Browsing by Author "Olusanya, O. O."

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A rare case of Salmonella Typhi Meningitis in an eleven month old infant: a case report
(Association of Resident Doctors, University College Hospital, Ibadan, 2012) Nwadike, V. U.; Fowotade, A.; Tuta, K. E.; Olusanya, O. O.
Non-typhoidal Salmonella are infrequent causes of childhood meningitis. Most reports of Salmonella typhi meningeal infections are confined to neonates. A rare instance of S. typhi in an otherwise healthy eleven month old infant is being reported.
Antimalarial use and the associated factors in rural Nigeria following implementation of Affordable Medicines Facility-Malaria (AMFM) price subsidy
(Science Publications, 2013) Efunshile, A. M.; Fowotade, A.; Makanjuola, O. B.; Oyediran, E. I.; Olusanya, O. O.; Koenig, B.
Purpose This study was set out to find out the pattern of antimalarial drug use in a Nigerian rural community following the aggressive price subsidy of Artemisinin Combination Therapy(ACT) recently embarked upon by Roll Back Malaria partners through Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria (AMFm). Methods Questioners were administered to 310 adult members of the community with the most recent malaria episodes so as to find out about the drugs used and some of the factors associated with the choice of the drug. Result Although the overall use of ACT (13.55%) in this community was about 4 times higher than what it used to be, Chloroquine 123(39.62%) and sulphadozine/pyrimathamine 120(38.71%) were the mostly used antimalarial agents. Choice of drug used was significantly associated with perception of efficacy and price among other factors. Respondents liked the price of ACT (33.3%) most, CQ was the drug most liked in terms of efficacy (44.2%) while SP was the drug most liked in terms of lack of side effect (38.9%), taste (61.6%) and convenience (35.7%).( P= 0.001) Conclusion In addition to sustaining the current price control, there is a need to continuously monitor and effectively regulate the quality of the ACTs in circulation so as to gain the confidence of both the prescribers and the end users regarding efficacy and adherence to ACTs. This will help to safeguard the huge investment in ACT subsidy by the Roll Back Malaria partners.
Risk factors and outcome of Acinetobacter infection in the intensive care unit of a tertiary center in Oyo State, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2013) Nwadike, V. U.; Fayemiwo, S. A.; Fowotade, A.; Bakare, R. A.; Olusanya, O. O.
Acinetobacter plays an important role in the infection of patients admitted to hospitals. Acinetobacter are free living gram-negative coccobacilli that emerge as significant nosocomial pathogens in the hospital setting and are responsible for intermittent outbreaks in the intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and outcome of Acinetobacter infections in patients admitted into the intensive care unit of a tertiary center in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred patients were recruited for the study, catheter specimen urine, tracheal aspirate and blood culture were collected aseptically from the patients. The specimens were cultured on blood and MacConkey and the organisms identified using Microbact 12E (0xoid). Fourteen (14%) of the 100 patients recruited into the study developed Acinetobacter infection. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, endotracheal intubation, and duration of endotracheal intubation were associated risk factors with only duration of endotracheal intubation specifically an 8 to 14 day period being an independent risk factor for Acinetobacter. Six of the patients died of the infection while the remaining eight were discharged from the ICU. The findings that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and duration of endotracheal intubation being associated with Acinetobacter infection and the attendant mortality associated with the infection should draw attention to this seemingly silent epidemic in our Intensive Care Units so that effective surveillance protocols can be deployed to manage this infection whenever it rears its head.
Survey of users’ perceptions of clinical microbiology laboratory services in Nigeria
(Oyo National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, 2012) Efunshile, A. M.; Fowotade, A.; Makanjuola, O. B.; Oyediran, E. I. O.; Olusanya, O. O.; Koenig, B.
Background:The Clinical Microbiology laboratory is expected to adequately measure and monitor its performance by actively and routinely soliciting from its clients their level of satisfaction with services received and use the information to develop processes that meet customer’s needs. This survey was done in order to objectively identify some of the challenges faced by laboratory end users in Nigeria with a view to proffering feasible solutions to such problems. Methods: Semi –structured, pre-tested Questionnaires administered to laboratory users in 2 teaching hospitals in Nigeria to find out their level of satisfaction with various aspects of laboratory services. One is a Federal Government hospital with 620 bed spaces and 7 full time Consultant Clinical Microbiologists while the other hospital is owned by State Government and has 280 bed spaces, 1 full time plus 2 visiting Consultant Clinical Microbiologists. Results: There is a general low level customer satisfaction observed in this study. Only 27.8% and 5.4% of respondents from UCH and LTH respectively agreed that laboratory user’s handbook was available while about 38.3% and 22.5% respectively agreed that laboratory turnaround time was satisfactory. Respondents from UCH and LTH who agreed that it was easy to obtain expert advice from Consultant Clinical Microbiologists were 45.1% and 20.2% respectively. About 94.7% and 88.8% of respondents from UCH and LTH respectively agreed that request forms were easy to fill while 76.7% and 68.5% respectively agreed that expert advice obtained from Consultant Clinical Microbiologists were helpful in the management of their patients. Discussion, conclusion and recommendation: The general low level of customer satisfaction observed from the 2 hospitals may be attributable to the general inadequate health workforce and infrastructure in Nigeria where the government spend only 6.4% of its annual budget on health which is far below expectation. The particularly lower level of customer satisfaction in LTH may be due to the fact that there is only one full time Clinical Microbiologist in the in the laboratory. These laboratories can make the best out of the situation at hand by improving their communication with the users so as to make them appreciate the actual cost of tests andtime required to generate results.