Browsing by Author "Omoniyi T.E."

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A management approach to construction and demolition wastes in ibadan metropolis
(2014) Omoniyi T.E.; Akinyemi B.A.; Nwosu S.C.
The construction and demolition waste impacts negatively on the natural economy and the environment. This paper examines some engineering and management approaches such as waste segregation, reduction concept, reuse concept, waste exchange concept and waste rethink concept to construction and demolition wastes in Ibadan Metropolis. Two sites each were visited for construction and demolition activities to observe and quantity their waste characteristics. Construction site A is of a 40.375m length by 39.225m width storey building at decking slap stage with a total waste components of 2500Kg having 32% of it as wood(planks) and 36% of it as bamboo. Construction site B has 42.1m length by 24.385m width storey building at lintel stage has total waste components of 625.5Kg with 48% of it being wood(planks) and 0.90% of it being cement bags(sacks). Demolition site C has a total of 10850Kg with 92.2% of it as concrete/brick wastes and 0.50% of it constitutes electrical and paper materials and demolition site D of total waste components of 8630Kg has 93% of it as concrete/brick materials and 2.3% as metal wastes. These figures show that an enormous amount of wastes are generated from construction and demolition activities and if not properly managed, it could negatively impact our environment. Therefore, it is ideal that appropriate measures are taken to ensure effective management of these waste hence the various waste components identified in all the sites under consideration can be harnessed and transformed into other uses.
A review on the renewable energy from agricultural and forest residues in nigeria
(2021) Olorunnisola A.O.; Richards,A.; Omoniyi T.E.
Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources among them are residues from agricultural and forest sources. Since these residues are usually dumped in landfills as waste, constituting environmental and waste disposal problems, the need to utilise them is necessary in achieving the seventh and ninth targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. One of the avenues where agricultural and forest residues can be utilised is through biomass technology. Therefore, this paper assessed the potential conversion of these residues into useful and sustainable electricity generation in Nigeria. In addition, the paper gathers information from a pool of relevant reports on the current state of Nigeria’s power sector and the domestication of some small-scale biomass power plants across the country. In this review paper, it was found that Nigeria is one of the biggest economic power in Africa and has the potential to generate electricity and other bioenergy products from the present stock of biomass available in the country, thereby making the country self-sufficient in the provision of power supply and fuel production.
Application for patent stabilized cassava gel and its production technique
(2021) Kehinde A.; Omoniyi T.E.; Onilude M.A.
An invention in the production of a stabilised, and durable gel (having a long shelf-life of about two years), from cassava starch for applications as sizing-agent in pulp and paper making, wood-composites production, textile/laundry services and other relevant uses is presented. The new product called KAMOGEL is made by combining the pre-mixed and pre-determined quantities of cassava starch, water, preservatives, stabiliser/emulsifier, and essential oil sequentially.
Challenges and prospects of selected controlled environment agriculture (cea) structures in ibadan metropolis
(2014) Omoniyi T.E.; Akinyemi B. A.; Yussuff S.O.
Over the years, the concepts of climate change and global warming has been continually studied and its expected effects have been well documented. These environmental issues have reduced the effectiveness of open field agriculture and as such other cultivation methods had to be devised; controlled environment agriculture is one of such methods. This survey was conducted in three selected controlled environment agriculture structures within Ibadan City to determine the challenges and some environmental factors affecting the use of controlled environment agriculture structures in this area. The research methodology used included visual inspection, field measurements and personal interviews. The results showed that that only a few of the factors that could be controlled were being controlled in all the locations visited and that controlled environment agriculture is still in the research stage in Ibadan particularly when talking about the crop cultivation aspect. Other challenges in its usage included inadequate water supply, epileptic power supply, lack of adequate ventilation, litter management, egg cannibalism, feed management and poor maintenance. It was suggested that the controlled environment agriculture structures management should provide alternative power and also introduce devices that will aid air and heat movement as well as temperature control. Reuse of litter for manure and proper maintenance were also recommended
Combustion characteristics of briquettes produced from three binders and torrefied gmelina arborea (robx.) sawdust
(2023) Bello R.S.; Olorunnisola A.O.; Omoniyi T.E.; Onilude M.A.
Considering the energy potential of briquettes, there are several undesired harmful qualities such as intense yellow flame and smoke. Torrefaction was deemed a suitable technological solution, therefore, the study investigated the combustion properties of briquettes made from Gmelina arborea sawdust and three binders used print paper (UPP), newsprint (Np) and clay (CL). Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted using a hydraulic press and a biomass stove. The 3 torrefied feedstock samples (TS 30, TS 45 and TS 60 min) were mixed with binders at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% w/w at 1.67 kPa applied pressure and 5 min residence period to produce briquettes. The results were statistically analyzed at significance level using ANOVA. Results: Briquette densities decreased with an increase in torrefaction time with strong positive correlations between densities of the same binder type, concentration and torrefaction time. An increase in binder concentration enhanced the combustion characteristics of UPP and Np briquettes positively, with significant negative effects on CL briquettes. Torrefied used printing paper briquette burns with non-luminous flame and reduced smokiness as binder concentration increases, while newsprints briquette produced excessive smokes. Briquettes produced from used printing papers at 45 min torrefaction had better performances in terms of energy values, product flammability and reduced smokiness. Clay-bonded briquettes had delayed ignition 7-10 min and failed to burn with flame, rather than by char combustion. Conclusion: Torrefaction time, binder type and concentration had significant positive effects on the combustion characteristics. Clay had poor effects on combustion characteristics.
Design and fabrication of a hydrapulper for disintegrating disused tetra pak® beverage cartons
(2015) Fatoki J.G.; Omoniyi T.E.; Onilude M.A.
This study is aimed at producing paper from disused Tetra Pak® beverage cartons usually found in Nigerian landfills and dumpsites, creating environmental problems. Their use will reduce the overexploitation of trees in the forest for papermaking. A laboratory-scale hydrapulper of 80dm3 was designed and fabricated using locally sourced materials to make the disintegration process cost effective. The performance of the hydrapulper was evaluated at three carton slurry consistencies: low, medium and high consistencies where 3%, 8% and 13% of carton pieces were repulped in water respectively. The fabricated hydrapulper performed satisfactorily to disintegrate and separate the paper component of the cartons from its low density polyethylene and aluminum foil components. The highest average pulp yield of 60.57% was recorded at low consistency although there is no significant difference between the pulp yields at each consistency. It can be concluded that about 80% of the paper component of the carton can be recovered for papermaking.
Design and production specifications of machine for wood cement composite boards production
(2013) Omoniyi T.E.; Akinyemi B.A.; Olayiwola H.O.
Manual method of producing wood cement composites (WCCs) is time consuming, labour intensive and leads to inconsistent products. This paper reports the design and production specifications for a machine capable of automating the critical processes of mixing, blending, vibrating and compacting involved in WCC production for rural usage at a cottage level. It is a semi-continuous manually operated machine, made up of two broad units: the mixer and the former (conveyor cum press). The mixer is hand powered by a lever 500mm long at an average speed of 35rpm and has a capacity of 0.1514m3. The former is made up of rollers interconnected with chain drives and a freely rotating press roll. It is powered by a manually operated pulley system at an average speed of 4rpm. The mixer can save up to 52% of the total time required to achieve homogenous mix while the former can also reduce time required for board formation by 50%. The machine has an overall capacity of producing 30 Nos. of 12.5mm × 570mm × 570mm boards.
Development and performance evaluation of a briquette cooking stove
(2022) Omoniyi T.E.; Ojo O.O.
In this work, a briquette cooking stove was designed, fabricated, and tested using a mixture of sawdust from Cordia milleni and cow dung briquette as the fuel material. The briquette stove was designed and fabricated using locally sourced materials to provide heat conservation (insulated walls), ash collection, and sufficient air supply (6W rechargeable fan) for efficient combustion of the briquettes in the stove. The principal parts of the briquette cooking stove are the combustion chamber, ash pit, and pot support. The performance of the stove, in terms of cooking duration, thermal efficiency, and specific fuel consumption, was compared with that of the conventional kerosene stove and a traditional metallic charcoal-burning stove. The cooking duration, thermal efficiency, and specific fuel consumption of the briquette cooking stove were found to be 26.51 minutes, 86.34percentand 0.151 respectively. Results obtained showed that it takes less time and fuel material to cook with a briquette-burning stove than with a charcoal-cooking stove. It was also found out that the appropriate design of the briquette cooking stove configuration is critical for better performance.
Development and performance evaluation of a low-cost paper egg tray making machine
(2022) Amoo K.; Omoniyi T.E.; Onilude M.A.
Chicken eggs are extremely fragile and require protective packaging for handling, storage and delivery. Paper egg tray, the most globally acceptable package for eggs, is often im- ported, costly and scarce in Nigeria due to difficulties in procurement and management of standard machines for trays’ local production. Therefore, this study was intended to lo- cally develop and evaluate the performance of a low-cost paper egg tray-making machine to ease the local production and distribution of paper egg trays in Nigeria. Using metal scraps as construction materials and a sand-casting method for mould manufacture, a 30- cell paper egg tray-making machine was developed, and its performance was evaluated. Power rating determination of the machine was done using Logger Interface Program. The paper egg trays having dimensions of 300 ×300mm; cell diameter of 35mm; cell depth of 25mm; and wet and dry weights of 298.0 g and 86.0 g, respectively, were produced. The vibration resistance of the manufactured trays was compared with existing oness at a frequency of 5 Hz. The machine of 1.4 Kw power rating and sand-cast aluminum-alloy moulds was developed at a total cost of N76, 720 ($210). The machine could be oper- ated manually with a minimum of one employee, using reciprocating mould movement at a capacity of ten trays per hour. An acceptable paper egg tray was obtained with Chip- board (65.0%) and Newsprint (35.0%) wastepaper mix, fabric-mesh hole-size of ≤0.6 mm and pulp slurry of 4.0% consistency. The vibration resistance result showed that the egg failure by the manufactured and existing paper egg trays was moderate and comparable. The machine development could encourage waste management, youth employment, and affordable local paper egg tray manufacture and supply in Nigeria.
Development of a coir fibre extracting machine
(2020) Omoniyi T.E.; Ayodele E. B.
The traditional methods of extracting fibres from the coconut husks are extremely tedious and time-consuming and not suitable for large scale production. The objective of the study was to develop an efficient and effective, low-cost, coir fibre extracting machine from locally available resources. The machine consists of the hopper, crushing, sieving and the power transmission units, which were manufactured using standard manufacturing techniques. From the design analysis, a 6hp electric motor was required to drive the 0.00938m3 hopper capacity machine to produce a torque of 11.8Nm at 3000rpm. The flat-belt required to transmit power from one pulley to the other was 1.5m long and had a groove angle of 170, and a torsional moment of 11.98Nm was acting on a shaft of diameter 30mm. Performance evaluation showed that the efficiency of the crushing unit and sieving units respectively ranged from 72 to 96% and 81.9 to 82.1% at 8.0% M.C. The average throughputs for the crushing and sieving units were; 14.5kg/hr and 13.9kg/hr respectively. The machine developed will serve as a time, labour and money saver in successful extraction of coir fibres for composite productions and other applications.
Development of a disuse water sachet lacerating machine; a fibre source for cement composite production
(2020) Omoniyi T.E.; Akano D. I.
Disuse water sachet constitutes menace in developing countries; it is abundant, non-biodegradable and the disposal means are expensive, traditional and unhealthy. This paper reports the development of a machine capable of processing water sachets into fibres suitable for cement –composite production. The machine was designed to use fixed spikes and rotary sawing blades for shearing and lacerating the disuse sachets. The blades were rotated by a single phase 2hp electric motor at a speed of 1880 rpm transmitted by means of V-belt pulley system. The machine capacity and lacerating efficiency were 7.5kg/hr and 90.0%, respectively with a production cost of $225. The portable machine is expected to reduce environmental problems and enhance cement – composite properties.
Development of a multiple-piston hydraulic briquetting press hbp and characterization of newsprint briquettes produced
(2023) Bello R.S; Olorunnisola A.O.; Omoniyi T.E.; Onilude M.A.
Technical complexity, power source, cost, and product value are some challenging considerations in briquetting. Most of the available briquetting options are not sustainable due to these challenges, therefore, improved intermediate technology options requiring low energy consumption, high-energy product and acceptable combustion characteristics to meet these challenges are justified by developing a multiple-piston hydraulic briquetting press (HBP) and characterizing the briquettes produced from Gmelina arborea sawdust and newsprint binder. Materials and Methods: Sorted Gmelina arborea sawdust was mixed with pulped newsprint fibers in 5 ratios 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, respectively, to produce briquettes. The briquettes were characterized using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), British Standard (BS), and International Standards Organization (ISO) test procedures to determine briquette characteristics. Results: The machine output capacity was 96 briquettes/hour, with low production cost (NGN40, 000.00). The briquettes produced are structurally stable with dimensions: 15.00 mm internal hole, 80.00 mm external diameter, and 60.00 mm height. Low binder briquettes (90:10% wt/wt) are fragile and brittle, while higher binder briquettes are strong and durable. Binder concentration positively improves the combustion characteristics, while the time spent cooking 1 kg of yam is not significantly different for rice. The briquettes thermal efficiency in stove was significantly affected by binder concentration and stove characteristics. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study including high machine output capacity, briquettes’ stability, luminous flame and reduced smokiness showed positive quality contributions to densification study and hence, suitability for domestic heating.
Dimensional stability and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites produced from sawdust of anogeissus leiocarpus (ayin) with recycled polyethylene teraphthalate (pet) chips
(2017) Oladejo K.O.; Omoniyi T.E.
Wood Plastic Composite panels were produced using a locally fabricated extruding machine at a temperature of about 170°C-200°C. the Sawdust of Anogeissus leiocarpus(Ayin) and Recycled Polyethylene Teraphthalate (PET) Chips were mixed in the ratio 1:1 to 1:5 and densities of 770.58 kg/mm3, 888.65 kg/mm3, 1,114.71 kg/mm3, 1,117.58 and 1, 141.84 kg/mm3 respectively. The quantity of recycled polyethylene teraphthalate (PET) Chips and sawdust used in the panels production were later weighed as 10 g of wood, 90 g of plastic; 8 g of wood, 92 g of plastic; 6 g of wood, 94 g of plastic; 4 g of wood, 96 g of plastic and 2 g of wood, 98 g of plastic. The components were mixed and fed into the extruder where they were melted, blended and consolidated. The material was then extruded through a die into a mould of dimensions 3.2 mm × 12.7 mm × 125 mm, 12.7 mm × 12.7 mm × 25.4 mm based on ASTM D 790 and ASTM D 695 for both flexural modulus and compression tests. It was observed that the test sample with woodplastic ratio 1:5 had the highest Impact Strength, MOR and MOE values of 42.33 J/m2, 3.86 N/mm2 and 642.00 N/mm2 respectively. Panels produced from mixing ratio 1:5 had the lowest values of 0.00 and 1.10% for both water absorption and thickness swelling respectively, while the specific gravity and density for the panel with mixing ratio 1:1 is the lowest with values 0.77 and 770.58 kg/m3 respectively, after 2 days or 48 hours immersion test. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (Pr < 0.05) in all the physical and strength properties tests
Durability based suitability of bagasse-cement composite for roofing sheets
(2012) Omoniyi T.E.; Akinyemi B.A.
Accelerated and natural weathering of bagasse reinforced cement composite filled with rice ash pozollan used as roofing sheets were studied. In this paper, the durability of natural fibers such as sugarcane bagasse used as roofing sheets has been reported by conducting an experimental investigation. This investigation includes determination of mechanical strength properties such as compressive, tensile, modulus of rupture and flexural properties of the roof once every 3 months for a period of 8 years under alternate wetting and drying conditions and was exposed to ultraviolet light for the same period. The 8 years study showed no significant difference in the strength and sorption properties for the treated bagasse at 2% CaCl2 and the 20% replacement of cement with rice husk ash. This confirms that treated bagasse cement composite is suitable for both external and internal construction purposes.
Effect of residence time on characteristics of torrefied sawdust produced from gmelina arborea (roxb) wood
(2022) Bello R.S.; Olorunnisola A.O.; Omoniyi T.E.
Biomass feedstock remains a critical ingredient in all densification studies and the process conditions under which these materials were produced are significant to its performance. Conventionally, feedstocks are utilized in briquetting without major technological processing which is consequential on product characteristics. In this study, sawdust of Gmelina arborea subjected to thermochemical pre-treatment conditions was analysed and characteristics were compared with untreated material. Materials and Methods: Untreated sawdust of Gmelina arborea wood obtained from a sawmill in Ishiagu was torrefied at three residence times of 30 min, 45 and 60 min at a temperature of 250EC in a batch reactor and the products were characterized to determine their physical and chemical characteristics. Results: The particle-size distribution of untreated sawdust showed greater proportions of coarse and fine pin particles (58.03%) and (38.00%), respectively, requiring no grind with a mean particle density of 159.30±0.02. The proximate analysis of untreated sawdust at 7.78% moisture content revealed a volatile matter content of 72.93, 2.19% ash content and 17.10% carbon content. The proximate analysis of torrefied samples revealed a significant loss in volatile matter contents to 21.02% as residence time increased to 60 min, the fixed carbon increased from 17.10-65.38% and calorific values from 17.38 MJ kgG1 for raw sawdust to 26.28 MJ kgG1 as residence time increases. Reduction in volatile matter contents increased the energy values of torrefied sawdust. Conclusion: Thermochemical pretreatment of the feedstock significantly increase the material fixed carbon content and energy values of the Torrefied sample, reduced the volatile matter-the smoke-generating component of sawdust considerably and improved the product’s characteristics in briquetting.
Effects of binder concentrations and soaking time on combustion characteristics of briquettes produced from fermented gmelina arborea (roxb) sawdust and used print paper
(Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute (KTAE) Samsun, Türkiye, 2022) Bello R.S.; Olorunnisola A.O.; Omoniyi T.E.; Onilude M.A.
Low-density briquettes are known for having several undesirable characteristics, such as an intense yellow flame and smokiness that are too high for domestic applications. The pretreatment of feedstock has been identified as a tool for addressing these issues; however, process costs and variability conditions has significant impact on the selection and performance of these methods. Consequent on these, fermentation method was employed to investigate the effects of binder concentration and soaking time on briquettes produced from fermented G. arborea sawdust and used print paper binder in this work. Untreated sawdust samples were collected from sawmill's dumpsite and soaked for 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours under mesophilic and anaerobic conditions while used print paper were converted into pulped fiber. Briquette mix ratio by percentage weight proportions varied from (10:90-50:50) % dry basis. A statistical analysis of briquette densities revealed a significant positive correlation between the densities of fermented briquettes and the binder concentration at (p<0.05). Thermal efficiency decreased with increase in binder concentration with no significant difference in fermentation time, while the specific fuel consumption increased with increase in binder concentration. Fermentation time and binder concentration slightly improved the combustion characteristics of briquettes. Economic analysis suggested economic viability of the process.
Effects of waste glass powder as pozzolanic material in saw dust cement brick
(2014) Omoniyi T.E.; Akinyemi B.A.; Fowowe A.O
This work examines the possibility of using Waste Glass Powder (WGP) as a partial replacement of cement in saw dust composite brick to assess its pozzolanic activity and its effect on the properties of the composite. WGP was used to partially replace cement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% in the production of test samples of 100x100x100mm at binder sand mixing ratio of 1:6. After casting the cubes, they were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, capillary water absorption and volume porosity. The results indicated that WGP can be used as cement replacement material up to 30% at particle size less than 100μm to prevent alkali silica reaction and this can be utilized in the manufacture of non-load bearing sandcrete block without any unfavourable effect. The study further revealed that waste glass, if ground finer than 100μm shows a pozzolanic behaviour because it reacts with lime at early stage of hydration forming extra CSH gel thereby forming denser cement matrix. The early consumption of alkalis by glass particles mitigate alkali-silica reaction by increasing durability of composite brick which is manifested in the result of volume porosity, water absorption, capillary absorption as well as in the results of sample densities.
Engineering properties of acrylic emulsion polymer modified bamboo reinforced cement bonded composites
(2017) Akinyemi B.A.; Omoniyi T.E.
In this study, bamboo fibres from Bambusa Vulgaris species were used as reinforcement materials for acrylic emulsion polymer modified concrete to determine their engineering properties and elemental compositions. Moisture absorption, density and percentage voids were investigated as well as the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength at 28, 45 and 60 days of air curing. Acrylic polymers reduced moisture intake, increased the densities and led to another increase in percentage of voids but composite samples with bamboo fibre inclusions at 1.5% and 10% polymers with 1.5% fibre an 15% polymers showed better physical properties than those with polymers only. Compressive and split tensile strength tests had similar results of optimum strength at 45 days while flexural strength test had optimum value at 60 days of air curing. This showed that the properties of unreinforced concrete could be improved through addition of fibres and polymers for use in structural applications.
Fibre Characteristics of Paper and Paper Egg Tray Used In Southwestern Nigeria
(2016) Amoo K.; Onilude M.A.; Omoniyi T.E.
Fibre characteristics of paper and paper egg tray (locally manufactured and imported brands) used in Southwestern Nigeria was investigated. 14 different brands of paper and paperboard were selected to cover the available varieties of paper and paperboard for egg tray production. Paper samples were obtained from identified paper egg tray producing establishments, printing press and other sources in the region. A total of 9 paper egg tray brands of local and imported categories were also obtained for characterization based on users’ recommendation. 25mm by 25mm of each test specimen was put in test tube containing warm water of 50ºc, for 24 hours. Representative samples of separated fibres in the suspension were mounted on slides and measured under a Ritchert Light Microscope x80 magnification. Twenty (20) representative fibres were selected and measured in order to keep error below 5% for a 95% confidence level. Results obtained showed that sample papers and boards were made of heterogeneous fibrous materials; and their fibre quality compromised. Local paper egg trays were made of comparatively lower fibre quality.
Impact of cleaner production practices in the nigerian wood industry on sustainability and environmental performance
(2023) Adeniran D.A.; Omoniyi T.E.
Wood residues generated in Nigeria amount to approximately 5.2 million tonnes annually, highlighting the resource-intensive nature of the Nigerian wood industry. Cleaner production practices, which involve the identification and implementation of strategies to reduce raw material consumption, energy use, waste generation, and pollution, have been widely adopted in many countries. However, in Nigeria, the adoption of cleaner production practices remained limited. This study aims to review the potential impact of cleaner production practices in the Nigerian wood industry on productivity and the creation of a sustainable environment. It sheds light on the unique characteristics and challenges faced in the Nigerian wood industry that influence the widespread adoption of cleaner production practices. The study delved into the different phases of cleaner production implementation, emphasizing the importance of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. It highlighted the adoption of low-cost and practical cleaner production measures, debunking the misconception that cleaner production implementation is always costly. Furthermore, the study examined the prospects and challenges of implementing cleaner production measures within the specific context of Nigeria's peculiarities. It discussed comprehensive waste management strategies, noise control measures, materials modification, and substitution, as well as the application of cleaner production practices on machinery and equipment. The paper emphasised the need for stronger policies and their enforcement to ensure compliance with cleaner production practices in the wood industry. By promoting the adoption of cleaner production measures, the country can witness enhanced productivity, minimise waste, and create a sustainable and environmentally friendly wood industry sector.