Browsing by Author "Salau, T. A. O."

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Analysis of traffic inflow to a university campus in a developing country:a rescale range approach
(2007-10) Alabi, B.; Salau, T. A. O.; Oke, S. A.
"All over the world, there is an increasing enrolment level for university admissions in view of the ever-increasing benefits of earning university degrees. Thus, the high population of students in many universities, coupled with a high number of vehicles has made traffic control a challenge to University traffic managers. In this paper, the method of Resca1e Range Analysis (RRA) was used to estimate the Hurst Exponent Value (HEV) for the traffic inflow through the main entrance gate of a university as a control measure. Data from a university in the developing countries was collected and analysed. The number of vehicles that entered consecutively per five minutes was observed between 07:00 and 19:00 over a 144 count and 17 independent cases constructed between adjacent cases. Rescale Range Algorithm platform is then used for the data, and coded in FORTRAN Language. With a case made up of 128 consecutive five-minute dependent traffic inflow records, a total of 3348 vehicles entered the university community within the studied period while the average number of vehicles inflow per hour was 279. Average number of vehicles that entered per five minutes was 24. No vehicle entered between 13:25 and 13:30. For all cases, the estimated HEV range between 0.5742 and 0.6955. The computed average HEV was 0.6303, the coefficient of fitness (R2) for all cases range between 0.9552 and 0.9787, while the computed average value was 0.9680. The HEV greater than 0.5 estimated for all cases is an indication of positive con-elation called Persistent. It expresses the fact that there are extended periods in which the traffic inflow to the university community deviated from the long term mean. This information is useful for vehicle garage design. For reliable estimates of the average HEV for design purposes, the study period should be extended to a whole week or an academic session. "
The application of fractal box dimensions in predicting the emission characteristics of colliding sawdust particles for sustainable sawmilling
(CSIRO Publishing, 2012) Salau, T. A. O.; Oke, S. A.
"The prediction of emission characteristics of sawdust particles immediately after the cutting operation from the interaction of band saw's blade and plank is a growing research area. Still, a wide gap exists with respect to understanding the behaviour of sawdust particles as they collide with one another. Previous efforts have focused on non-collision states of sawdust particles. However, in real life, collision of particles must occur. With several particles colliding after the cutting operation. This paper establishes a new perspective of the fractal properties of sawdust particles in motion as a motivation to understanding how to control its toxicitv of effects on sawmill workers and maintain sustainable sawmilling activities. In particular, the possibility of predicting the fractal dimension of the randomly moving sawdust particles in sawmills that is generated as fractal curves using the combination of probabilities and theoretical fractal dimensions is investigated for the first time. Cases were established on the possible representations of the theory and practice. As an example, four cases were designed around varied number of fractal pattern combinations drawn out of five and fifty different probabilities combinations, ten different random number generating seed values and maximum of four fractal curves generation iterations as driven parameters. Preliminary study of the differences between theoretical fractal box dimension recorded a maximum absolute percentage error of 7.24% for fractal curve associated with fractal pattern five (i.e. Koch 5). In all the cases studied, average absolute percentage error decreases between 3.52 ± 1.18 and 1.51 ± 1.14 while the correlation coefficient (R2) decreases between 0.9315 and 0.7365 from case 1 to case 4, respectively. It is concluded that the model is a good predictor of sawdust particle emission at colliding states from cutting operation. This is reflected in the fact that the higher the number of fractal patterns (generators) in a study case, the smaller the correlation coefficient between average estimated fractal box dimension and predicted fractal dimension of the sawdust particles in motion in the sawmill. "
Application of average positive lyapunov in estimation of chaotic response peak excitation frequency of harmonically excited pendulum
(International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, 2013-07) Salau, T. A. O.; Ajide, O. O.
"The fact that the drive parameters space of harmonically excited pendulum consist of mix parameters combination leading to different dynamics phenomena including chaotic and periodic responses is a strong motivation for this study aim at estimating the peak frequency that favour chaotic response. Simulation of pendulum and estimation of the average Lyapunov exponents by Grahm Schmidt Orthogonal rules at parameter nodal points selected from damp quality (2.0≤q≤ 4.0). excitation amplitude (0.9≤g ≤1.5) and drive frequency (0.5 ≤ ωD≤1.0) were effected using popular constant time step Runge-Kutta schemes (RK4, RK5 and RK5B) from two initial conditions through transient and steady periods. The impact of resolution on the measure of percentage of parameters combination leading to chaotic response (PPCLCR) was examined at resolution levels (RI to R5) for increasing drive frequency. The validation cases were from those reported by Gregory and Jerry (1990) for (ώᶹ,q,g≡ 2/3,4,1.5) and (ωυq,g≡ 2/3,4,1.5) simulated from (0. 0) initial conditions. Corresponding validation results compare well with reported results of Gregory and Jerry (1990). The estimated peak frequency (0.6 radian /s) is the same across studied resolutions initial conditions and Runge-Kutta schemes. The peak value of PPCLCR is 69.5. 69.4 and 69.4 respectively for RK4. RK5 and RK5B at initial conditions (0. 0). When initial conditions is (I. 0) the corresponding PPCLR value changes in significantly to 69.6. 69.7 and 69.6 for RK4, RK5 and RK5B. Therefore affirms the utility and reliability of Lyapunov exponent as chaotic response identification tool. "
The application of duffing's equation in predicting the emission characteristics of sawdust particles
(2010-09) Salau, T. A. O.; Oke, S. A.
"Sawdust particles soon after emission from the cutting machine usually move dynamically with transformation in some dimensions. This paper models the sawdust particle motion as a two dimensional transformation system of continuous time series. Cost could be saved using this approach instead of utilizing dynamic systems that depend on time history Two dimensional graphical representation of continuous time series of Duffing's dynamic system for sawdust particles was investigated with emphasis placed on application to sawdust particle motion and the saw machines. Pr~liminary studies were made using the harmonic functions, F(t) = Cos(wt) and F(t) = Sin(wt), for their familiarity in both science and technology communities. The solution to Duffing's model equation for the sawdust particles was sought from displacement and velocity perspectives, using the Runge-Kutta Algorithm. Linear transformation that guarantees non-negative values of time series was implemented. This was followed by the respective computation of the x- and y-components of the resulting time series values of the sawdust movement using a 21tmodulated time measured in radians. The graphical representations of the x- and y-components compared well quantitatively and qualitatively with the corresponding phase plots. The feasibility of modelling sawdust dynamics as emission from band saws was therefore demonstrated here, in approaches that thus advance knowledge of sawdust emission studies. "
Application of neurofuzzy in the develoment of road bump designs
(2007-05) Oke, S. A.; Johnson, A. O,; Salau, T. A. O.; Adeyefa, A. O.
"This contribution is on the development of a neurofuzzy model that aids in capturing imprecision and uncertainty in the. various road bump parameters. Road bumps are structures built on roads to act as obstructions to vehicles plying these roads. The neurofuzzy methodology is used to check the vehicle speeds to acceptable standards. Particular use is made of neurofuzzy since it is an improvement on the traditional model proposed earlier in the literature. The work is motivated by the need for a more reliable and easily understandable methodology that guides decision makers in making correct decisions in a timely manner The results obtained demonstrate that it is feasible to apply the model in practice. The paper is new in that it proposes a novel approach to quantifying the results of road bump design in order to achieve worthy and reliable result. "
Chaos diagram of harmonically excited vibration absorber control duffing's oscillator
(International Journal of Scienctific and Engineering Reasearch, 2013-02) Salau, T. A. O.; Ajide, O. O.
"This study utilised positive Lyapunov exponents' criteria to develop chaos diagram on the parameters space of 4-dimensionalharmonically excited vibration absorber control Duffing's Oscillator. Relevant simulations were effected by choice combination of constant step Runge-Kutta methods and Grahm Schmidt Orthogonal rules. Simulations of 4-dimensional hyper-chaotic models of modified Lorenz and RÖsier were used for validation purposes. Lyapunov's spectrums were obtained at (197 x 301) mesh points of parameters space (µ,αa). Lyapunov's spectrum of modified Lorenz system by constant time step (NRK1) fourth order Runge-Kutta method (04208.01650. - 0.0807, -26.4603) compare correspondingly well with (0.4254, 0.1286, 0.0000, -26.5493) reported by Yuxia et et. Similarly, Lyapunovs spectrum of modified Rosier system by constant time step (NRK1) fourth order Runge-Kutta method (0.1424, 0.0051, -0.0041, -24.0831) compare correspondingly and qualitatively with (0.1287, 0.0149, -0.0056, -22.8617) reported by Marco (1996). The sum of Lyapunov exponents (-22.7237, -31.3107, -27.8797) in Rosier compare correspondingly and qualitatively with variation matrix measure -AVERT (- 24.0181, -30.9462, -28.1991) respectively for fourth, fifth and modified fifth order Runge-Kutta methods. The chaos diagram results suggested preferentially higher mass ratio for effective chaos control of Duffing's Oscillator main mass. The parameters space in the region of relative lower mass ratio suffered irregular boundaries. The practical applications of this chaos diagram plot include, by instance, walking in the parameters-space of vibration absorber control Duffing's Oscillator along suitable engineering paths. "
Characterization of fluid flow using random walk dynamics
(2011) Adegbola, A. A.; Salau, T. A. O.
"There has been growing need to characterize the fluid flow through a simplified model such as random walk dynamics. The research work covered three distinct regions of fluid flow namely the laminar region the transition region and the turbulent region Appropriate flow charts and FORTRAN-90 source codes were developed to solve relevant fluid flow governing equations. Reynolds number was used as the control parameter to tune from laminar to turbulent flow while relevant solution was graphed using Microsoft Excel. The graph shows the distinct regions. The first region characterizes laminar region will) three straight-line segments. The second region is the transition region, which is in form of wavy line segments. The third region is the turbulent region in which higher wavy line segments are shown. The degree of waviness and number of wavy line segments increases from transition region to turbulent region. The result shows that fluid flow can be characterized through the use of random walk dynamics. "
Combustion of 'as recieved' palm kernel shell in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor
(2012-07) Raji, T. O.; Oyewola, M. O.; Salau, T. A. O.
"Low cost and minimum emission of green house gases are two of the key advantages of using agricultural wastes as fuel in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor; however this advantage could be neutralized if significant cost and energy is spent on processing prior to usage of the waste, therefore if processing stage could be. circumvented without compromising effectiveness and efficiency, a substantial operational cost saving could be achieved when using biomass as fuel in a commercial scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor (BFBC). This research focus on use of 'as received' Palm kernel shell (PKS) in an experimental model bubbling fluidized bed combustor (BFBC). PKS feedstock received from the farm were cornbusted in several experiments in a 150mm diameter experimental model BFBC. The effect of large particle size feedstock of the 'as received'(4-22mm) on thermal profile and emission characteristics during the combustion process were examined. Operational chalienges such as fuel feeding, start-up and de-fluidization is examined and compare to situation when pulverized biomass is used. An electronic based inert bed temperature regulating unit ensure that the bed temperature is maintained at the pre-set value of 750°C in all the experiments. It was noted that combustion and emission characteristics with 'as received' PKS compare favourably with that of pulverized, however it was discovered that for specific feed rate( fd) and fluidizing air velocity.) the frequency at which the inert bed temperature regulating unit cut-off is higher for the 'as received'. The results indicate that PKS sample obtainable from Nigeria farms could be fired directly to generate energy in bubbling fluidized bed combustor. "
Comparative analysis of simulation time in non linear and harmonically excited pendulum and duffing oscillators
(Council for Innovative Research, 2013-08) Salau, T. A. O.; Ajide, O. O.
"The motivation for the present study is derived from the fact that time rnanagernent is an integral part of good engineering practice. The present study investigated the quantification of the required computation time using two nonlinear and harmonically excited oscillators (Pendulum and Duffing) as case studies. Simulations with personal computer were effected for Runge-Kutta schemes (RK2, RK3, RK4, RK5, RK5M) and one blend (RKB) over thirty five thousand and ten excitation periods consisting the unsteady and steady solutions. The need for validation of the develope,d FORTRAN90. codes by comparing Poincare results with their conterpart from the literature informed the choice of simulation parameters However, the simulation time was monitored at three lengths of excitation period (15000, 25000 and 35000) using the current time subroutine call command. The validation Poincare results obtained for all the schemes including RKB compare well with the counterpart available in the literature for both Pendulum and Duffing. The actual computation time increases with increasing order of scheme. But suffered a decrease for the blended scheme. The diffencerence in computation time required between RK5 and RK5M is negligible for all studied cases. The actual computational time for Duffing (5-33seconds) remain consistently higher for corresponding Pendulum (3-23seconds) with difference (2-10seconds). Interestingly, the quantitative difference betweenthe corresponding normalised computation time for systems and schemes is insignificant. It is insensitive to systems and schemes and fonmed a simple average ratio{ (1.0) :(1.5) : (2.0) : (3.1) :(3.1) : (2.4)} for RK2, RK3, RK4, RK5, RK5M and RKB respectively. It is concluded that the end justified the means provided that computation accuracy is assured using the higher order scheme (with higher computational time ratio). "
Comparative analysis of time steps distribution in Runge-Kutta algorithms
(International Journal of Scienctific and Engineering Reasearch, 2012-01) Salau, T. A. O.; Ajide, O. O.
"This study utilized coniJination of phase plots,time steps dstribution and adaptive time steps Runge-Kutta and fifth order algorfthms to investigate a harmonically duffing osciliator. The object is to visually compare fourth and fifth order Runge-Kutta algorithms performance as tools for seeking the chaotic solutions of a harmonically excited duffing oscillator. Though flth order algorithms favours higher time steps and as such faster to execute than fourth order for all studied cases.The reliability of results obtained with fourth order worth its higher recorded total computation time steps period. "
Control of chaotic oscillation and response characterisation in duffing oscillator using vibration absorber
(Scientific & Academic Publishing, 2013) Dolire, F. O.; Salau, T. A. O.
"This work investigated the control of chaotic behavior of a harmonically perturbed Duffing Oscillator using vibration absorber. The systems of two degrees of freedom governing equations were simulated numerically using classical fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm for a constant time step. The solution time history, phase plots and Poincare maps were used to validate the simulation. Essentially, the details of the' Poincare map were used numerically to determine the periodicity of Duffing oscillator for spectrum of mass ratio at a constant step of 0.001. The time history, phase plots and the Poincare at mass ratio (µ), absorber parameters (αa), and amplitude of excitation (Fo) are in agreement with what is obtained in open literature. The chaotic response of the Duffing-Absorber system at αa= 1.1, Fo = 0.21: and, taken respectively. The Duffing and the absorber initial conditions to be (1.0,0.0) and (0.0, 0.0), this chaotic response was rendered periodic for some selected mass ratio (0≤µ≤1.0) Specifically, periods 1, 2 and 4 were obtained at µ= 0.208; these periodic responses were obtained at respective values αa=1.1, αa=I.7803 and αa= 1.7595. In this work, eighty percent of the mass ratio selected did ensure that the chaotic behaviour of the Duffing-Absorber system is rendered periodic. This work demonstrated the practical utility of vibration absorber as a chaotic oscillations control tool by the mass ratio approach; and having a recorded success of about eighty percent. "
Correlation and distribution analyses of estimated fractal dimensions and husrt's exponent from waveforms of excited non linear pendulum
(Global Journals Inc (USA), 2013) Salau, T. A. O.; Ajide, O. O.
"This study utilised correlation and distribution analyses to investigate the acceptability of Parameters. selection sensitive simulation of the excited nonlinear pendulum waveforms was performed with the constant time step fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with codes developed in FORTRAN90. However, the waveforms validated by Gregory and Jerry (1990) and treated as time series were characterized using developed codes of Carlos (1998) and Hurst fractal dimension estimation procedures. The validation results compare. qualitatively well and the correlation coefficients between Carlos (1998)-based and Hurst's exponent based dimension estimate for the angular displacement and velocity are respectively R2 = 0.68 and R2 = 0.66. A higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.84) existed between the estimated Hurst's exponent of the angular displacement and velocity. The Hurst distribution exhibited both full spectrum and peak values range 0.04 to 1.00 and percentage probability range 2 to 12. The sum of this study results is the interchange possibility and utility of the two fractal dimension estimators as waveforms characterising tool. "
Development and investigation of Runge-Kutta coefficients depenedent stability polynomial
(2013-07) Salau, T. A. O.; Ajide, O. O.
"Simulation of reliable solutions of nonlinear engineering problems by means of stable numerical algorithms is a frequent and acceptable practice. This study focuses the development and investigation of Runge-Kutta coefficients dependent stability polynomial for the second, third and fourth orders Runge-Kutta schemes. The development utilized matrix inversion operation procedure that involves determinant and cofactors computation of relevant matrix. The validation was made referencing the standard result of [1] and extended to several cases. The resulting polynom ials obtained consist of combination of the scheme coefficients with increasing power of time step that follows a rhyme pattern.The validation test case result agreed perfectly with test standard result. Selected studied version of different schemes shows wide variation in the shape of stability curve and region bounded. It is interesting to note that the popular second, third and•fourth order schemes have stability curve that bounded larger region than their respective counterpart. It is concluded that the study results can be utilized as reliable platform for stability analysis for different versions of the second, third and fourth order schemes. "
Development of an experimental model bubbling fluidized bed combustor for combustion of biomass
(2011-07) Raji, T. O.; Oyewola, M. O.; Salau, T. A. O.
Fuel flexibility and capacity to burn broad spectrum of fuels at high combustion efficiency with minimum emissions of greenhouse gases are few of several key advantages fluidized bed combustion technology has over other existing combustion technology. This report examines the design, development and testing of an experimental model Bubbling fluidized bed combustor (BFBC). The developed BFBC has unique inert bed's temperature regulating system which implies that the use of external source of cooling the inert bed such as embedded water cooled coil might be unnecessary. Fluidizing air pre-heater / Biomass feeding pipe's cooling attachment which attempt to prevent biomass from burning before entering the fluidized bed is another important feature of this BFBC. The Combustor body was fabricated from 150mm diameter, 2900mm tall type- 304 stainless steel pipes, divided into 5 modules. Coconut shell and Palm kernel shells were burnt successfully in the combustor. As a result of its numerous advantages over conventional combustion technology, Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) has been identified as a most viable means of generating renewable energy, therefore success with small BFBC like the one described here could be applied to building commercial size BFBC for power generation in Nigeria and Africa sub-region.
Effect of particle size on combustion of coconut shell in a bubbling fludized bed combustor
(2012) Raji, T. O.; Oyewola, M. O.; Salau, T. A. O.
"Combustion characteristics of coconut shell (CS) samples in an experimental model bubbling fluidized bed combustor (BFBC) was investigated with special focus on effect of particle size of the CS CS waste obtained from farm were crushed and classified into three sizes; Size X (12-50mm), SizeY (2-l2mm) and Size Z (<2mm). For overbed feeding of the feedstock, the impact of the particle size on emission and combustion performance were examined. in a 150mm diameter experimental model BFBC. Throughout the investigation inert bed temperature was fixed to a constant value of 750°C by means of electronic based inert bed temperature regulating unit (ITRU). Results showed that CS particle size have pronounced impact on combustion characteristics and the pollutants emission from the BFBC. It was observed that the Pollutants' emission was within acceptable limits for Size Y at about 310ppm for CO, <200PPM for NOx and almost zero for SOx. The results indicate that CS could be used as combustion feedstock for environmentally energy generation in a BFBC. "
Energy audit of commercial buildings (a case study of global fleet oil ltd. and national mirror houses
(2012) Elusakin, J. E.; Ajide, O. O.; Salau, T. A. O.; Idowu, O. G.
"The dearth and cost of energy supply in Nigeria calls for planning and management through energy audit. The object of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive energy audit of the two commercial buildings commonly referred to as Energy House and Mirror House which are the head offices of the Global Fleet Oil & Gas Ltd. Company and National Mirror Newspaper respectively, using their 2011 energy consumption data. The power supplies to both offices are from the same generators which provide two third of the power supply to the building in 2011 but with different transformers of 1000 kV A each for the PHCN power supply. The facilities load were assessed by direct inspection and conversion were done where necessary. The capacities of the available three generators were 400, 640 & 1000 kW respectively (using 0.8 power factor) and the maximum load of the facility at any time in a day is 398 kW. This study has revealed the monumental financial waste on the un-utilized energy and facilities that could be replaced with energy saver equipment. Therefore, it is imperative that a holistic energy planning and regular assessment of energy requirements are considered as key components of building projects. "
Estimation of thermal contact resistance in metal-plastic interface of semiconducting electronic devices
(2009) Oke, S. A.; Oyekunle, A. A.; Salau, T. A. O.; Adegbemile, A. A.; Lawal, K. O.
For decade, thermal contact resistance (TCR) has been measured experimentally. Unfortunately, the database, which should regularly support decision-making on TCR coefficients, seems not to exist. Thus, companies result to using outdated or irrelevant data that limits lifespan of electronics devices, their performance and reliability. This paper mathematically models the problem of TCR between two media (plastic-metal interface) in semi conductors with reference to resistance and the flow of heat across or interface of two surfaces that are in contact, particularly in engineering applications. In this paper, a semiconductor/ heat sink assembly is used to model the behaviour of thermal contact resistance. A cylindrical shaped semi-conductor was conceptualised, with the governing differential equations derived and the boundary conditions for the problem stated. The effect of parameters such as surface roughness, contact pressure, density of interstitial gas, heat capacity, thermal and mechanical properties on the temperature at the center of the semiconductor was studied. From the analysis, it can be inferred that by effectively lowering thermal contact resistance, efficient heat transfer results, which helps to prolong the life and reliability of the semi-conductor. The current work is motivated to fill an important gap that may be beneficial to practitioners in the semi-conductor industry.
Fractal analysis of area-perimeter relationship of some selected countries of the world.
(2008) Adeleke, A. E.; Salau, T. A. O.
"Boundaries of six selected countries one from each continent were studied using fractal dimension technique. The Area - Perimeter relation method was used, where land area covered and boundary length of designated countries were measured in the unit of known box size (Box counting). The log-log plots of these variables were obtained and the slopes were measured as h18 required dimensions. Fractal dimensions determined lie between 1.19 and 1.55. The scale size of the maps, and the number of states both had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the fractal dimensions obtained "
Fractal characterization and iso-mapping of parameter plane of harmonically excited pendulum
(International Journal of Scienctific and Engineering Reasearch, 2013-07) Salau, T. A. O.; Olabode, A. A.
"The motivation for the present study is derived from the fact that time rnanagernent is an integral part of good engineering practice. The present study investigated the quantification of the required computation time using two nonlinear and harmonically excited oscillators (Pendulum and Duffing) as case studies. Simulations with personal computer were effected for Runge-Kutta schemes (RK2, RK3, RK4, RK5, RK5M) and one blend (RKB) over thirty five thousand and ten excitation periods consisting the unsteady and steady solutions. The need for validation of the develope,d FORTRAN90. codes by comparing Poincare results with their conterpart from the literature informed the choice of simulation parameters However, the simulation time was monitored at three lengths of excitation period (15000, 25000 and 35000) using the current time subroutine call command. The validation Poincare results obtained for all the schemes including RKB compare well with the counterpart available in the literature for both Pendulum and Duffing. The actual computation time increases with increasing order of scheme. But suffered a decrease for the blended scheme. The diffencerence in computation time required between RK5 and RK5M is negligible for all studied cases. The actual computational time for Duffing (5-33seconds) remain consistently higher for corresponding Pendulum (3-23seconds) with difference (2-10seconds). Interestingly, the quantitative difference betweenthe corresponding normalised computation time for systems and schemes is insignificant. It is insensitive to systems and schemes and fonmed a simple average ratio{ (1.0) :(1.5) : (2.0) : (3.1) :(3.1) : (2.4)} for RK2, RK3, RK4, RK5, RK5M and RKB respectively. It is concluded that the end justified the means provided that computation accuracy is assured using the higher order scheme (with higher computational time ratio). "
Fractal dimension and time factors of sawdust pattern formation in sawmills
(2010) Salau, T. A. O.
"This paper presents the application offractal theory, especially fractal dimension to the formation of sawdust particles during operation with four detailed cases, which helps us to understand the distribution of the sawdust particles inhaled by sawmill workers and remove the effect of toxicity on their body quickly. Pattern of formation of sawdust in human lungs and other parts of the body (in fast branching rate) is described with a practical case study in a developing country. As these sawdust particles settle down in the human body, cells are destroyed on a very fast rate by the toxic nature of sawdust particles. Thus, removing the effect of toxicity on the body will require special skill and is cost intensive. The pattern formation of sawdust particles follows random walking in 2-D Euclidean space using fractal dimension and time steps. Percentage total of average time steps required for aggregation of specified n-sawdust particles varies according to power law of percentage successive aggregation. Case 3 and its rules are the most reasonable if used in a real project since its percentage absolute error compared with the standard literature value of 1.71 is zero. The paper may be of great importance to occupational health scientist and those who control and monitor occupation health problems in small scale industries particularly where occupational hazards are well pronounced. "