Browsing by Author "Oni, O. O."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Partograph utilization and clinical decision making: A veritable tool in reducing maternal mortality in the 21st century.
(2023) Famutimi, E. O.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Oni, O. O.; Olagunju, A. S.; Okanlawon, F. A.
Introduction and Objective: Poor obstetric outcomes in Nigeria with its attendant implications for measuring health indices have remained a significant health concern. The occurrence of adverse events due to unsafe care is a major contributor to the causes of maternal morbidity and mortality globally. The main objective of this study was to assess the pattern of admission as well as the outcome of Obstetrics practices in Oluyoro Catholic Hospital (OCH) Ibadan. Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive analysis of medical records of 194 cases managed between Janu-ary and December 2018. Using a proforma, data was obtained on obstetric characteristics of patients, indications for admission, outcome of pregnancy and the interventions received during patient's admission into the maternity ward. The socio-demographic characteristics were described sequentially with frequency tables and percentages. Chi-square statistics was used to determine the association between categorical variables at 5% level of statistical significance. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.45 + 4.83 years and the majority, 183 (94.3%), of them were booked. Common indications for admission were onset of labour pains 74 (38.1%), and elective induction of labour 38 (19.6%). Two-fifths, 79 (40.7%) of the respondents had intrapartum augmentation of labour with oxytocin. The prevalence of episiotomy in this study was 22.2% while 5.2% had laceration. Majority, 182 (93.8%) had live babies out of which 8.2% required admission into the neonatal intensive care unit. Conclusion: Overall findings showed that the obstetric practices in the study setting were within the margin of acceptable standard and efforts to sustain the obstetric skills and practices of healthcare providers should be maintained.
Sexual Discourse Among Students in Selected Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria
(2012) Oni, O. O.
Sexual discourse refers to sex-related verbal activities that many Nigerian tertiary institution students engage in. Existing studies have addressed sexual discourse from socio-cultural, sociolinguistic and critical linguistic perspectives but have not adequately studied its pragmatic import, especially in relation to encounters centering on sexual intercourse. This study, therefore, investigates the discourse forms, contextual features, pragmatic functions, and attitudes to and perception of the language of sex among students of tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. This is with a view to identifying the context-determined roles of language in and the impact of gender and religion on the students‟ sexual discourse. The study adopted aspects of conceptual metaphor, together with pragmemic and contextual beliefs theories. Forty purposive tape recordings of students‟ conversations were made, and copies of a questionnaire were administered to 760 students in eight tertiary institutions in Lagos State, selected on stratified and purposive bases: two universities, three polytechnics and three colleges of education. Four hundred structured interviews were conducted with 50 students in each of the institutions, and eight focus-group discussions were held with six students each in the institutions. Participant observation was randomly undertaken on the students‟ interactions. While the qualitative data were subjected to content-analysis, Pearson and student t-test were used to test the hypotheses formulated at 0.01 and 0.05 levels of significance. Two discourse forms characterise the encounters: plain euphemisms and metaphors. Plain euphemisms bifurcate into sound indicative and sense indicative euphemisms; metaphors trifurcate into euphemistic, dysphemistic and slangy metaphors. Euphemistic metaphors are derived from five source domains: food/fruit, security, mysticism, leisure/sport and everyday language; dysphemistic metaphors from the army, carpentry, food/meat and everyday language; and slangy metaphors from sports, music, Internet and Nigerian cultures. Three main contextual features are observed: Shared Cultural Knowledge (SCK), Shared Situational Knowledge (SSK) and Shared Experiential Knowledge (SEK). SCK and SSK are characterised by the use of slangy words, metaphors and indexicals, and SEK by attitudinal markers, and linguistic and cognitive mappings. There are three practs in the interactions: amusing, informing, and criticising. Six allopracts are identified: three for criticizing; two for informing; and one for amusing. The quantitative analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between students‟ attitudes to and their perception of sexual discourse(r = .443, P<.01); that a significant difference exists in the attitude of male and female students to sexual discourse ( t = 3.71 P<0.5); and that male and female students‟ perception of sexual discourse differ (t = 2.459, P < .05). Although there is a significant difference in the attitude of Muslim and Christian students to sexual discourse ( t = 2.284, P<.05), there is no significant difference in their perception of sexual discourse . Lagos State tertiary institution students deploy creative linguistic forms with context-sensitive functions in their sexual discourse; attitude, perception, gender and religion play important roles in the discourse. Thus, understanding the language of sex and associated socio-emotional variables among the students requires background knowledge of the social, linguistic and interactional resources the students draw upon in their sexual discourse