Browsing by Author "Osotimehin, B. O."

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Dietary salt and the glycaemic response to meals of different fibre content
(The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1989) Akanji, A. O.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Ezenwaka, C.; Abbiyesuku, F. A.; Osotimehin, B. O.
In attempting to resolve the existing controversy on the effect of dietary salt intake on glycaemic responses, wc investigated post-prandial plasma glucose levels in 10 healthy normal weight non-diabetic Nigerian subjects (aged 23.1 years ± 1.3 (s.e.m.) with body mass index, BMI 19.9 ± 0.6kg/m2) consuming equal amounts of carbohydrate from glucose, boiled yam (tow fibre content of 0.9 per cent raw tuber weight) and boiled black-eyed peas (high fibre content of 4.8 per cent dry weight) with and without added table salt (4.25g). The results indicated no significant differences in fasting, peak and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations and total and incremental areas under the 3-h glucose/time curves in the subjects consuming each meal with and without added salt. Added salt had no influence on the glycaemic index of each meal. We conclude that salt has no effect on the glycaemic response to plain glucose or meals with varying fibre content even in a population known to demonstrate defects in salt handling.
Immunologlubulin classes and nutritional factors in plasma and breast milk of lactating Mothers in Nigeria
(Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 2006) Charles-Davies, M.; Arinola, G.; Sanusi, R.; Osotimehin, B. O.
Background: Breast milk is important for the overall well-being of infants. Although lactation is relatively robust in the face of poor nutrition, the implication of poor nutrition on non-nutritive factors in breast milk is inconclusive. Objective: This study was designed to find associations between nutritional and immune factors in maternal blood and breast milk with the aim to improve the needed public and individual strategies for a healthy infant. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 61 lactating Nigerian women aged 23-40years within the first 3 months postpartum. Anthropometric measurements were obtained while nutritional factors (total protein, albumin) and immunoglobulin classes (IgG, A and M) were estimated by Biuret, Bromocresol green and single radial immunodiffusion methods respectively in maternal plasma and breast milk. Results: Most (73.5%) of the lactating mothers had normal mean body mass index (i.e. not under weight nor obese) and the mean levels of plasma total protein, albumin, IgG, IgA and IgM were within normal reference ranges in these mothers. Nutritional and immunological indices increase in the plasma with length of lactation but decrease in breast milk with lactation. There were no correlation between BMI, plasma indices and milk indices in these lactating mothers. Conclusion: This study supports the superiority of colostrum over transitional or matured milk for the protection and nourishment of infants.
Plasma glucose and thiocyanate response to different mixed cassava meals in non-diabetic Nigerians
(The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1990-01) Akanji, A. O.; Adeyefa, I.; Charles-Davies, M.; Osotimehin, B. O.
We measured plasma glucose and thiocyanate levels before and up to 4 h after feeding 11 overnight fasted healthy non-diabetic volunteers randomly on three occasions each with three locally consumed cassava meals: (i) gari as eba 50 g; (ii) lafun 50 g and (iii) parboiled cassava flakes 76 g. Each of these meals contained 175 kcal (0.7 MJ) and was consumed with a sauce to a total caloric value of 300 kcal (1.26 MJ). On the fourth visit, each volunteer consumed 75 g glucose. While the peak and 2-h glucose values were greatest with oral glucose (P less than 0.01), they were similar with the three cassava meals, although tended to be lowest with lafirn. Similarly, areas (incremental and total) under the glucose/time curves were highest with oral glucose (P less than 0.05), but while eba and cassava flakes were similar, lafun had the lowest values (P less than 0.05). Plasma thiocyanate levels were unchanged after ingestion of oral glucose and eba, but increased to peak values (P less than 0.05) by 14 per cent on cassava flakes and by 23 per cent on lafun. We conclude that post-prandial glycaemia and plasma thiocyanate levels after cassava meals depend on the mode of preparation of the meal and that lafun showed the least glycaemic response of the three cassava meals tested although it caused the greatest increase in plasma thiocyanate levels. These findings suggest that a cyanogenetic potential does not always reflect a tendency to hyperglycaemia.
Reproductive hormones in infertility and infection in sub-saharan African males
(2001) Charles-Davies, M. A.; Osotimehin, B. O.
The male factor is now recognised as a major contributor to a couples’ infertility. The role of reproductive hormones in male infertility is however controversial. This study therefore, was designed to investigate the role of reproductive hormones in male infertility in sub-Saharan Africa. 3 groups of subjects between 18-56 years were investigated. 25, 42 and 45 were recruited in fertile, infertile and sexually transmitted diseases (STDS). Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone(LH) and prolactin were estimated using the immunoradiometric assay technique while testosterone was estimated using radioimmunoassay technique utilizing commercially available kits (ICN Biomedical Inc.).Statistical analysis was done using students t-test and anova (one way) for comparison of means. FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone were similar between fertile and infertile groups and between normospermic and dyspennic infertile groups. However, all except, prolactin were similar in STDs and fertile groups. Hormonal abnormalities may not be a major contributor to male infertility. However, role of prolactin in infertility and infection requires further studies.
Sexually transmitted diseases and male infertility in the Nigerian
(Klobex Academic Publishers, 2003-02) Charles-Davies, M. A.; Osotimehin, B. O.
Infection related infertility is common in Nigeria. The study was designed to evaluate the involvement of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the pathogenesis of male infertility. One hundred and eighty-two male subjects aged 18-56 years were investigated-fertile (85), infertile (50), men with STDs (47). Semen was analysed according to WHO guidelines and appropriate statistical tests performed. Over 65% of subjects with STDs had gonorrhea and non-specific urethritis(NSU). More than two-thirds of STDs subjects (76.4%) were dyspermic and oligospermia was most frequently observed in infertile subjects (30%). Sperm count, percentage motility and morphology were significantly lower in infertile than fertile controls (P<0.001) while percentage motility was significantly lower in men with STDs than fertile controls (P = 0.005). Gonorrhea and NSU are still prevalent in the Nigerian society. STDs may cause infertility in the African male by reducing sperm motility and semen volume.
Spermatozoal, seminal plasma and blood sperm antibodies in Nigerian males
(2001) Charles-Davies, M. A.; Osotimehin, B. O.
Infertility is common in Nigeria and the male role is now well recognized. Sperm antibodies (SA) have been observed as a cause of infertility and their production have in some circumstances been attributed to chronic infection of the genital tract. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and infection-related infertility are reportedly highly prevalent in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the role of sperm antibodies and determine the involvement of STDs in the production of such SA among Nigerians. 122 adult males aged 18-56 years were investigated. 25 were normospermic, fertile males with no evidence of STDs and served as controls. 50 were infertile without STDs while 47 had proven STDs Immunobead binding technique was used for the detection of SA directly on the sperm cell, in seminal and blood plasma. Student’s t-test and anova (one-way) were used for statistical analysis of data obtained. Results showed that SA- IgG, IgA and IgM were present in blood and semen. However, mean percentage binding of these SA on motile sperm was low (<4%). Comparisons of SA in blood and semen between infertile/STDs groups and. fertile controls were not significantly different (p>0.05) The findings suggest that sperm antibodies are present but may not be associated with STDs or infertility in Nigeria males.
Spermatozoal, seminal plasma and blood sperm antibodies in Nigerian males
(2001) Charles-Davies, M. A.; Osotimehin, B. O.
Infertility is common in Nigeria and the male role is now well recognized. Sperm antibodies (SA) have been observed as a cause of infertility and their production have in some circumstances been attributed to chronic infection of the genital tract. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and infection-related infertility are reportedly highly prevalent in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the role of sperm antibodies and determine the involvement of STDs in the production of such SA among Nigerians. 122 adult males aged 18-56 years were investigated. 25 were normospermic, fertile males with no evidence of STDs and served as controls. 50 were infertile without STDs while 47 had proven STDs Immunobead binding technique was used for the detection of SA directly on the sperm cell, in seminal and blood plasma. Student’s t-test and anova (one-way) were used for statistical analysis of data obtained. Results showed that SA- IgG, IgA and IgM were present in blood and semen. However, mean percentage binding of these SA on motile sperm was low (<4%). Comparisons of SA in blood and semen between infertile/STDs groups and. fertile controls were not significantly different (p>0.05) The findings suggest that sperm antibodies are present but may not be associated with STDs or infertility in Nigeria males.
Zinc in infertility and infection
(Klobex Academic Publishers, 2002-06) Charles-Davies, M. A.; Osotimehin, B. O.
Seminal zinc may be associated with seminal and prostatic function. The role of zinc in genital tract infection and infertility is controversial. The study was undertaken to elucidate the role of zinc in infertility and infection in order to explain the increasing rise in male infertility. Eighty-three adult males aged 18-56 years participated in the study. 25 were fertile, 45 were infertile while 15 had sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Zinc was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Students t-test and ANOVA- one way were used for analysis of data. Seminal zinc values were not significantly different between groups tested and within the infertile groups (p > 0.05). It is suggested that seminal zinc may have little or no contribution to infection and infertility.