Browsing by Author "Samuel, F. O."

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Achieving food security in Nigeria 2050
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Sanusi, R. A.; Samuel, F. O.; Ariyo, O.; Eyinla, T. E.
The Problems/Issues: The level of food insecurity as of now in Nigeria is higher. The consequences in term of morbidity, mortality, malnutrition rates and epidemiological statistics are summarily high. While food production is inadequate and food export bill is rising, population and therefore demand is and will continue to rise. Several agricultural and related policies exist; however if concerted effort is not put in place now and strategies designed and developed, food security in Nigeria by 2050 will be at a very low and problematic level, affecting not only health but economy and social order. The Plan of actions: Strategies to increase food production, food processing and preservation, strategic grain/food reserves, market and access, food price control, matching income with inflation rates, involving public-private partnerships, cottage industries enabling environment need to be adopted, adapted, and coordinated to ensure food security on a long term, sustainable basis. A food cabinet similar to a war cabinet under the Presidency is recommended for success. Conclusions: Planning is a first step in the right direction, however effective, efficient and measurable success depends on political will, adequate funding, prioritization, in-built strategies for sustainability, monitoring and evaluation. Security will guarantee not only food and nutrition security but also health and economic security.
Barriers and facilitators of early initiation of breastfeeding Practice In Imo State: findings from the perception of Mothers and Health Workers
(Nutrition Society of Nigeria, 2023) Chima-Onumajuru, A. P.; Ariyo, O.; Kawu, A.; Samuel, F. O.; Owolabi, A. J.
Background and Objectives: Despite the well-known benets of breastfeeding, many barriers hinder its early initiation, and several facilitators promote it. Understanding these barriers and facilitators is crucial to promote optimal practice. Objectives: This research explored the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), highlighting the factors that affect the decision-making process of mothers and healthcare providers in Imo state, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved purposive sampling of 66 mother-child pairs and 10 health workers across four primary healthcare centres in Imo state. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions were used to explore the determinants of the practice of early initiation of breastfeeding. Qualitative data (transcripts) were analysed using the QDAMiner Lite software. Thematic analysis involving organizing, and summarizing qualitative data was adopted and codes were used to classify text excerpts into their appropriate categories. Results: Summarily, mothers and health workers pointed out the following positive determinants: baby crying; educating the mothers on EIBF; support from midwives; training of health workers; health workers' knowledge of EIBF. They also pointed out the following barriers: delayed breast milk ow; lack of knowledge on the subject matter; mother and mother-in-law inuence; mother's health status; mother's personal belief; no support from midwives; delivery via cesarean section; no record of EIBF; lack of training; and poor motivation. Conclusions: The results show how vital the understanding of the concept and benets of EIBF facilitates its practice from the perspective of mothers and health workers. Continuous investments to train health workers who in turn teach mothers should be prioritized.
Dietary diversity and anthropometric characteristics of in-school adolescents in the university of Ibadan community
(Food basket foundation, 2015) Samuel, F. O.; Adetunmbi, A. J.; Ariyo, O.
Adolescence presents a window of opportunity to prepare nutritionally for a healthy adult life, hence exploring the synergy between dietary diversity and anthropometric parameters is important to help inform appropriate health promoting dietary interventions in this age group. The study was designed to assess the dietary diversity and its relation to nutritional status of in-school adolescents in University of Ibadan community, Nigeria. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 440 in-school adolescents selected using simple random sampling from a private (223) and a public secondary school (217) located within the university. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and dietary pattern were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using multiple-pass 24-hour recall. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was computed based on 14 food groups and categorized as low (<4), moderate (4-6) and high (>6). Weight and height were measured and analysed using WHO Anthro-plus software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at p=0.05. Female respondents constituted 55.7%, about 57% of all respondents were aged 14-17 years. Meal skipping was common (62.3%), higher in the private (70.4%) than the public schools (53.9%), while overweight and obesity were more prevalent in the private school (28.7%). On the other hand, mean DDS was higher in the public (5.55±0.9) than the private school (4.72±1.0) while overall, 6.6% had low DDS; more in private (11.2%) than public schools. Dietary diversity was significantly associated with BMI for age as low DDS found to be higher among the obese (17.6%) and overweight (12.3%) adolescents. The adolescents in the public school appeared to have better diversity in their dietary intake. Dietary diversity score was associated with anthropometric characteristics of the adolescents irrespective of being in the public or private school. Further investigation is hereby recommended to understand the pathway of this association.
Food Access and Experience of Food Insecurity in Nigerian Households during the COVID-19 Lockdown
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2021) Samuel, F. O.; Eyinla, T. E.; Ariyo, O.; Leshi, O. O.; Brai, B. I. C.; Afolabi, W. A. O.
The food insecurity experiences and related behaviors of Nigerian households during the COVID-19 lockdown have not been fully discussed. This study was conducted to elicit information on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on economic and behavioral patterns related to food access. An online-based semi-structured questionnaire distributed through messaging platforms was used to collect information on characteristics, food purchasing behaviour before and during COVID-19 lockdown among respondents. Experience of food insecurity was assessed using Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). A total of 883 responses were received and analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0. Most of the respondents (90.5%) were at home or had stopped going to work due to COVID-19 restrictions. Even though smaller households had higher food expenditure claims than larger households (p = 0.012), the larger the household, the more acute the challenge of economic access to food (p = 0.050). Location (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.003), occupation (p = 0.014) and income level (p = 0.000) were associated with experience of food insecurity. In conclusion, lockdown restrictions increased food expenditure and experience of food insecurity among the respondents and thus we recommend the probe of longterm consequences of deviations from usual food access on undernutrition or overnutrition in Nigerian households.
Food-related coping strategies adopted by some households during covid-19 lockdown in Nigeria
(Open Journals Nigeria, 2021) Ariyo, O.; Samuel, F. O.; Eyinla, T. E.; Leshi, O. O.; Brai, B. I. C.; Afolabi, W. O.
As part of the measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Nigeria during the early stages of the pandemic, a lockdown of movements within and from outside the country was declared by the federal government. This article presents findings on food-related coping strategies adopted during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. A cross sectional survey using an online based questionnaire received responses from 883 households regarding information on food consumption, health seeking behaviour and food coping strategies during the COVID-19 lockdown. Food Coping Strategy Index (FCSI) was computed from the data received based on standard methods. Analysis and presentation of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings show that daily mealtimes generally reduced from an average of 3 to 2 times. The storage capacity of households showed an average of 2-week food stock of staples, and most of the respondents had started reducing either their usual portion sizes or frequency of meals in order to cope with food shortages. As regards health seeking behavior, older respondents were more likely to take prophylactic medication (p<0.004) and there was a higher preference for fruits and Vitamin C as prophylactic items. A negative correlation between FCSI with mealtime during COVID-19 lockdown (p<0.000) and monthly income (p<0.000) was observed. The findings presented provide information for policy intervention in the areas of social safety nets and palliatives disbursement in the event of similar lockdown restrictions in the future.
Nutrition knowledge, dietary diversity and intake among pregnant adolescents in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria
(Society for Public Health Professionals of Nigeria (SPHPN), 2020) Samuel, F. O.; Aremu, O. O.; Ariyo, O.
Objective: The study was designed to assess the nutrition knowledge, dietary diversity and intake among pregnant adolescents in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state. Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 130 pregnant adolescents attending antenatal clinics in Ibadan.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. Nutrition knowledge was assessed using a ninepoint scale categorized as poor(<4), fair(4-6.9) and good(e”7). Dietary intake was assessed using a multipass 24-hour dietary recall to calculate the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W), energy and nutrients intake and adequacy of intakes using standard procedure. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Service Solution version 21 at 0.05. Results: Age was 18.61±0.64 years, 90.8% had secondary education, and 96.2% were primigravida. Knowledge score was 5.93±1.82, 46.2% and 40.0% had good and fair nutrition knowledge, respectively. Women dietary diversity Score was 4.34±1.13 and 43.1% achieved the MDD-W threshold of five food groups. Energy, calcium, iron and folate intakes were 1784.87±619kcal, 398.2±339.2mg, 16.0±8.3mg and 268.2±168.1ìg,respectively, and >80% of the respondents had inadequate intakes of these nutrients. MDD-W not met increases risks of inadequate energy (AOR: 2.97, 95%CI: 1.21-7.31) and folate (AOR: 3.94; 95%CI: 1.99-15.6) intakes. Poor nutrition knowledge increases likelihood of inadequate energy (AOR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.1-5.2) and iron (AOR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.0-2.3) intakes. Conclusion: Poor nutrition knowledge and low dietary diversity contributed to inadequate intakes of energy, iron, folate, zinc and calcium among pregnant adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.