Browsing by Author "Oyejola, B. A."

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Analysis of trends and projections of the emergence, impact and the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria
(Nigerian Statistical Association, 2010) Akpa, O. M.; Oyejola, B. A.
The first case of AIDS was reported in Nigeria-(Lagos) in 1986. Since then, both the incidence and the prevalence of the epidemic has grown steadily, particularly during the military regimes. In this study, We used the UNAIDS softwares: Estimation and Projection Package-(EPP) and AIDS Impact Mode/-(AIM), to present models, trends analysis and projections/or the incidence a/HIVIAIDS in the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. 0111' results show that the peak incidence 0/HIVIAIDS epidemics in the zones was during the Military rule in Nigeria. We also projected that by year 2010, the incidence are expected to be stable.
Empirical Power Comparism of Three Correlation Coefficients
(Medwell Journals, 2008) Matthew, O. M.; Oyejola, B. A.
A Comparison of Pearson's moment (r), Kendall's (t) and the Spearman's rank (r2) correlations was made to find out when they may be suitable for use, particularly when the assumptions that support their use are violated. Bi-variate Samples of size n = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 100 from the normal and exponential distributions with population correlation values of p = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.9 (chosen to represent positive correlation between 0 and 1) were used. The power function for a = 0.01 and 0.05 was calculated for the tests. For the normal distribution, the Pearson's moment correlation coefficient was discovered to be the more powerful. However, in the exponential distribution, the power of the Pearson's moment correlation coefficient was lower than those of the non-parametric correlation coefficients, except for small sample sizes i.e, n≤15.
Modeling the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS epidemics: an introduction and a review
(Open Learning, 2010) Akpa, O. M.; Oyejola, B. A.
Introduction: One of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in the Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among young adults, is HIV/AIDS. Many mathematical models have been suggested for describing the epidemiology as well as the epidemiological consequences of the epidemic. A review of some these models would aid researchers in applying them to better understand and control the incidence and distribution of the disease in their countries. Methodology: This study reviews some of the models proposed by various authors for describing the epidemiology as well as the epidemiological consequences of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and how some of them could be modified to suit the situations in other countries. We also discuss the limitations and the place of such models in the fight against the HIV epidemic. Results: A clear explanation of the premises and assumptions on which the models were based was reached by reviewing the models across different scenarios. Conclusion: Mathematical models have been very useful in HIV research, particularly for empirical studies on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). These models make predictions that generate questions of social and ethical interest.
Statistical modelling of HIV/AIDS epidemics; Nigeria’s most needful statistical support for meeting the MDGs in HIV/AIDS intervention initiatives.
(Nigerian Statistical Association, 2006) Akpa, O. M.; Oyejola, B. A.
Since the first cases of AIDS were identified in the United State of America nearly two decades ago, researchers have made significant progress in understanding the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS Pandemic worldwide, with special attention to Sub-Saharan Africa. However, no particular attempt has been made to Model either the transmission dynamics or the trajectory of HIV/AIDS infection in Nigeria. In this paper, we review various methods adopted by Mathematicians and statisticians to Model HIV/AIDS epidemics. Their peculiar applicability and limitations with reference to Nigeria are discussed. We also discuss why Statistical Modeling of HIV/AIDS Epidemics is one of the most needed Statistical support for meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), particularly in Nigeria.