Browsing by Author "Osayomi, T."

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    Effect of land use, time of day and vehicle type on seat belt use in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2012-03) Akinyemi, Y. C.; Taiwo, O. J.; Osayomi, T.; Olaniran, H. D.
    The seat belt has been proven to be effective in the reduction of traffic injuries and deaths. Despite the efficacy and strict enforcement of legislation, it has been frequently underutilized in many countries including Nigeria.The aim of this study was to investigate the seat belt use rate, and determine the effect of land use types, vehicle types and time of day on observed rates in a local government area of Lagos state, Nigeria. A two-day cross-section observational survey was conducted in three observation points, The use rates by land use type, time of day and vehicle type were observed. A total of 40,753 vehicles were evaluated. In general, 43.1 percent of drivers observed used the seat belt. The highest seat belt compliance rate was observed in the residential sector (55.8%), among private cars (65.1%), and between 1.00pm and 4.00pm (44.8%). The chi-square analysis confirmed significant differences in seat belt use across three land use types (X2=609.72, p = 0.001), vehicle types (X2= 11780.31; p = 0.001) and time of day (X2- 59.86; p= 0.001). More seat belt education and stricter enforcement of the seat belt regulation were suggested to raise the level of seat belt use in concerned areas, vehicle types and at the affected time intervals.
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    Perceived causes, exposures and adjustments to seasonal heat in different residential areas in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Springer, 2012) Taiwo, O. J.; Olaniran, H. D.; Osayomi, T.
    Local perception can be an important resource for assessing and managing climate-related extremes and identifying adjustment strategies unique to specific settings. The objectives of the study are two-fold. Firstly, it examined the perceived causes, exposures and adjustments to seasonal heat events using different residential density areas of Ibadan, Nigeria, as spatial units of analysis. Secondly, it investigated the relationship between heat exposure, built environment, socio-economic and cultural factors. Results show that intense heat from the sun, climate change and absence of rains, among others, was identified as perceived causes. Number of electricity hours, distance from water supply points and the number of neighborhood trees were listed as the three most important factors affecting heat exposure. In addition, there were considerable variations in the perceived causes (F = 4.86, p<0.05), in exposures (F = 3.61, p<0.05), and in adjustments to seasonal heat (F = 8.75, p<0.05) across different residential density areas in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study demonstrates that local knowledge based on the perceptions, exposures and adjustments to seasonal heat waves has the potential in some cases to provide valid inputs into vulnerability and adaptation assessments.