Browsing by Author "Soetan, K. O."

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Comparative studies on the proximate composition, mineral and anti-nutritional factors in the seeds and leaves of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa)
(Valahia University Press, 2014) Soetan, K. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Adisa, S. B.
The seeds and leaves of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) were evaluated for their proximate analysis, minerals and anti-nutritional factors. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used in the determination of the levels of Ca, Mg,K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. Anti-nutritional Factors (ANFs), including Trypsin inhibitor, oxalates, phytates, tannins, saponins, hydrocyanic acid were also determined using appropriate techniques. The result showed that the seeds of P.biglobosa had significantly higher (p<0.05)crude protein (33.50%), crude fat (49.20%) and %dry matter (95.20%) contents compared to the leaves having crude protein(18.40%), crude fat (8.11%) and %dry matter (88.80%), while the leaves had significantly higher (p<0.05) contents of ash (13.60%), crude fibre(18.90%) and moisture (11.20%) as against the seeds havingash (4.81%), crude fibre(4.66%)and moisture (4.89%). The mineral content of the analyzed samples showed that the seeds were richer in Ca (0.703%), Mg (0.356%), K (0.211%), Na (86.729ppm), Mn (54.811ppm), Fe (69.828ppm), Cu (9.766ppm) and Zn (12.156ppm), while the leaves recorded higher Phosphorus level (79.833ppm) than the seeds. For the ANFs, the seeds recorded higher levels of trypsin inhibitor (0.059+0.01), haemagglutinating units (46.00+0.07) and tannins (0.51+0.00) than the leaves, while the leaves recorded higher levels of oxalates (0.97+0.00), phytates (2.16+0.03), saponins (1.24+0.00) and hydrogen cyanide (87.9+0.56)than the seeds. The overall results are suggestive of higher nutritional quality of the seeds than the leaves due to higher mineral contents and lower presence of some anti-nutritional factors.
Comparative studies on the proximate composition, mineral and anti-nutritional factors in the seeds and leaves of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa)
(Valahia University Press, 2014) Soetan, K. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Adisa, S. B.
The seeds and leaves of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) were evaluated for their proximate analysis, minerals and anti-nutritional factors. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used in the determination of the levels of Ca, Mg,K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. Anti-nutritional Factors (ANFs), including Trypsin inhibitor, oxalates, phytates, tannins, saponins, hydrocyanic acid were also determined using appropriate techniques. The result showed that the seeds of P.biglobosa had significantly higher (p<0.05)crude protein (33.50%), crude fat (49.20%) and %dry matter (95.20%) contents compared to the leaves having crude protein(18.40%), crude fat (8.11%) and %dry matter (88.80%), while the leaves had significantly higher (p<0.05) contents of ash (13.60%), crude fibre(18.90%) and moisture (11.20%) as against the seeds havingash (4.81%), crude fibre (4.66%)and moisture (4.89%). The mineral content of the analyzed samples showed that the seeds were richer in Ca (0.703%), Mg (0.356%), K (0.211%), Na (86.729ppm), Mn (54.811ppm), Fe (69.828ppm), Cu (9.766ppm) and Zn (12.156ppm), while the leaves recorded higher Phosphorus level (79.833ppm) than the seeds. For the ANFs, the seeds recorded higher levels of trypsin inhibitor (0.059+0.01),haemagglutinating units (46.00+0.07) and tannins (0.51+0.00) than the leaves, while the leaves recorded higher levels of oxalates (0.97+0.00), phytates (2.16+0.03), saponins (1.24+0.00) and hydrogen cyanide (87.9+0.56)than the seeds. The overall results are suggestive of higher nutritional quality of the seeds than the leaves due to higher mineral contents and lower presence of some anti-nutritional factors.
Exacerbation of diclofenac-induced gastroenterohepatic damage by concomitant exposure to sodium fluoride in rats: protective role of luteolin
(Informa UK Limited, 2020) Akinrinde, A. S.; Soetan, K. O.; Tijani, M. O.
NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is associated with non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated synthesis of prostaglandins. Fluoride salts, known to stimulate COX-2 synthesis, have also been associated with gastrointestinal damage. The effects of fluoride treatment on NSAID toxicity are, however, yet to be clarified. This study examined the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastroduodenal and hepatic toxicity in rats. In addition, the potential protective role of Luteolin (Lut), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid, in co-exposure to NaF and DIC was also investigated. Five groups of rats were treated thus: Group A (control): distilled water vehicle for 8 days; Group B: DIC (9 mg/kg) orally, twice daily from days 6 to 8; Group C: NaF (300 ppm) plus DIC for the final 3 days; Groups D and E: Luteolin at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, with concurrent NaF and DIC exposures. Rats co-treated with DIC and NaF exhibited the highest severity of dark watery diarrhea and gastroduodenal hemorrhages. NaF aggravated the DIC-induced increases in malondialde hyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC), H2O2, and nitric oxide, while inhibiting glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in all the tis sues. In contrast, Luteolin treatment significantly attenuated the gastroduodenal and hepatic damage caused by NaF and DIC co-administration by suppressing oxidative damage and lesions in the tissues. These results show, for the first time, that NaF may enhance diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and also suggest that Luteolin may be a promising lead for the treatment of drug-induced gastroenteropathy.
Exacerbation of diclofenac-induced gastroenterohepatic damage by concomitant exposure to sodium fluoride in rats: protective role of luteolin
(0148-0545, 2020) Akinrinde, A. S.; Soetan, K. O.; Tijani, M. O.
NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is associated with non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated synthesis of prostaglandins. Fluoride salts, known to stimulate COX-2 synthesis, have also been associated with gastrointestinal damage. The effects of fluoride treatment on NSAID toxicity are, however, yet to be clarified. This study examined the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastroduodenal and hepatic toxicity in rats. In addition, the potential protective role of Luteolin (Lut), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid, in co-exposure to NaF and DIC was also investigated. Five groups of rats were treated thus: Group A (control): distilled water vehicle for 8 days; Group B: DIC (9 mg/kg) orally, twice daily from days 6 to 8; Group C: NaF (300 ppm) plus DIC for the final 3 days; Groups D and E: Luteolin at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, with concurrent NaF and DIC exposures. Rats co-treated with DIC and NaF exhibited the highest severity of dark watery diarrhea and gastroduodenal hemorrhages. NaF aggravated the DIC-induced increases in malondialde hyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC), H2O2, and nitric oxide, while inhibiting glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in all the tis sues. In contrast, Luteolin treatment significantly attenuated the gastroduodenal and hepatic damage caused by NaF and DIC co-administration by suppressing oxidative damage and lesions in the tissues. These results show, for the first time, that NaF may enhance diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and also suggest that Luteolin may be a promising lead for the treatment of drug-induced gastroenteropathy.
Infuence of zinc and gallic acid on haematological alterations, hepatic and intestinal toxicity induced by sub‑acute exposure to Dibutyl‑n‑phthalate (DBP) in Wistar rats
(Springer Nature Link, 2022) Akinrinde, A. S.; Bello, A. V.; Soetan, K. O.
Objective Dibutyl-n-phthalate (DBP) is utilized industrially as a plasticizer, as well as in consumer products, food processing and medical applications, but there are concerns over its safety. This study investigated the protective effect of Zinc sulphate (Zn) and Gallic acid (GA) against haematological, hepatic and intestinal alterations following sub-acute (14-day) DBP exposure in rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 150–190g were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=6). Group A (Control) received normal saline at 2 ml/kg. Group B was given DBP (500 mg/kg bw/day) by oral gavage for 14 days. Groups C and D were treated concurrently with Zn (250 mg/kg bw) and GA (120 mg/kg bw), respectively, in addition to DBP treatment. Results Administration of DBP resulted in significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum Alanine transmainase and alkaline phosphatatse, signifcant (p<0.05) increase in faecal counts of coliforms and Escherichia coli (Proteobacteria), as well as reduced colonic mucus production and goblet cell numbers. Histological evidence of DBP toxicity included severe congestion of hepatic central venules, severe infammatory cell infltration in liver and colonic tissues, and atrophy of colonic mucosal glands, with a reduction in erythrocyte count being the major haematological alteration. The protective efects of Zn and GA were manifested as signifcant reduction in the activities of serum enzymes and the severity of hepatic and colonic lesions, along with preservation of haematological indices and colonic mucus. GA caused signifcant reduction in E. coli and coli forms, while also increasing enterococci count. Conclusion Dietary supplementation with Zn or GA may alleviate DBP-induced liver and colonic toxicity. The probable mechanisms may include the preservation of the colonic mucus barrier and improvement in the abundance of beneficial bacteria.
Nutritional potentials and reproductive effects of Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) peels on male Wistar rats
(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2021) Akinsulie, O. C.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Soetan, K. O.
Increasing demand and high cost of conventional animal feed and ingredients have stimulated the search for sustainable alternatives in substances otherwise considered as agricultural or industrial wastes. The present study evaluated the nutritional properties of Irish Potato agro-wastes (peel) (IPP) as an alternative source of feed nutrients, via its effects on haematological, biochemical, antioxidant and reproductive indices using Wistar rats as experimental animal model. Twenty male Wistar rats (100-120 g) were randomly allocated to two dietary treatment groups A and B, with 10 rats in each group. Group A (control) were fed a commercial rat concentrate while Group B rats were fed processed Irish potato peel diet for 2 weeks. The proximate analysis of the diets revealed lower levels of crude protein, energy, fat and ash in IPP, but higher levels of crude fiber, dry matter, moisture and Nitrogen free extract, compared to the control diet. However, IPP recorded lower levels of major anti-nutritional factors (Trypsin Inhibitor, Cyanogenic glycosides, Phytates, Oxalates) compared to the commercial diet. Although IPP led to a significant reduction in the body weights of the rats, there were no changes recorded in most haematological (PCV, Hb, RBC, Platelet count, MCV, MCH and MCHC) and serum chemistry (ALT, AST, ALP) parameters between IPP-fed and control rats. There were observable increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase) and some markers of oxidative stress (Hydrogen peroxide and Malondialdehyde), as part of a possible adaptive response to IPP. Furthermore, histopathological examination of the liver, kidney and testes did not present any major lesions in both groups of rats, although significant enhancement of sperm motility, livability and sperm count was observed in the IPP-fed rats compared to the control group. This study demonstrates that Irish potato peels possess promising nutritional potentials that should encourage its utilization as an alternative source of animal feed ingredients.
Preliminary studies on the Haematological parameters of cockerels fed raw and processed guinea corn {sorghum bicolor)
(Rivers State University of Sci. & Tech. Port-Harcourt., 2013) Soetan, K. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Ajibade, T. O.
The effect of feeding raw and ground guinea com [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) on the haematological parameters • of chicken was investigated in this study. Ten (10) 6-week old cockerels were randomly divided into two groups, A / and B, and were fed raw and processed (dried and ground) .guinea corn, respectively, for two weeks. Packed cel! / volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC), White blood cell, count (WBC), neutrophils, : eosinophils, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were determined before and after the duration of feeding the ; •cockerels with guinea corn. Although significant changes were not observed in most of the haematological y parameters, birds,fed with processed guinea .corn however had a significantly higher red blood cel! (RBC) countlj than birds fed with the raw guinea corn. These findings suggests that feeding of processed guinea corn to cockerels may be more advantageous than feeding of raw guinea corn.
Saponins – A ubiquitous phytochemical: A review of its biochemical, physiological and pharmacological effects
(Studium Press LLC, 2014) Soetan, K. O.; Ajibade, T. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.
Saponins are ubiquitous phytochemicals widely reported to be present in many species of plants and animals. Some saponin containing plants, mainly legumes, have been used as animal feed, but others are toxic. In this review, the biochemical, physiological and pharmacological effects of saponins in humans and animals have been highlighted. Physiological and biochemical effects examined include the effects on biological membranes, gastrointestinal absorption, blood and liver cholesterol, enzymes and general body metabolism, reproductive, antioxidant and free-radical scavenging effect, smooth muscle activity and effects on ruminant digestion. Pharmacological effects of saponins such as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, antiulcer and anti-ageing effects are also examined. From the literature reviewed, it can be concluded that saponins, in general, are toxic when administered intravenously but possess a lot of therapeutic potentials especially as cytotoxic agents.
Saponins; a ubiquitous phytochemical: A review of its biochemical, physiological and pharmacological effects.
(Studium Press, 2014) Soetan, K. O.; Ajibade, T. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.
Saponins are ubiquitous phytochemicals widely reported to be present in many species of plants and animals. Some saponin containing plants, mainly legumes, have been used as animal feed, but others are toxic. In this review, the biochemical, physiological and pharmacological effects of saponins in humans and animals have been highlighted. Physiological and biochemical effects examined include the effects on biological membranes, gastrointestinal absorption, blood and liver cholesterol, enzymes and general body metabolism, reproductive, antioxidant and free-radical scavenging effect, smooth muscle activity and effects on ruminant digestion. Pharmacological effects of saponins such as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, antiulcer and anti-ageing effects are also examined. From the literature reviewed, it can be concluded that saponins, in general, are toxic when administered intravenously but possess a lot of therapeutic potentials especially as cytotoxic agents.
SWOT analysis on the application of biotechnology in livestock improvement in Nigeria
(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2009) Abu, O. A.; Soetan, K. O.
The application of modern biotechnology to livestock improvement Programme in Nigeria is still at its infancy compared with crop agriculture. Application of biotechnology in animal agriculture holds promise in Nigeria in terms of improved quantity and quality of livestock and livestock products. The establishment of a national policy on biotechnology by the national government is an incentive to promotion of agricultural biotechnology. However, the level of funding is low in spite of the availability of skilled albeit few researchers. Funds from local and international donors should however be judiciously utilized since mismanagement of funds is one e major treats to successful application of animal biotechnology in Nigeria. There is also the need to re-design animal Science curriculum at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels to include the teaching of biotechnology to improve capacity building. The existing national policy on biotechnology should be geared towards the safe application of biotechnology, poverty alleviation and conservation of biodiversity, and these should be captured in well articulated Strategic plans.
Zinc and ascorbic acid treatment alleviates systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal and renal oxidative stress induced by sodium azide in rats
(Springer Science, 2021) Akinrinde, A. S.; Fapuro, J.; Soetan, K. O.
Background: Sodium azide (NaN3) is a chemical of rapidly increasing economic importance but with high toxic attributes. In this study, the effects of zinc (Zn) and ascorbic acid (AsA) supplementation on sodium azide (NaN3) - induced toxicity in the stomach, colon and kidneys were evaluated in Wistar rats. Twenty-eight rats were randomly allocated to four experimental groups as follows: group A (control) given distilled water only; group B (NaN3 only, 20 mg/kg); group C (NaN3 + zinc sulphate, ZnSO4 80 mg/kg); and group D (NaN3 + AsA 200 mg/kg). Results: NaN3 was found to significantly (p < 0.05) induce increases in serum nitric oxide (NO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total protein levels, along with significant (p < 0.05) increase in gastric, colonic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels. In addition, NaN3 induced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the colon and kidneys. Treatment with Zn or AsA caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum levels of oxidative and inflammatory markers, as well as tissue PCO and MDA levels. Moreover, co-treatment with Zn or AsA significantly (p < 0.05) restored colonic and renal levels of antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione and protein thiols. Conclusions: This study shows that Zn or AsA supplementation alleviated NaN3 toxicity by suppressing systemic inflammation and preventing oxidative damage in the stomach, colon and kidneys of rats.