Browsing by Author "Omoruyi, C. E."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Two Geographical Regions of Nigeria
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2017) Ifeorah, I. M.; Bakarey, A. S.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Adewumi, M. O.; Akere, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Awokunle, R. F.; Sekoni, D. E.; Adeniji, J. A.
This study was therefore designed to describe acute HEV infection among antenatal clinic attendees and community dwellers from two geographical regions in Nigeria. Seven hundred and fifty plasma samples were tested for HEV IgM by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The tested samples were randomly selected from a pool of 1,115 blood specimens previously collected for viral hepatitis studies among selected populations (pregnant women, 272; Oyo community dwellers, 438; Anambra community dwellers, 405) between September 2012 and August 2013. One (0.4%) pregnant woman in her 3rd trimester had detectable HEV IgM, while community dwellers fromthe two study locations had zero prevalence rates of HEV IgM.Detection of HEV IgM in a pregnant woman, especially in her 3rd trimester, is of clinical and epidemiological significance.The need therefore exists for establishment of a robust HEV surveillance system in Nigeria and especially amidst the pregnant population in a bid to improve maternal and child health.
Hepatitis B Virus Serological Markers in a Rural Community in Southeastern Nigeria
(SCIENCEDOMAIN International, 2017) Bakarey, A. S.; Ifeorah, I. M.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Adewumi, M. O.; Akere, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Olaleye, V. F.; Awokunle, R. F.; Sekoni, D.E.
Due to the current blood safety algorithm in Nigeria which excludes only Hepatitis B surface Antigenaemia (HBsAg) positive individuals from blood donation, this study was therefore designed to investigate HBV markers of infection in a rural population in southeastern Nigeria. It is a cross sectional community-based study. This study was carried out in Awuda village in Nnobi town of southeastern Nigeria in August 2013. A total of 92 consenting participants were enrolled for the study. The participants were screened for HBsAg, HBeAg, Anti-HBc IgM, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBe and Anti-HBs using ELISA technique and classified into different serological profiles indicative of infection stages. Respondents’ mean age was 26.3(SD +11.5) years and 58 of them were females while 34 were males. An overall prevalence for HBsAg was 1.1% (1/92). The same HBsAg positive individual also had detectable anti-HBe and anti- HBc IgM. Analysis of the results showed 3 (3.3%) of the study participants were positive for both Anti-HBe and Anti-HBc. Also, 12 (13.0%) participants were positive for only Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs antibody. Another 9 (9.8%) participants were positive for only Anti-HBs while 51 (55.0%) had no serological marker for previous exposure to either HBV or HBV vaccine. Altogether, 31(33.7%), 1(1.1%) and 21(22.8%) participants were positive for HBc, HbcIgM and HBs antibodies respectively. This study has demonstrated that at least 1 out of every 3 people in the studied community might have serological evidence of present or past HBV infection. The current dependence of blood safety algorithms which excludes only HBsAg positive individuals is not enough to guarantee safety of blood and/or blood products. More studies are needed to further investigate the theoretical basis of the algorithm.
Patterns of serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of transmission among pregnant women in southwestern Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Ifeorah, I. M.; Bakarey, A. S.; Adewumi, M. O.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Akere, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Uttah, C. C.; Oketade, M. A.; Adeniji, J. A.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health concern in developing countries that has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Vertical transmission of HBV from mother to child has been identified as a major factor leading to chronicity with attendant liver conditions, especially in poor socioeconomic settings. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of serological HBV markers among pregnant women in Ibadan southwestern Nigeria and to determine the implications for perinatal HBV transmission. This study revealed the presence of varied HBV serological patterns of infection or immunity among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, and thus the risk of mother to child transmission.
Prevalence, socio-demographic features and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Southwestern Nigeria
(African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), 2015) Anaedobe, C. G.; Fowotade, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Bakare, R. A.
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus is responsible for 50%-80% of Hepatocellular carcinoma cases worldwide. In Nigeria, vertical transmission remains a major route of Hepatitis B virus infection. Primary (vaccines and post-exposure prophylaxis) and secondary prevention of HBV transmission by appropriate sexual and sanitary practices are not yet optimal in the country yet measures for early detection (serological, molecular) and treatment of infected pregnant women is not a practice. This study aimed at identifying the prevalence and risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at the Ante-natal clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. One hundred and eighty pregnant women were recruited from March to August 2013, and tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (BIORAD FRANCE) using third generation ELISA, as well as HIV-1 and 2 using Uni-Gold Recombigen and ALERE determine (a rapid immunoassay designed to detect antibodies to HIV 1 and/or 2). Positive HBsAg samples were tested for Hepatitis B envelope antigen, antibody and Hepatitis B core antibody (DIAPRO Italy) while serum HBV DNA was detected using PCR. Data were obtained using questionnaires to establish and analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 8.3% out of which 26.7% were positive for HBeAg, 53.3% had HBeAb, 20% had neither HBeAg nor HBeAb, 100% had total HBcAb and 86.7% had HBV DNA in their serum. The mean age was 32.1years, the highest HBV infection rate occurred in 25-29 year age group. Multiple sexual partners (OR- 3.987, P-value=0.026) and early age at sexual debut (OR 11.996, P- value=0.022) were independent risk factors for HBV infection. Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus infection is of high endemicity in Nigeria thus early detection, treatment of infected pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis for exposed newborns and surveillance for those with chronic infection is essential. Health education programs on prevention and control measures must be instituted.
Profiles of Hepatitis B Virus Serological Markers among Asymptomatic Population in Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria
(SciTechnol, 2017) Bakarey, A. S.; Ifeorah, I. M.; Adewumi, M. O.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Akere, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Uttah, C. C.; Oketade, M. A.; Adeniji, J. A.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is apparent in endemic countries affecting millions of people. Further, the asymptomatic nature of the pathogen is a major public health concern. This study was designed to assess the burden of HBV by exploring the serologic markers of infection among consenting asymptomatic community dwellers in two cities in southeastern Nigeria. A total of 405 blood specimens were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, total anti-HBc and anti-HBc-IgM using ELISA technique. Overall, 14(3.5%) of the participants had detectable HBsAg out of which 1 (7.1%) had HBeAg and 13, anti-HBe. Two of the HBsAg positives (14.3%) had detectable anti-HBc-IgM. A total of 144 (35.5%) had detectable anti-HBc, even as 65 (57.0%) of them had the marker as the only serologic evidence of HBV exposure. Thirty-seven (9.1%) participants had anti-HBs only although all of them were born before the start of the childhood HBV vaccination. Altogether, 224 (57.3%) had no detectable serological markers of HBV infection or immunity and were obviously at risk ofHBV infection. This study described various patterns of HBV serologic markers of infection in the study population and probable risk of viru spread. Our results support the need for urgent intervention and implementation of measures to control the spread of HBV infection in Nigeria.