.787) on levels of adoption. Specific needs and emerging opportunities for farmer participatory learning were indicated. It was recommended that Pig Farmers Association should constitute Farmer Field Schools, where the State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR) would be involved in production of ASF virus-free pigs, and the current services by University-based officers to the early detection of pigs infected with the ASF virus will be optimized
Analysis and evaluation of mortality losses of the 2001 African swine fever outbreak, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2007-08) Babalobi, O. O; Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D.O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Ayoade, G. O.; Agbede, S. A.
The mortality losses of pigs of various age groups affected by the 2001 African swine fever outbreak in Ibadan Nigeria were analyzed and evaluated. Thirty one thousand nine hundred and sixteen (31,916) pigs on three hundred and six (306) farms reported by the Pig Farmers Association of Nigeria and the State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources were involved. Gross mortality was ninety one percent (91%), while age group mortality ranged from 75.9% (growers), 83.1% (weaners), 91.2% (finishers) and 99.8% (piglets); to 100.0% in gilts, sow and boars. Losses were estimated to worth nine hundred and forty one thousand, four hundred and ninety one dollars, sixty seven cents (US $941,491.67). Highest financial loss was from sows (29.5% of total loss), followed by gilts (16.6%), finishers (15.2%), weaners (10.7%), boars (10.6%), growers (10.6%) and piglets (8.2%). Average mortality loss per farm of $3076.77 was of great financial and socioeconomic consequences for a developing country like Nigeria with a low Gross Domestic Product figures. In conclusion, the need to immediately revisit and take recommended actions on the 1998 Report of the FAO Consultancy Mission to Nigeria on Control and Eradication of an Outbreak of African swine fever in Western Nigeria is stressed
Antibody levels against rabies among occupationally exposed individuals in a Nigerian University
(2010) Olugasa, B. O.; Odeniyi, A. O.; Adeogun, A. O.|; Adeola, O.A
The authors investigated the levels of antiglycoprotein antibodies against rabies virus in the sera of occupationally exposed humans at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A quantitative indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect rabies virus anti‐glycoprotein antibodies in sera from 20 zoological garden workers, 20 veterinarians and 30 clinical veterinary students at the University of Ibadan. The sera were obtained between September 2008 and February 2009. Of these 70 healthy individuals, 29 (41.4%) consisting of 15 zoological garden workers (75.0%), 13 veterinarians (65.0%) and 1 veterinary student (3.3%) were immune to rabies virus (antibody titre >0.5 equivalent units per ml), while 41 (58.6%) were not immune. The prevalence of rabies anti‐glycoprotein antibody was higher within the older segment of the study population than among the younger veterinary students. Almost all those who had spent at least 10 years on the job had higher levels of rabies vaccination compliance and were immune. Our results indicated that there is low anti‐rabies immunity among occupationally exposed individuals at the University of Ibadan. There is a need for a complete course of primary and booster vaccinations of professionals exposed to the rabies virus. The impact of these results on rabies control in Nigeria is discussed.
Assessment of seroconversion against peste des petits ruminants vaccine among sheep and goats in Buchanan, Liberia
(2012) Olugasa, B. O.; Anderson, J. R. N.
Serological response to a live commercial vaccine of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus administered to sheep and goats in Buchanan, the capital city of Grand Bassa County, Liberia was assessed in view of its importance for effective restocking of small ruminants in the city. Forty-four paired serum samples (pre- and post-vaccination) were collected from vaccinated sheep and goats during a nation-wide campaign for food security promotion from March to October, 2011. Sheep and goats were vaccinated against PPR in late April, 2011. Pre-vaccination samples were collected in mid-April, 2011. Post-vaccination samples were collected in mid-October 2011 from the same groups of sheep and goats (6 months after vaccination). Paired serum samples gathered were stored at -4 0C until tested. Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) was used to determine antibody levels against PPR virus. Only 34(77.3%) out of 44 paired serum samples were adequate in quantity and quality for the test. Test results indicated 27(79.4%) out of 44 paired serum samples increased significantly in antibody levels from pre-vaccination to post-vaccination levels that were equal or above threshold of Percentage Inhibition (PI > 50%) against PPR vaccine. The importance of these findings to effective veterinary services delivery for the control of this neglected animal disease in Liberia is discussed. The present seroconversion status against PPR virus is considered to be a milestone in rebuilding veterinary services systems in Liberia towards national efforts for food security after prolonged civil war (1989-2003) in the country.
Attitude of poultry farmers towards vaccination against newcastle disease and avian influenza in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2012) Oluwole, O..A.; Emikpe, B. O.; Olugasa, B. O.
Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) are among the important viral diseases of poultry with very high economic implications. ND is enzootic in most parts of the world while Highly Pathogenic AI (HPAI) is an emerging zoonosis in Nigeria. This study was carried out to assess the perception and attitude of poultry farmers in the selected Local Government Areas in Ibadan towards vaccination of birds against these diseases, and to find out the types of vaccines that were available for the control of the two diseases. A total of 84 respondents out of 100 (84%) completed and returned the questionnaires administered. The results indicated that all farmers vaccinated their birds against ND. The regime for ND vaccination was not the same across the local government areas. Some 32 (38.1%) farmers operated vaccination schedules provided by hatchery technicians, while 43 (51.2%) farmers vaccinated their birds at about 4-6 weeks interval. Nine (10.7%) farmers combined hatchery and laboratory evaluation to determine schedule. Thirty nine farmers (46.4%) indicated that they were aware of national policy of non-vaccination against AI. However, 14 out of 84 farmers (16.7%) vaccinated their birds against HPAI. There is a need to continue the national policy of slaughter of HPAI infected poultry birds and compensation of farmers, albeit allowing strategic use of vaccine to effectively control HPAI outbreaks in south-western part of Nigeria.
Clinic and laboratory manual: veterinary public health-preventive medicine-wildlife and fish diseases
(2008) Adeyemi, I. G.; Alonge, D. O.; Agbede, S. A.; Ogundipe, G. A. T.; Ishola, O. O; Babalobi, O. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Cadmus, S. I. B.; Adedeji, O. B.; Adeyemo, O. K.; Olugasa, B. O.; Adetunji, V. O.; Olatoye, I. O.; Awosanya, A. E. J.; Ojomo, B.; Agboola, B. B.
Comparative evaluation of productivity and cost effectiveness of catfish fingerling production in earthen pond and recirculation system in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2011) Adeyemo, O. K.; Ganiyu, O. I.; Olugasa, B. O.
Despite the popularity of the African catfish and its great market potentials, the production is still basically at subsistence level due majorly to inadequate supply of seed for stocking. This has been linked to the absence of reliable production techniques for the mass production and rearing of the species under practical farming conditions. The purpose of this study therefore, was to find a suitable culture system for the mass production of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Protected earthen pond and a unit of recirculation system were used. Fertilized eggs from female were divided into two equal halves and incubated under the same conditions. Forty-nine thousand frys each were stocked into the protected earthen pond and a unit recirculation system respectively. The frys in the two systems were raised for twenty one days and fed the same quantity and quality of feed throughout the period. The survival rate of the frys in the recirculation system was 79% as against 17% in the earthen pond. However, bigger sized (2.2 ± 0.23g) fingerlings were obtained from the earthen pond relative to those cultured in the recirculation system (0.9 ± 0.07g). The cost of raising frys in a recirculation system (N34,000) was twice that needed for earthen pond (N17,000), but this was more than made up for in the profit from sales, which was N311,360 and N99,156 respectively. The main reason for fish farming is the expected return to be, therefore, the choice of income-generating activities, amongst several options available, should be made on the grounds of their expected returns.
Comparative evaluation of productivity and cost effectiveness of catfish fingerling production in earthen pond and recirculation system in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2011) Adeyemo, O. K.; Ganiyu, O. I.; Olugasa, B. O.
Despite the popularity of the African catfish and its great market potentials, the production is still basically at subsistence level due majorly to inadequate supply of seed for stocking. This has been linked to the absence of reliable production techniques for the mass production and rearing of the species under practical farming conditions. The purpose of this study therefore, was to find a suitable culture system for the mass production of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Protected earthen pond and a unit of recirculation system were used. Fertilized eggs from female were divided into two equal halves and incubated under the same conditions. Forty-nine thousand frys each were stocked into the protected earthen pond and a unit recirculation system respectively. The frys in the two systems were raised for twenty one days and fed the same quantity and quality of feed throughout the period. The survival rate of the frys in the recirculation system was 79% as against 17% in the earthen pond. However, bigger sized (2.2 ± 0.23g) fingerlings were obtained from the earthen pond relative to those cultured in the recirculation system (0.9 ± 0.07g). The cost of raising frys in a recirculation system (N34,000) was twice that needed for earthen pond (N17,000), but this was more than made up for in the profit from sales, which was N311,360 and N99,156 respectively. The main reason for fish farming is the expected return to be, therefore, the choice of income-generating activities, amongst several options available, should be made on the grounds of their expected returns.
Confirmatory diagnosis of African swine fever in southern Nigeria by immunoblotting assay
(2005) Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D.O.; Adewale, G.A.; Adewale, G.A.; Ayoade, G.O.; Ijagbone, I.F.; Babalobi, O.O.; Agbede, S.A.
When a swine epizootic occurred in groups of pigs in south western Nigeria in 2001, a need for detailed investigation and confirmatory diagnosis arose at the University of Ibadan. A class of epizootiology students at the university was involved in the investigation. Comprehensive information about the nature and causation of the disease was provided. Four diagnostic techniques were used for confirmatory diagnosis, including Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA), immunoblotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virus isolation. Only immunoblotting assay was used at the University of Ibadan, while samples were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) in Vom, Nigeria for I-ELISA and to two reference laboratories for African swine fever in South Africa and Madrid, Spain for PCR and virus isolation respectively. The results obtained from these laboratories using the other three diagnostic techniques were compared with that of the immunoblotting assay. Immunoblotting assay confirmed all samples that tested positive on PCR and virus isolation. It was also relatively easier to use, highly sensitive and specific for confirmatory diagnosis. It was however costlier in application for large sample size testing compared to I-ELISA.
Detection of Haemagglutination–Inhibiting antibodies against human h1 and h3 Strains of influenza A Viruses in pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2010) Adeola, O.A; Adeniji, J. A.; Olugasa, B. O.
Agricultural and commercial activities have continued to bring people and pigs into regular, close contact in Ibadan, Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to investigate the transmission of human influenza viruses to pigs in Ibadan, using serological surveillance. Serum specimens were collected from ninety-one (91/199) apparently healthy, unvaccinated Landrace pigs at three locations within Ibadan from April to June, 2008. Two strains of human influenza virus A: A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) and A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) were used in Haemagglutination-Inhibition Assay for antibody detection. Prevalence of HI antibodies to the two subtypes was 90.1%. Antibodies to influenza A/Brisbane/ 59/2007 (H1N1) were significantly (P < 0.05) more prevalent (80.2%) than those of influenza A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) (51.6%). Titres of HI antibodies to influenza A/Brisbane/59/2007 [mean = 3331.5] were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of influenza A/Brisbane/10/2007 [mean = 2212.3]. This study shows that these pigs were exposed to human strains of influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) either prior to or during this study. The implications of these high prevalence and antibody titres are discussed in relation to influenza virus infection among pig handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria. We recommend that periodic investigation of circulating strains of influenza viruses in pigs and humans who handle pigs regularly in Nigeria and molecular characterization of such isolates be carried out to ensure early detection of interspecies transmission and potential future pandemic strains.
Differential diagnosis of a swine epizootic of unknown etiology in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
(2003) Babalobi, O. O.; Ayoade, G. O.; Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D. O.; Oyedele, O.
Outbreaks of unconfirmed infections associated with high mortalities in pig herds were reported at the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm, and in other parts of Ibadan, Nigeria between June and October 2001. Based on a tentative diagnosis of African Swine Fever and differential diagnosis of classical swine lever, encephalomyocarditis virus and anthrax, research was initiated between July and November 2001 to confirm the cause of the outbreak. This included farm visit, to observe clinical signs, collect samples and do necropsies, electronic mail communication of presenting signs. Internet web searches. laboratory tests and serological (immunoblotting assay) tests A confirmatory diagnosis of the infection as African Swine Fever (ASF) was reached. This diagnosis is important to enable researchers and appropriate authorities to introduce monitoring and control measures.
Differential diagnosis of a swine epizootic of unknown etiology in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
(2003) Babalobi, O. O; Ayoade, G. O.; Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D.O.; Oyedele, O.
Outbreaks of unconfirmed infections associated with high mortalities in pig herds were reported at the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm, and in other parts of Ibadan, Nigeria between June and October 2001. Based on a tentative diagnosis of African Swine Fever and differential diagnosis of classical swine fever, encephalomyocarditis virus and anthrax, research was initiated between July and November 2001 to confirm the cause of the outbreak. This included farm visits to observe clinical signs, collect samples and do necropsies, electronic mail communication of presenting signs, Internet web searches, laboratory tests and serological (immunoblotting assay) tests. A confirmatory diagnosis of the infection as African Swine Fever (ASF) was reached. This diagnosis is important to enable researchers and appropriate authorities to introduce monitoring and control measures.
Epizootiology in contemporary global health: making a difference in the health of people in West Africa
(FEMSON CLASSICAL, 2011) Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D.O.; Ayinmode, A.B.; Emikpe, B.O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Cadmus, S. I. B.
Global health in contemporary times has thrown up challenges that demand innovative and pragmatic approaches and one of such is the concept of One Health. Towards this end, a holistic approach of tackling human and a n i d health problems is being explored in order to bring about poverty alleviation, health and food security particularly in developing countries. To achieve this, there is an increasing role and importance of epizootiology in planning and evaluation of projects for control and prevention of pandemic from animal diseases in West Africa. Since there is a critical shortage of available manpower in this area, filling this gap requires training of public and private personnel that are focused on diseases at human-animal health interface. Therefore, under the flagship of epizootiology, we propose an initiative that brings together teachers that have worked in this area and have similar and complementary skills and expertise that trainees would be able to assimilate. This program which has received support at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, will work along with a consortium of Universities to increase graduate training in the surveillance of human-animal diseases from 2012. It is anticipated that this platform will produce a critical mass of highly trained personnel within West Africa that will make a difference in tackling the ever challenging health needs of the people in the sub-region
Getting to know human-animal disease surveillance in West Africa
(Control and Prevention of Zoonoses, 2017) Olugasa, B. O.; Fasunla, A. J.
Introductory epizootiology
(VetAcademic Resource Publishers and Consultants, 2005) Esuruoso, G. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Olugasa, B. O.
Isolation and prevalence of' pathogenic leptospira interrogans in slaughtered cattle in two abattoirs i n southwestern Nigeria
(Bundesministerium, 2011) Jagun, A. T.; Ajayi, O. L.; Ilugbo, M. O.; Olugasa, B. O.
Leptospirosis is a waterborne bacterial disease, transmitted to humans through contaminated water, usually by urine of rodents that are chronically infected by the pathogenic strains.The prevalence and incidence of leptospirosis in slaughtered cattle in relation to the risk of exposure of abattoir workers and the public consumers was determined in this study. The objective of this study ;was to evaluate the prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in slaughtered cattle in southwestern Nigeria. Kidney samples from 108 cattle were examined. Samples were .collected from Bodija abattoir in Ibadan, capital city of ;0yo State, and Lafenwa abattoir in Abeokuta, capital city :of Ogun State. Leptospira was isolated in Ellinghausen- McCullough-Johnson-Harris broth medium (EMJH). Pathogenecity test was carried out in Guinea pigs. Gross 'and histopathological lesions were observed in their kidneys. Leptospira species were isolated from 89 (82.4%) out of 108 kidneys from the slaughtered cattle. Twenty (95.2%) out of 21 kidneys and 69 (79.3%) out of 87 kidneys collected from Ibadan and Abeokuta respectively were positive. Only 31 (28.7%) (9 kidneys from Ibadan and 22 from Abeokuta) kidneys showed visible macroscopic changes, while histomorphological changes such as interstitial nephritis, tubular nephrosis and tubular protein cast were observed. Death of guinea pigs that were inoculated occurred within 24 hours to 168 hrs. The isolation of ieptospira interrogans and the pathology associated with kidneys obtained in this study indicates that cattle slaughter in public abattoir in South-western Nigeria may be sources of exposure and infection to abattoir workers and the public to leptospirosis
Isolation of influenza A viruses from pigs in Ibadan,Nigeria
(2009) Adeola, O. A.; Adeniji, J. A.; Olugasa, B. O.
The authors investigated influenza virus types in pigs in Ibadan, a city in Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria. From April to June 2008, nasal swabs were collected from pigs at three locations in Ibadan. Influenza A viruses (four A [H1N1], two A [H3N2] and one A [H1N1]‐ A [H3N2] double reactant) were isolated from 7 of the 50 apparently healthy Landrace pigs tested. This study is the first documented isolation of swine influenza viruses in Nigeria and it reveals that different strains of influenza viruses co‐circulate in pigs in Ibadan. These pigs serve as reservoirs of different subtypes of influenza viruses and potential ‘mixing vessels’ in which genetic reassortment and the generation of future human pandemic strains could occur. These findings support the need for adequate and periodic surveillance among swine populations and pig handlers in Nigeria to detect circulating strains of influenza viruses. This would serve as an effective early warning system.
It is over three decades of graduate education in epizootiology at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria (1975-2011): is there a need to revise the curriculum?
(2012) Olugasa, B. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Esuruoso, G. O.
Epizootiology is the study of variable factors, events, forces and circumstances that contribute to the occurrence, distribution, control and prevention of ill-health, diseases and other problems in animal groups. It is a key component of veterinary medicine education at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria since 1975. It started as a Graduate Certificate in Epizootiology (GCE) in 1976. Later it was revised into M.Sc. Epizootiology in 1986. At graduate level, epizootiology curriculum has supported the M.Sc. Epizootiology programme. It compliments training in Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine. This epizootiology curriculum has been operational at graduate level for more than three decades. Now in 2011, a consortium of English speaking West African Universities is committed to review the current curriculum at the University of Ibadan to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world with scope for internationalized practicum in disease investigation. Emphases are made towards skills development in molecular studies on disease causal agents and the mapping of associated geographic risk factors, including indigenous knowledge and practices. It is notable that most English-speaking West African countries including Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Gambia either lack a Veterinary School or just started some, but do not have graduate programme in Epizootiology. Thus, the curriculum at Ibadan is positioned to make impact in three key areas, namely, sub-regional ecosystem health studies, improving human-animal disease surveillance programmes, and in indigenization of bio-technology for monitoring and evaluation of trans-boundary animal disease control interventions for global health in West Africa