Browsing by Author "Omokhodion, S. I."

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Congenital anomalies in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Spectrum Books. Publisher, Ibadan Nigeria, 2016) Ayede, A. I.; Adeleye, A. O.; Olusanya, A. A.; Ademola, A. D.; Olayemi, O.; Ogbole, G. I.; Akinmoladun, J. A.; Agunloye, A. M.; Akinrinoye, O. O.; Takure, A. O.; Oyewole, O. B.; Oluwatosin, O. M.; Omokhodion, S. I.
Background: There is a need for a multidisciplinary database that can be used as a potential source for developing a protocol and a guideline for a possible nationwide prospective surveillance of congenital anomalies in Nigeria. Methods: This five-year cross-sectional retrospective survey of data from January 2009 to December 2013 was done at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Data were collected from the admission records on the wards in 8 specialty units with the most workable documented clinical records of congenital anomalies in their care using a predesigned proforma. Proportions of congenital anomalies were determined based on systemic classification of the anomalies and the descriptive terms used were according to the ICD_10-chapter XVIII_RCPCH extension. Result: The total number of patients with congenital anomalies whose records were obtained from the ward registers was 1311, there were 75 (5.7%) missing case notes while information was obtained on 1236 (94.3%) patients. There were a total of 1479 anomalies with multiple anomalies seen in 16.1% of the patients. The male/female ratio was 2:1 and multiple births as well as positive family history of birth defects were seen in about 2.4% and 2.2% of cases respectively. Prenatal diagnosis of the anomalies was documented in only 11 cases (0.9%). Only about one in five cases presented within the neonatal period, and defects of the abdominal wall as well as the cranial-facial-orbital regions were the most prevalent. Next were those in the cardiovascular, spinal column, anorectal and genital, as well as musculoskeletal systems. Conclusion: The size and pan-systemic profiles of the birth defects documented in this study calls for further action on this all-important cause of childhood mortality and significant life-long morbidity in our country.
Nephrotic syndrome complicating cyanotic congenital heart disease: A report of two cases
(West African College of Physicians/ West African College of Surgeons., 2008) Ogunkunle, O. O.; Asinobi, A. O.; Omokhodion, S. I.; Ademola, A. D.
BACKGROUND: Renal complications are said to be common in cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), but have not been documented frequently in Nigerian children. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an uncommon complication of CCHD. OBJECTIVES: To report two cases of NS complicating CCHD who presented within months of each other, in order to draw attention to the problem. METHODS: The details of the clinical presentation, course and outcome of two children with CCHD, presenting with features of NS within months of each other, were reviewed. The patients were fully assessed clinically and were further investigated with chest X-ray, ECG ad echocardiography. RESULTS: A 12-year old girl with Fallot’s tetralogy underwent a Blalock-Taussig shunt at the age of 2 years, but subsequently defaulted from follow-up. She reappeared 10 years later with features of NS. Echocardiography revealed impaired myocardial function. Despite initial clinical improvement following three plasma exchanges and Enalapril therapy, she suddenly died on the 15th day of admission. The second patient was a 7-year old boy with tricuspid atresia, diagnosed at the age of 10 months, and similarly defaulted, reappearing six years later with features of NS. Oedema regressed with similar treatment, but his renal function deteriorated. He was stable enough to be discharged after six weeks on admission. CONCLUSION: Proteinuria is likely to be more common in Nigerian children with CCHD than has been previously appreciated. Early intervention in patients with CCHD is desirable in order to prevent development of complications which worsen the prognosis. Patients with CCHD should be screened regularly for proteinuria in order to detect and address renal complications early.
Nutritional profiles and selected parental factors among children with congenital heart diseases in Ibadan, Nigeria
(The Nigeria Cardiac Society, 2015) Balogun, F. M.; Omokhodion, S. I.
"Background: Among the many adverse sequelae of congenital heart disease (CHD), malnutrition stands out as one of the major concerns. Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the nutritional status, parental age, and mid‑parental heights of children with CHD and their apparently healthy control group. Material and Methods: Electrocardiography and echocardiography were used to confirm the presence or otherwise of CHD in consecutive 100 children with CHDs and 100 age, sex, and social class matched apparently healthy control group. Nutritional parameters, parental ages, and mid‑parental heights were also obtained. Associations were tested using student t test and Chi square test. Level of significance was P < 0.05. Results: There were 54 males with CHD and the age‑range of the children was 1–96 months. The commonest acyanotic CHD was ventricular septal defect (49.0%) while the commonest cyanotic CHD was Fallot’s tetralogy (10%). Children with CHD compared with the control group had significantly lower mean z scores for weight for height, height for age, and weight for age. The mid upper arm circumference, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness were also lower than that found in the control group. Older parental age and lower mid‑parental heights were found among parents of children with CHD compared with those of controls. Conclusions: Malnutrition can be quite severe in children with CHD if unattended to. Early corrective intervention is necessary to prevent short‑term and long‑term sequelae of malnutrition in these children. Parental malnutrition and older parental age are likely predisposing factors to CHD."
Ocular abnormalities in newborn infants needing special care
(1998) Baiyeroju-Agbeja, A.; Omokhodion, S. I.
A prospective study was carried out over a six-month period to determine the pattern and outcome of ocular abnormalities in newborn infants needing special care. All babies at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were excluded from the study as they were included in a concurrently running ROP study. Twenty-eight of the remaining 84 babies examined were found to have ocular problems. These included retinal haernorrhages which were found in 64 percent of the 28 babies, deeply yellow retinae in 18 percent and retinal oedema in seven percent. Although all the changes encountered resolved by the time the babies were discharged, it is recommended that the eyes of babies admitted into the special care baby unit for whatever reason, should be routinely examined, in order to identify early changes that are amenable to treatment.
Ophthalmic congenital anomalies: spectrum and systemic associations in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
(2017) Olusanya, B. A.; Ayede, A. I.; Adeleye, A. O.; Olusanya, A. A.; Lawal, T. A.; Baiyeroju, A. M.; Ogunkunle, O. O.; Joel-Medewase, V. I.; Adebayo, B. E.; Akinrinoye, O. O.; Ashubu, O. F.; Omokhodion, S. I.
Background: To document the pattern of ophthalmic congenital anomalies and their associated systemic anomalies in Nigeria’s foremost university teaching hospital. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan from January 2009 to December 2013. Clinic and ward registers of various departments and units in the hospital were reviewed to identify children with any structural abnormality, present at birth, which involved the eye and/or its adnexae. Results: Two hundred and forty eight children with 259 ophthalmic congenital anomalies were studied. The median age was 1.2 years with an interquartile range of 4.6 years. The male to female ratio was 1.27:1. Congenital cataract was found in 109 (44%) patients; 40 (15.4%) children had congenital glaucoma, and whole globe anomalies were observed in 18 (6.9%) children. Eighteen (7.9%) children had a family history of congenital anomalies. Associated systemic congenital anomalies were seen in 32 (12.9%) patients with the most common being cardiovascular anomalies in 13 (5.2%) patients. Children who had congenital cataracts were more likely to have multiple associated systemic anomalies (p<0.005). All the children who had associated cardiovascular anomalies had congenital cataracts (p= 0.001). Conclusion: The commonest ophthalmic congenital anomaly presenting for tertiary care in Ibadan is congenital cataract. Cardiovascular anomalies are the commonest systemic association of ophthalmic congenital anomalies. There is an urgent need for the establishment of a registry for congenital anomalies with effective screening and active surveillance within the Nigerian health system.
Ophthalmic congenital anomalies: spectrum and systemic associations in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
(2017) Olusanya, B. A.; Ayede, A. I.; Adeleye, A. O.; Olusanya, A. A.; Lawal, T. A.; Baiyeroju, A. M.; Ogunkunle, O. O.; Joel-Medewase, V. I.; Adebayo, B. E.; Akinrinoye, O. O.; Ashubu, O. F.; Omokhodion, S. I.
Background: To document the pattern of ophthalmic congenital anomalies and their associated systemic anomalies in Nigeria’s foremost university teaching hospital. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan from January 2009 to December 2013. Clinic and ward registers of various departments and units in the hospital were reviewed to identify children with any structural abnormality, present at birth, which involved the eye and/or its adnexae. Results: Two hundred and forty eight children with 259 ophthalmic congenital anomalies were studied. The median age was 1.2 years with an interquartile range of 4.6 years. The male to female ratio was 1.27:1. Congenital cataract was found in 109 (44%) patients; 40 (15.4%) children had congenital glaucoma, and whole globe anomalies were observed in 18 (6.9%) children. Eighteen (7.9%) children had a family history of congenital anomalies. Associated systemic congenital anomalies were seen in 32 (12.9%) patients with the most common being cardiovascular anomalies in 13 (5.2%) patients. Children who had congenital cataracts were more likely to have multiple associated systemic anomalies (p<0.005). All the children who had associated cardiovascular anomalies had congenital cataracts (p= 0.001). Conclusion: The commonest ophthalmic congenital anomaly presenting for tertiary care in Ibadan is congenital cataract. Cardiovascular anomalies are the commonest systemic association of ophthalmic congenital anomalies. There is an urgent need for the establishment of a registry for congenital anomalies with effective screening and active surveillance within the Nigerian health system.
Patency of the ductus arteriosus in newborns: experience in a special care baby unit
(2001) Omokhodion, S. I.; Baiyeroju-Agbeja, A. M.; Adegboye, V. O.; Adeyemo, A.; Lagunju, L. A.
A prospective cohort study of infants admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan, has revealed a 24.5 per cent prevalence of patency of the ductus arteriosus (PDA) among 97 infants, who were admitted over a six-month period. The major factor predisposing to PDA was prematurity (p=0.014). A higher incidence of PDA (35 per cent) Was found among the preterm infants, and of these preterm infants, the very low birth weight (VLB'W') infants were found to be more highly susceptible to PDA (p=0.028). The mean birth weight of the preterm infants who developed PDA in the study was 1447g, while that of those without PDA was 1835g. There was no relationship between the sex of the infants and the development of PDA. A strong association was however, found between respiratory distress and PDA (p<0.0001). Nine of the hospital mortalities recorded occurred in the preterm infants and more than half of them (55.5 percent) had PDA Thus, prematurity is a risk factor for PDA and the presence of a PDA appears to increase the risk for mortality for such infants. Evidence for PDAshould be sought in all premature infants and prompt and aggressive management of those infants who show signs of decompensation from PDA is recommended to reduce mortality from this disease.
Screening for retinopathy of prematurity in Ibadan
(1998-08) Baiyeroju-Agbeja, A.; Omokhodion, S. I.
Between January to June 1995, a prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in newborn infants of less than 1,500g birthweight or less than 31 weeks gestational age. 18 babies were eligible for inclusion in this study and only one developed ROP, a Stage 1, Zone III disease i.e. 5.5% of babies at risk. In spite of the low incidence compared with other studies', it is advisable to continue the collaboration between opthalmologists and neonatologists to prevent babies at risk from developing untreatable ROP, thereby increasing the number of blind children in our society.