Browsing by Author "Shenge, N. A."

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Career choices of Nigerian youths entering public-funded universities
(2014-03) Shenge, N. A.
Choosing a career is a very challenging process especially among youths. Although career choices and career dynamics are given considerable research attention in the developed countries, these subjects do not attract sustained attention in developing countries. This study tried to fill this research gap and also rekindle desired attention in this research area. The study analyzed Nigeria’s publicly available Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examinations (UTME) s statistics for 2003 and 2007. The focus was on public universities. Results showed that for 2003 and 2007, there were: significant variability in the choices of courses by male and female university admission applicants (more males than females chose science, engineering, and other "hard" courses) ; and significant variability in admission trends for Northern and Southern Nigerian regions (more southern than northern applicants sought to enter the university and chose science, engineering, and other "hard" courses). It was noted that these findings have serious implications for Nigeria’s future educational planning and outcomes. Further suggestions were proposed.
Conception of leadership among communities in Nigeria
(The Social Sciences Reproductive Health Research Network, Ibadan, 2001) Udegbe, I. B.; Okurame, D. E.; Shenge, N. A.
The effects of self-esteem and vulnerability to illness on perceived quality of "pure" water
(Ife Psychologia, Ife Center for Psychological Studies, Ile-Ife & Psychologia Ltd, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, 2003) Shenge, N. A.; Babalola, O. A
This research was carried out to find out the effects of self-esteem and illness vulnerability on perception of quality of water packaged in cellophane bags, popularly known in Nigeria as “pure water”. The interest in “pure water” stemmed from the increase in the packaging, marketing, and consumption of the commodity in Nigeria and the health implications for millions of the nation’s citizens and residents who consume pure water. Participants in the research, whose design was ex post facto, were drawn from the general student population of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. They were two hundred in number consisted of one hundred males and one hundred females aged between 17 to 32 years. All participants were resident on the campus of the University of Ibadan. In all, four hypotheses were tested using t-test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics. Findings in respect of hypothesis one revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of people with high self –esteem and the mean score of those with low self esteem in their perception of the quality of pure water. Thus, the hypothesis was supported (t =3.50, df = 198, P<.05). In hypothesis two, findings indicated that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of people with high self-esteem and the mean scores of people with low self esteem in their perception of the quality of bottled water (t-=0.66, df = 198, p> .05). Thus the hypothesis was not supported. With regards to hypothesis three, results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of people with high illness vulnerability and the mean scores of people with low illness vulnerability as regards their perception of the quality of pure water. Similarly, the hypothesis was not supported. Lastly in hypothesis four, results showed that although there was a significant independent effect of self-esteem on the perception of the quality of pure water, the interaction of self-esteem and illness vulnerability did not produce significant effect on people’s perception of the quality of pure water. Thus, hypothesis four was only partially supported. It was suggested that since self-esteem and illness vulnerability individually affected people’s perception of the quality of pure water, it will be advisable for producers of pure water to improve on the quality and packaging of their products towards wider market coverage, maximum profitability, and consumer health.
Ethical issues in the appointment and promotion of lower and middle cadre academics in Nigeria
(Social Science Academy of Nigeria, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria, 2003) Shenge, N. A.
Free speech attitudes of Nigerian university students at National Universities Games Association event in Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
(2014) Shenge, N. A.
This research adopted a descriptive survey design with the use of self-reported instruments to generate data and responses from the research participants. The setting of the study was the main campus of the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria where the 23rd edition of the Nigerian Universities Games (NUGA) took place in 2011. The independent variables of the research were socio-economic status, political orientation, age, and gender. The dependent variable was desire for freedom of speech or-free speech attitudes (FSA)and this was measured in line with each of the respondent's score on a 20-item, 3-point Likert questionnaire which measured Freedom of Speech. One hundred and fifteen (115) Nigerian athletes consisting of 70 males and 45 females and aged between 18 and 38 were involved in the study. Males constituted 60.87% while females accounted for 39.1%. Their mean age was 23.57 (SD = 5.34). Due to the fast pace of activities and time pressure at the venue of the games, it was not easy to get hold of athletes to participate in the study; hence the accidental sampling method was used. Thirty four of the respondents reported being liberal in political orientation, 36 reported being moderate, and 45 reported being conservative in political orientation. Political orientation was assessed by Peterson (2007)'s political orientation scale. Participants were of different socioeconomic backgrounds. In relation to the variables studied, four hypotheses were tested using simple Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results showed that age positively correlated with FSA significantly while political orientation significantly influenced FSA. Results also showed that gender and socio-economic status did not significantly influence FSA. Discussion centered on the way and manner that FSA and factors influencing it can be studied, understood and put to productive use. Specifically, age and political orientation identified as very important factors influencing FSA. It was concluded that age and political orientation are important variables in shaping FSA and a better understanding of them will partly lay a good foundation for citizens' contribution to democratic growth and good governance.
Frequently and infrequently presented ads: do they influence product trial intentions differently?
(2008) Shenge, N. A.
This present study investigated the effects of ad presentation frequency on product trial intentions of ad viewers. The study, which has an independent group design, involved 480 undergraduates of a Nigerian university aged between 16 and 34 years. Participants were made up of 240 males and 240 females equally distributed among two independent groups, namely, frequently presented and infrequently presented ad groups. Participants in both groups watched a 24-minute video which contained ad slots for a new insecticide. Frequent presentation had 8 slots of ad while infrequent presentation had 3 slots. It was found, following an independent t-test analysis, that frequently presented ads more significantly influenced product trial intentions of participants.
Health improvement barriers among Alberta immigrants: the role of social and demographic factors
(2014) Shenge, N. A.; Laing, L. M.
The role of social and demographic variables in influencing barriers to health improvement among Alberta immigrants and the Alberta general population was assessed in this study. Data were sourced from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 1 of 2001. Using logistic regression analysis, it was found that job status played significant role in influencing barriers to improving immigrants’ health. Among the general Alberta population, however, immigrant status, sex and marital status played significant roles in influencing barriers to improving the health of Albertans. Reasons for immigrants not receiving care were also identified as a follow-up on the health barriers. It was suggested that, as a way of better understanding and improving the health of Albertans of all categories, those social and demographic variables that pose as barriers to health improvement should be further researched, controlled and/or eliminated. The various reasons why immigrants do not receive care should also be further investigated and addressed.
Impact of country-of-origin and price on product's advertisement efficacy
(2010) Shenge, N. A.
The objective of this study is to assess the effect that country-of-origin and price have on efficacy of advertisements for a product. The African population has noticeably not featured much in country-of-origin research in spite of the growing size and complexity of the African consumer market. Country-of-origin refers to the country of manufacture, production, or growth where an article or product comes from. In realizing the goals for which it was set to achieve, this experimental study ascertained the influence of country-of-origin and price on advertisement efficacy involving an African population sample. Six hundred female and male undergraduates (with mean age =23.02; SD= 3.2 years) were randomly drawn from a large university, to view a product advertisement that uniquely manipulated country-of-origin and price for a fictitious brand of insecticide named "Anti sect." Data analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance. It was found that individually and collectively, country-of-origin and price did affect advertisement efficacy significantly. It was concluded that advertisers need to consider product's country of- origin and product's price when developing successful advertisement campaigns. Beyond advertisements, country of- origin and price also matter to buyers and consumers of products.
Impact of demographic factors and leadership style on employees’ Job satisfaction
(2014) Shenge, N. A.; Nwaobia, C. A.
This study investigated the impact of leadership style and demographic variables on employees’ job satisfaction in four selected telecommunication companies in Lagos, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design in which 227 participants were accidentally sampled from a employee population of 1174. Participants comprised of 102 males and 125 females aged between 19 and 59 years with mean age of 33.82 and standard deviation of 8.12. Primary data were generated through structured questionnaire administered on respondents to examine the influence of leadership style on employees’ job satisfaction. Three hypotheses were generated and tested. Results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between democratic or employee-centered leadership style and general job satisfaction among employees (r=.22). Demographic variables (marital status, gender, work experience and age) jointly predicted general job satisfaction among employees in the telecommunication companies {R=.334; R²=.112; F(4,222)=6.984; p<.05}. It was revealed that gender had significant influence on general job satisfaction among employees in the telecommunication companies [t (225) =3.575; P<.05]. The study concluded that democratic leadership style is a positive correlate of employee job satisfaction in the telecommunication companies. Also, some demographic variables determine employee job satisfaction. It was recommended that organizations and managers should be mindful of, and improve on, the leadership styles they adopt. Organizations should also consider employees first in management decisions to enhance satisfaction among employees because a satisfied worker is a productive employee and an asset to the organization. Several implications of findings were discussed
The influence of gender and self-esteem on attitudes of Nigerians towards foreign and made in Nigeria products
(African Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2000) Kenku, A. A.; |Balogun, S. K.; Shenge, N. A.
The study investigated the influence of gender and self-esteem on the attitude of Nigerians towards foreign and made in Nigeria products .One hundred and fifty randomly drawn respondents from the Faculty of Business Administration, University of Lagos Student population were involved in the study. The respondents were made up of 86 males (representing 57.3%) and 64 females (representing 47.7%). Their age ranged from 18 - 30) years. The mean age was 21.19 with a standard deviation of 5.39. Four hypotheses were tested using analyses of variance and Pearson correlation statistics. Attitude towa.rds foreign and made in Nigeria products was measured using Ajzen & Fishbein’s (1980) thirty-one item attitude questionnaire which was modified and revalidated by the authors. Self-esteem was measured using Adaranijo and Oyefeso’s (1986) self-esteem scale. The result of the first hypothesis revealed that consumers' gender had no significant effect on Nigerians' altitude towards foreign and made in Nigeria products. In hypothesis two, if was revealed that consumers' self-esteem had a significant effect on foreign made products F (1. 146) = 4.14: P < 0.05. Similarly, findings of hypothesis three showed that consumers' sex and self-esteem had significant joint effect on consumers' attitude towards foreign and made in Nigeria products. Lastly, results indicated that there was significant positive relationship between participants' attitude towards foreign products and participants' attitude towards Nigerian products. The implication of findings was that marketers should as a matter of necessity continually research into customers' attitudes towards their products. Discussion of the study's findings was based on the centrality and dynamism of attitudes in marketing research. Recommendations and suggestions were, on the basis of the research’s findings, also made.
Managerial Psychology
(2014) Shenge, N. A.
Organisational change and development
(Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2006) Shenge, N. A.
Perceived organizational politics and getting satisfied or dissatisfied with job
(African Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2007-09) Shenge, N. A.
The study investigated perception of organizational politics and how it affects workers’ job satisfaction. Two levels of organizational politics were considered, namely, group level and organizational level. Two hundred and three (203) employees participated in the study which employed ex post facto design. Scales used in the study include 9-item modified perception of organizational politics scale originally developed by Ferris and Kacmar (1992), 6-item perception of group politics and 10-item job satisfaction scale by Adanijo (1987). Independent t-tests were used to test the study’s three hypotheses. It was found that perception of politics at the management or organizational level affected employees' job satisfaction significantly. There was no significant difference in the way male and female employees perceived politics at the organizational/level. Similarly, male and female employees did not report job satisfaction differently. The findings point to the fact that organizational policies need to always recognize the need for eliminating intense politics in the work place to boost workers’ job satisfaction and productivity. Findings also point to the need for harmonizing goals of employees and their organizations.
Perceiving unmet health care needs and self-initiative in improving health
(2014) Shenge, N. A.; Laing, L. M.
Product's promotion patterns and their effects on consumers' purchase intentions, brand loyalty and attitude
(African Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2006) Shenge, N. A.
This research investigated the influence of promotional patterns of coca-cola products on purchase intentions, loyalty and attitude of consumers in Nigeria. Ninety randomly selected social science undergraduates of a major Nigerian university participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to three new coca-cola television promotions, namely, dream trip: open and win: and collect and win. The study was in a human laboratory of the university’s psychology department. Following timed viewing of the product’s promotions on television, participants completed a structured questionnaire that tapped information on four key areas, namely, socio-demographics, consumer attitude, purchase intentions and brand loyalty. A one-way analysis of variance tested each of three hypotheses. Result showed that there was no significant different in the purchase intentions of participants exposed to coca-cola open and win and collect and win promotions. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the brand loyalty of participants exposed to the coca-cola dream trip promotion and participants exposed to the coca-cola collect and win promotions. Findings of the study were discussed in line with conceptual and practical trends involving the subject areas investigated.
Psychology and ethical behaviour
(Gbaduke Publishers, 2011) Shenge, N. A.
Psychology: a historical perspective
(Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2005) Shenge, N. A.; Icheke, S. H.
Psychosocial correlates of road crashes in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2010) Shenge, N. A.
The objectives of this study were to investigate factors that influence driving behaviour in the city of Ibadan, ascertain some of the psychosocial factors that influence road crashes in Ibadan, and attempt proffering suggestions about dealing with the identified driving problems. The study employed a correlational design. It examined psychosocial factors (such as drunken driving, impressionistic/self-regulated driving behavior, disobeying traffic laws, excessive speeding, anxiety, aggressiveness, level of education, gender and indulgence in distractive activity) that relate to road crashes. The aim was to review self-regulation of driving as a viable means of achieving safe and efficient driving among drivers. Three hundred and sixty two randomly or purposely sampled drivers participated in the study that employed thematic analyses and correlations as analysis tools. The principal finding of the study was that psychosocial factors such as drunken driving, road rage, and engaging in distractive activities while driving correlated significantly with road crashes. Discussions dwelt on the need for drivers to imbibe self-regulated driving culture.
Public Health System Change into the 21st Century
(2004) Shenge, N. A.
Training evaluation: process, benefits, and issues
(2014) Shenge, N. A.
Training is an organized approach to positively impacting individuals' knowledge, skills, and attitudes in order to improve individual, team, and organizational effectiveness. Training gives organizations access to resources that will allow them to compete successfully in a changing environment, and to plan for and accomplish set goals. Effective training helps corrects employee and organizational deficiencies. However, poor, inappropriate, or inadequate training can be a source of frustration for everyone involved. Training typically posses a number of challenges and every training process brings with it a number of questions that managers must answer. Therefore there is need for organizations and managers to understand, plan for, and critically evaluate training. Based on the aforementioned needs, this paper examines processes, benefits, and issues in training evaluation. Among the issues discussed in the paper are the meaning of training evaluation and why training evaluation is necessary; measuring training's effectiveness and impact; Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation; and issues with training evaluation. The paper concludes that effective training evaluation is necessary for successful management of training programs and organizational growth and development. Therefore properly evaluating training requires managers to think through the purposes of the training, the purposes of the evaluation, the audiences for the results of the evaluation, the points or spans of points at which measurements will be taken, the time perspective to be employed, and the overall framework to be utilized.