Browsing by Author "Olunlade, B. A."

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Effects of soaking on shelflife of soybean full fat flour
(MedDocs Publishers, 2011) Ologunde, M. O.; Omosebi, M. O.; Ariyo, O.; Olunlade, B. A.; Otite, E. A.
Background: Soy products are gaining popularity as economical protein sources and nutritional or health foods. Processing that ensures improved shelf life is essential to enhance its use in alleviating malnutrition. Shelf life studies were carried out on Soybean full - fat flour samples produced from soybean soaked in different solutions. Methods: Soybean seeds were soaked, drained, steam bleached (100ºC) for 45 minutes, dehulled, dried in a cabinet drier and subsequently milled. The flour samples were stored and quality parameters (moisture content, ash content, protein content, crude fibre content, fat content, carbohydrate content and free fatty acid content) were determined at an interval of four weeks over a period of 12 weeks. Result: The crude fibre content of the chemically treated samples ranged from 5% to 12% over the 12 - week storage period. The moisture content of the control sample was 14% at the end of the storage period while that of the chemically treated samples were 12%, 6%, 8% for sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride respectively. Soaking in 5% w/v sodium bicarbonate solution yielded a shelf stable soybean full fat flour. Sodium bicarbonate treated sample had the least free fatty acid content. Conclusion: Soaking sobean seeds in chemical solutions before processing reduced peroxidase action on the samples which was evident in the low free fatty acid content of the samples towards the end of the shelf life period.
Evaluation of effects of processing on levels of selected pollutants in gari
(2012) Ologunde, M. O.; Ariyo, O.; Olunlade, B. A.; Igbabul, B. D.; Ayotola, T. M.
Human health is an outcome of the trio of the environment, individual susceptibility and time. Contamination of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) roots by the environment or during processing presents health hazards. This study evaluates the effects of processing on the level of selected pollutants in Gari diet and the effect on selected organs of albino rats. Cassava tubers from Kokori and Ogbomoso were varied in the method of processing to produce Gari. Gari and fish samples sundried in the vicinities of flared gas were used to produce four nutritionally similar Gari/fish diet regimen. Twenty-four, 28-day old male albino rats were divided into four groups of six each to fit into four diet regimen and acclimatized for a 7-day period on commercial rat feed. The four groups were afterward placed on different diet regimens for 13 weeks during which the body weight and food intakes were measured weekly. Result shows that the least percentage weight gain (27.9%) occurs in Diet IV-Kokori/SPDC followed by Diet IIKokori (37.4%), Diet III-Kokori/Ogbomoso (44.7%) and Diet I-Ogbomoso (55.3%) in ascending order. Albino rats on Diets II and IV had a negative food utility index and high concentrations of nickel, lead, cadmium and chromium were found in the feed formulation. The levels of toxicants differ with the processing method and protein efficiency ratio varied with the processing method. Examination of selected organs shows clinical anomalies. The study reveals that pollutants load in gari-diet depend on the environment of cultivation and the method of processing.
Preliminary nutritional evaluation of cashew nuts from different locations in Nigeria
(Wilolud Journals, 2011) Ologunde, M. O.; Omosebi, M. O.; Ariyo, O.; Olunlade, B. A.; Abolaji, R. A.
Cashew nut samples from three geographical locations of Nigeria viz: Anambra state, Oyo state and Kogi state were obtained and analysis were carried out on the nuts and oil. The proximate composition of the cashew nuts was determined. The extracted oil was analyzed for both physical (colour, specific gravity and refractive index) and chemical (saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value and free fatty acid value) properties. The vitamin content of the samples was also determined. The protein content ranged from 23.42% – 26.39%, the moisture content ranged from 5.66% - 6.17%, ash content ranged from 3.03% - 3.18% and the crude fibre content ranged from 5.60% - 6.12%. The fat content of the cashew nut from Oyo state was the highest (42.03%) followed by the cashew nut from Kogi state (40.72%) while the cashew nut from Anambra state had the least value (40.15%). The refractive index ranged from 1.452 – 1.463nD 20ºC and specific gravity ranged from 0.848 – 0.860g/cm3. The oil from the three samples had a light yellow colour. The saponification value ranged from 233.19 – 237.00mgKOH/g oil; iodine value 83.65 – 86.93mgKI/100g oil; peroxide value 19.75 – 20.34meqO2/Kg oil and free fatty acid 0.05046 – 0.05601%. The mineral content of the samples correlated with the values from literature. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence limit and Duncan test. There was significant difference between the Vitamin A and B12 content, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, moisture, fat, fibre, ash, carbohydrate and free fatty acid content of the samples while there was no significant difference in the Vitamin B12 and B6, Iron, Zinc, Iodine value and Saponification value of the samples. The cashew nuts from the different locations demonstrated high potential as industrial materials.
Sterols of sunflower seeds from different locations in Nigeria
(2012) Olunlade, B. A.; Ariyo, O.; Ologunde, M. O.; Omosebi, M. O.; Igbabul, B. D.; Olajoju, K. C.
Sunflower (Helianthus species) is cultivated for oil production. Analysis of sterol components of sunflower seeds from different locations in Nigeria is presented. Sterols were separated from unsaponifiable fraction by Thin-layer Chromatography and analyzed with gas chromatograph. The result shows the oil and the unsaponifiable oil contents by location, Benue (37.32±0.07;0.82±0.01), Kano(34.57±0.10;0.72±0.01), Bida(34.06±0.09;0.70±0.00), Kaduna (33.92±0.08; 0.68±0.00) and Minna(31.91±0.05;0.64±0.04) in descending order. There was no significant difference in the oil content of the seed samples but significant difference occurs in the percentage of unsaponifiable oil content. Cholesterol (71.50) was predominant in the leaves surface while β-sitosterol (30.40) was the most abundant sterol in the intracellular portion of the leaves. The combined concentration of unknown sterols varied between 9.4 and 12.03 for the free sterol and between 2.84 and 5.81 for the sterol ester. Cholesterol/stigmasterol and cholesterol/ β-sitosterol ratios were found to be agronomically and geographically related. Significant difference occurred in unknown sterol esters/known sterols esters ratio. This study showed that the chemistry of sunflower seeds is not agronomic and geographically dependent and that the stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol are significant phytosterols in sunflower. Unidentified sterols component is abundant enough to influence the health benefits of the sunflower oil positively or negatively.