Browsing by Author "Osinowo, H.O."

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    Evaluation of the effect of cognitive therapy on perioperative anxiety and depression among Nigerian surgical patients
    (2003) Osinowo, H.O.; Olley, B. O.; Adejumo, A. O.
    Study Objective: Surgical patients have been known to benefit immensely from psychological intervention. This study sets out to assess the pre and post operative anxiety levels and depression and the effect of cognitive therapy among Nigerian surgical patients. The effects of gender and educational status on preoperative anxiety and depression were also evaluated. Study design: The study utilized a controlled outcome design to evaluate the efficacy of self- instructional training (SIT) and rational emotive therapy (RET) in surgical patients. Preoperative anxiety and depression scores were used as co-variants. Patients: Thirty-three (33) elective surgical patients were sampled randomly, divided into three groups of eleven (11) patients each. Eight (8) subjects underwent gynaecological procedure while the remaining 25 subjects had general surgical procedures. The mean age was 32.72± 15.83 years (range= 17-16 years). Measurements: the major instruments used in the study were the State Anxiety Subscale of the Speilberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Inventory. Main results: AIT had the potential to reduce anxiety levels among subjects postoperatively (t=2.06; df-10; p<0.05). The use of RET reduced depression among surgical patients (t=1.23; df=10; p<0.05). Conclusions: it was concluded that surgical patients manifest varying degrees of anxiety preoperatively and postoperatively. Patient’s pre and postoperative anxiety and depression can be reduced by the introduction of SIT and RET.
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    Following psychometric procedures: the development and validation prison distress scale (PDS)
    (Cenresin Publications, 2017) Ajala, A. M.; Osinowo, H.O.; Ineme, M.E.; Okhakume, S. A.; Oyeleke, J. T.
    This study adopted qualitative and quantitative methods to develop and validate Prison Distress Scale as a tool for detecting onset of mental illnesses among convicted prison inmates. The study was conducted in two phases. During the first phase, the initial 51 items were generated through Focus Croup Discussion CFGD) using 24 convicted inmates and Fey Informant Interview (KlI) using 5 convicted. They were purposively sampled from Agodi Prison. Two clinical psychologists and 1 rehabilitation psychologist validated the FCD and Kll Guides. During the second phase, 5 clinical psychologists validated the initial 51 items leaving a total of 47 items. They were administered to 220 convicted inmates were purposively selected from Oyo and Ogbomoso prisons. Their responses were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS Version 17 and 15 items were found reliable with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.84, Spearman Brown Co-efficient of 0.89, and Guttman Split-half Reliability of 0.85. Alpha for the splitted items (A= 0.91 and B = 0,85) were reliable.. The scale was further analyzed using exploratory factor - analysis and van max rotation to address the dimensionality of the scale. The Bartlett Test, Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA), and Bartlett Test of Sphericity indicated that the correlation matrix had significant correlations can be factorized. Kaiser-Meyer measure of MSA and Exploratory Factor Analysis yielded five factors explaining a total of 65.26% of the total variance (FMO (91) = 1575.94) and factor loading for the items ranged from 0.58 to 0.78. Factors yielded include Frustration (r= 0.76), Mental Distress (r = 0.70), Loss of Freedom (r = 0.74), and Socio- Emotional., Deprivation A r= 0.62). They formed the sub-scales in the instrument. For the external convergence validity, overall distress was correlated with the Spielbergers State Anxiety Scale and the result demonstrated a strong convergent .validity (r = 0.42, p<.05).The cross validation of Prison Distress Questionnaire with Davidson Trauma Scale yielded low discriminant coefficient of -.52. With this, Nigeria now has a psychological instrument to measure distress among prison inmates