Browsing by Author "Segun J. Showande"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Clinical and humanistic outcomes of pharmaceutical care interventions in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (2019) Segun J. Showande; Akande-Sholabi W.; Titilayo O. Fakeye.
    Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease for which life-long medications and care are needed. Effectiveness of care is related to good glycemic control, which is desired to forestall complications. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care (PC) services provided by pharmacists in improving clinical and humanistic outcomes in diabetes mellitus patients. Method: Five databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in English using free text and medical subject headings keywords. Studies which had PC intervention arm, a control group,type1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; clinical and/or humanistic outcomes were included. For metaanalysis, standard mean difference evaluated with random effect model at P<0.05 was reported. Significant heterogeneity was further evaluated with sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 41 RCTs with 7,448 patients were eligible out of 1222 citations. PC intervention significantly lowered glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05), with significant heterogeneity. PC intervention also improved self-care but medication adherence, disease knowledge and quality of life were not improved. PC services offered (patient education, identification and resolution of drug therapy problems, and pharmacotherapy evaluation) were not uniform across the studies. Conclusion: The review and meta-analysis showed that PC intervention is of great benefit to improve most clinical outcomes which may result in better disease management. A call is however made for standardized pharmaceutical care intervention.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effect of educational intervention on medication reconciliation practice of hospital pharmacists in a developing country - A non-randomised controlled trial
    (2023) Akinniyi A. Aje; Segun J. Showande; Rasaq Adisa; Titilayo O. Fakeye; Oluwakemi A. Olutayo; Lawrence A. Adebusoye; Olufemi O. Olowooker
    Background: Medication reconciliation is an evidence-based practice that reduces medication-related harm to patients. This study evaluated the effect of educational intervention on medication reconciliation practice of pharmacists among ambulatory diabetes and hypertensive patients. Methods: A non-randomized clinical trial on medication reconciliation practice was carried out among 85 and 61 pharmacists at the intervention site and control site, respectively. Medication reconciliation was carried out among 334 (intervention-183; control-151) diabetes and/or hypertensive patients by the principal investigator to indirectly evaluate pharmacists’ baseline medication reconciliation practice at both sites. A general educational intervention was carried out among intervention pharmacists. Medication reconciliation was carried out by the principal investigator among another cohort of 96 (intervention-46; control-50) and 90 (intervention-44; control-46) patients at three and six months postintervention, respectively, to indirectly assess pharmacists’ postintervention medication reconciliation practice. Thereafter, a focused educational intervention was carried out among 15 of the intervention pharmacists. Three experts in clinical pharmacy analysed the medication reconciliation form filled by the 15 pharmacists after carrying out medication reconciliation on another cohort of 140 patients, after the focused intervention. Data was summarized with descriptive and inferential statistics with level of significance set at p<0.05. Key findings: Baseline medication reconciliation practice was poor at both sites. Post-general educational intervention, medication discrepancy was significantly reduced by 42.8% at the intervention site (p<0.001). At the intervention site, a significant increase of 54.3% was observed in patients bringing their medication packs for clinic appointments making medication reconciliation easier (p=0.003), at 6-months postintervention. Thirty-five, 66 and 48 drug therapy problems were detected by 31 (43.1%), 33 (66.0%) and 32 (71.1%) intervention pharmacists at 1-, 3- and 6-month post-general educational intervention, respectively. Post-focused educational intervention, out of a total of 695 medications prescribed, 75 (10.8%) medication discrepancies were detected and resolved among 42 (30%) patients by the 15 pharmacists. Conclusions: The educational interventions improved pharmacists’ medication reconciliation practice at the intervention site.