Browsing by Author "Taiwo, P. A."

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An analysis of state of emergency preparedness and response of government to disaster risk management in Nigeria
(2019-02) Adio-Moses, R. O.; Taiwo, P. A.
Nigeria has experienced and is still experiencing varying degrees of both natural and man-made disasters with their adverse effects overtime exceeding the ability of affected societies to cope in the midst of available resources especially in the face of insurgency and terrorism. While intellectual discourses have focused on the effect and consequences of disaster, dearth of information exist on government‟s response and level of preparedness for disaster risk management especially from the analytical point of view. The paper focused on the nature and consequences of disaster, role of government in disaster risk management and problems affecting emergency preparedness and response from government. Disasters were seen to be sudden, calamitous and deadly in nature. Its types included natural disasters (e.g wild fire, floods, landslides, hurricanes, drought, damaging winds, tsunami, debris flow, hurricanes and volcanic eruption) and man-made disasters (economic collapse, terrorist attacks, chemical threat, biological threat, nuclear accidents, wars, explosions, oil and chemical spillage, fire, flood etc). Government role in disaster risk management included education, monitoring, coordination, data collation, research activities, policy making and prompt responses to prevent and control disaster at all levels. However, the hindrances included inadequacy in funding, education, coordination, research and planning. It is recommended that individual and collective effort be geared at improving education, funding and research coupled with governmental preparedness and prompt response towards the prevention and control of all forms of disaster in Nigeria.
Assessment of residential overcrowding and associated health risk on the girl-child in low-income communities in Oyo State, Nigeria
(The Institute For Peace and Strategic Studies University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2018) Taiwo, P. A.; Adio-Moses, R. O.; Taiwo, Y. M.
The consequences of residential overcrowding on children in developing countries have attracted scholarly attentions with dearth of information on its health implications on the girl-child from large family sizes particularly among selected low-income communities in Akinyele local government area, Oyo state. This study adopted a descriptive and cross-sectional survey design using the epidemiological transition theory as framework for explanation. A s tinctured questionnaire was administered on 450 purposively selected parents with large family sizes, while 9 in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with parents and mothers respectively from 3 communities in the study area. Quantitative data were analyzed at the univariate and bivariate levels and presented using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, and inferential statistics of chi-square, while qualitative data were content analyzed. Majority (86.3%) were females, 93.7% were married while only 16.1% had tertiary education. About 70.0% of the respondents had more than 4 children and earned N40,000 and less monthly. Nearly half (49.3%) of the respondents resided in one room self-contain apartment with their children. A significant association existed between gender of children and risk of communicable diseases (X2’212.7, P=0.002). More female children experienced measles (55.7%) and always had cough (65.0%), than their male counterparts who experienced measles (45.4%) and always had cough (32.0%). The girl-child experienced sexual abuse, shame and inconvenience in maintaining personal hygiene because of other roommates of the opposite sex. There is need to educate and enlighten parents on the general implication of large family size, and specific health risk of overcrowding on the girl-child and she should be equipped with risk reduction skills as a coping mechanism. Government should also provide adequate housing for low-income and large families.
Attitude and decisions regarding personal healthcare: the case of women under microfinancein Edo state, Nigeria
(Department of Sociology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, 2020-12) Taiwo, P. A.
The paper examined women’s attitude towards their personal health using the Health Belief Model as theoretical framework. Questionnaire was administered to 750 purposively selected respondents consisting of 400 from 3 branches of a microfinance banks (MBs) with integrated health services (IHS), and 350 from 3 other MBs without IHS in Edo state Nigeria. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with 20 microfinance officials. Questionnaire was administered to 750 purposively selected respondents consisting of 400 from 3 branches of a microfinance banks (MBs) with integrated health services (IHS), and 350 from 3 other MBs without IHS in Edo state Nigeria. Twenty Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with microfinance officials. Women displayed positive attitude towards their personal health with mean score for clients in both MBs with IHS and without IHS being 63.9±8.2 and 47.9±5.6 respectively (where mean score for positive attitude is ≥ 40). Furthermore, although 62.0% agreed “they cannot take their health for granted no matter what”, those who agreed and were undecided that “they won’t make decisions about their health without their spouses” were 47.8% and 32.8% respectively. Women’s roles as caregivers and dependants on their spouses make them prioritize their household needs and spouses’ decision over their personal health. Enlightening women on the relevance of prioritizing their personal healthcare is recommended to reduce poor health conditions among women.
Attitude of women towards family planning in selected rural communities of Ibadan
(2012-09) Taiwo, P. A.
The immediate need to control the high fertility rates among women in the rural part of Nigeria has attracted the interest of scholars in the academic world. Lots have been done by international agencies and other stakeholders to encourage the use of family planning methods among women both in rural and urban areas of developing countries including Nigeria. This notwithstanding, there still exist a great challenge of unmet needs regarding family planning especially in the rural part of Ibadan as the desired attitudinal and behavioral changes towards family planning is yet to be achieved. This study attempts to examine the attitude of women from selected rural areas in Ibadan towards family planning using the Health Belief Model and Social Action as frameworks for explanation. The qualitative and quantitative methods of research were employed with a survey of 136 randomly selected mothers from 5 rural communities in Ibadan, 15 IDI', 5 KIIs and 5 FGDs. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was utilized in analyzing the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The study revealed that the socio-economic status of mothers significantly influenced their attitude towards family planning. Most of the women had only primary education and more women had no formal education compared to those who had secondary and tertiary education, hence few of them displayed positive attitude towards family planning methods. Majority of the women hardly gave birth in hospitals and depended on their husbands to decide what ever method will be used to space or limit the number of children they will have. The study also revealed that women perceived benefits of family planning as measures: to control population, reduce infant and maternal mortality and also make mothers healthy and strong after child birth. However, these were learnt after they had given birth to more than four children in other places aside the hospitals. The study recommends that couples in rural areas be encouraged to make effective use of contraceptives and adequately educated to appreciate the essence of utilizing family planning methods in order to give birth to quality children. Ante-natal and delivery cost should be highly subsidized in rural areas for women to be encouraged to give birth in the hospitals from the very first child and learn about family planning methods. It was also recommended that family planning programmes that will attract couples to increase their knowledge and positively influence their attitudes towards practicing family planning especially in the rural parts of Ibadan be sponsored and supported by the government
Delay factors in the treatment of measles among residents of Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria
(Association for Sustainable Development and Communities Integration of Nigeria, 2019-06) Taiwo, P. A.; Alabi, T.
Measles accounts for one of the vaccine preventable deaths among children in the world. Nigeria is one of the countries with a very high burden of measles where cases can even be under-reported partly due to delay in seeking health care. Utilizing the health belief model, the paper examines the delay factors in seeking prompt and accurate care when children have measles. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection, using 400 self-administered copies of questionnaire to elicit information on delay factors and reliance of parents on use of herbs in the treatment of measles. Also, four sessions oj Focus Group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with parents. Data were analyzed and presented, using descriptive statistics such as percentages and chi-square. Findings revealed a significant relationship between socio-demographic factors and perceived treatment patterns of measles atX2(9) = 12.162, P=.0204. Furthermore, a significant level of association existed between parents ’ perceived traditional cause of measles, beliefs in-home remedy and use of herbs at X2 (16) =127.1, P=.000. Qualitative data revealed that most parents considered measles as a disease that can be managed at home, hence, they visit patent medicine stores to get drugs or use herbs and consequently visit hospitals when the child fails to recover. It concluded that parents ’ perceived causes and treatment practices in measles is far from adequate and hence, efforts should be geared towards sensitizing parents on how to reduce mortality and morbidity resulting from measles.
Domestic-office work-load and coping mechanisms of female bankers in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Department of Sociological Studies, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, 2014-06) Taiwo, P. A.; Oyeleye, O.
Banking jobs have overtime been perceived to be tasking and time demanding, especially for married women in a patriarchal community like Ibadan. This, coupled with the roles women play as wives and mothers, have implications for women’s psychological wellbeing and work performance. The paper, thus, attempts to examine the challenges of combining office and domestic works and the coping mechanisms adopted by married female bankers using the role strain and conflict theory as frameworks for explanation. Questionnaire was administered to 110 married female bankers who were purposively selected from five banks in Ibadan, while in-depth interview was conducted with 10 of these bankers from the senior cadre. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were presented using content analysis. Findings revealed that the majority (69 percent) of the respondents experienced stress, fatigue, depression and frustration in work performance. Some others experienced role conflict such as piling up backlog of work (73 percent), lack of adequate attention and care for kids (62 percent) and husbands (64 percent). Coping strategies included waking up early to do household chores and closing late at work to complete office works, recruiting housemaids, postponing domestic chores and proper planning. There was no significant relationship between the educational status of female bankers and recruitment of housemaids (X2=6.22, df=3,P<0.05).The study recommends proper planning by individuals and development of policies by other workforce and banking sector targeted at reducing the pressures of combining office and domestic work for married women
Environmental pollution in urban market: the case of Bodijamarket Ibadan, Nigeria
(2013-10) Taiwo, P. A.; Ajayi, J. O.
Ibadan is one of the largest cities in Nigeria, whose rapid growth is yet to be followed with adequate planning aimed at preventing environmental pollution. Consequently, the challenges of living in a constantly polluted environment, associated with stench and discomfort resulting from this inadequacy remains a constant experience in Bodija Market (a leading food stuff market in Ibadan). The recurrence of these challenges and the examination of the methods of waste disposal adopted by sellers in Bodija, form the focus of this paper using the Health Belief Model and Social Action Theory as bases for explanation. The study also revealed illiteracy, ignorance, negligence and laziness as major predisposing factors that aided sellers dumping of refuse in the environment. Personal hygiene and attempts to keep their immediate surrounding clean were reported as strategies adopted for prevention of environmental pollution which was observed to be inadequate. As a result, most sellers were willing to pay reasonable fee to prevent dirty environment in order to avoid dire consequences. The study recommends improved government effort, education, sanctions, sensitization and campaign against environment pollution to rescue the situation
Globalization and inequality
(Ibadan University Press, Publishing House, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2013) Akanle, O.; Taiwo, P. A.
Group methodology and women’s access to soft loans in selected microfinance institutions in Edo state, Nigeria
(2017) Taiwo, P. A.; Owumi, B. E.; Oyekanmi, O. O.
Group methodology has been identified as one of the key elements that differentiates microfinance from other conventional banks. While financial sustainability remains a necessary goal in microfinance bank, the role of group methodology in contributing to microfinance capital, clients’ access to loans and repayment seem to receive negligible attention. The paper seeks to examine the role of group influence in clients’ access to loans and repayment of loans in Edo state in the bid to experience poverty alleviation. Data were collected using qualitative and quantitative method. This included a survey of 750 purposively selected female clients from six selected microfinance banks in the state, 20 key informant interviews, 14 In-depth interviews and 8 Focus Group discussions (FGDs.) Ninety-eight percent of the respondents revealed that they accessed loans through the microfinance banks and repaid through weekly contributions in their “unions”. Qualitative reports revealed that clients experienced increased solidarity and consistently paid back loans through group influence and sometimes covered up for themselves by paying on behalf of those who default for some unforeseen reasons and get paid among themselves later in other to avoid been disqualified from accessing loans. Key informant interviews revealed that group methodology reduced cost and stress, aided recruitment and training of new members and contributed to finances that serve as loans from potential loanees. Harnessing the potentials of the group to improve business skills and combatt other factors that aggravate the effect of poverty is recommended to make microfinance intervention more impactful
Health and socioeconomic implications of reliance on gasoline-generators for business activities in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2014) Nwokocha, E. E.; Taiwo, P. A.
Nigeria’s crises of development are more evident in her persistently poor electric power regime. This paper focuses on the consequences of use of gasoline generators as alternative source of energy among business operators in Ibadan. Data were collected from 543 questionnaire responses, 15 In-depth Interviews and 6 Focus Group Discussions. Findings revealed that 83.6 percent of the respondents often utilized gasoline generators and 76.8 percent could not do without it. While the respondents perceived headache, cough, catarrh and respiratory tract infection as major health consequences, reduction in profit (33.7 percent) and low sales/service delivery (25.2 percent) were identified as negative economic effects of reliance on generators. Their coping strategies included regular medical check-up, nose-mask and bulk sales. Intensifying efforts at stabilizing electric power supply will go a long way to improving the health and socio-economic conditions of small and medium scale entrepreneurs and ultimately sustainable development.
Health and socioeconomic implications of reliance on gasoline-generators for business activities in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2014) Nwokocha, E. E.; Taiwo, P. A.
Nigeria’s crises of development are more evident in her persistently poor electric power regime. This paper focuses on the consequences of use of gasoline generators as alternative source of energy among business operators in Ibadan. Data were collected from 543 questionnaire responses, 15 In-depth Interviews and 6 Focus Group Discussions. Findings revealed that 83.6 percent of the respondents often utilized gasoline generators and 76.8 percent could not do without it. While the respondents perceived headache, cough, catarrh and respiratory tract infection as major health consequences, reduction in profit (33.7 percent) and low sales/service delivery (25.2 percent) were identified as negative economic effects of reliance on generators. Their coping strategies included regular medical check-up, nose-mask and bulk sales. Intensifying efforts at stabilizing electric power supply will go a long way to improving the health and socio-economic conditions of small and medium scale entrepreneurs and ultimately sustainable development.
Health care expenditure and maternal mortality in Africa
(2021) Eboh, A.; Taiwo, P. A.; Afolabi, A.
Maternal Health has continued to generate some serious concerns across the world, especially in the area of child delivery and the associated complications which largely account for several maternal deaths in most developing countries. The study, therefore, assessed the combined impact of Healthcare expenditure, access to safe drinking water and sanitation Services on maternal mortality in selected 30 African countries spanning 2000-2017. The retrospective design was adopted to examine the statistical associations between the dependent and the independent variables of the study. In the panel regression model analysis, the robust fixed effect estimator was preferred to the random effect model as was determined by the result of the Hausman test. The findings from this study showed that out-of-pocket expenditure had a 0.09percent significant effect on maternal mortality in the robust fixed-effect model. Also, the domestic government general Health expenditure had a 0.05 percent significant effect on maternal mortality in the region. Moreover, access to basic drinking water Services exerted a significant negative effect (-0.01) on the maternal mortality ratio in the selected countries. However, access to at least basic sanitation Services had no significant effect on maternal mortality. Therefore, the authors concluded that a multi-sectorial approach was required to tackle maternal mortality by paying attention to some health- related sectors like water and sanitation Services.
Integrating health services into Microfinance operations for sustainable poverty alleviation: The case of female clients in Edo State
(2014-10) Taiwo, P. A.; Owumi, B. E.
Microfinance role in women empowerment and poverty alleviation has received a lot of focus with negligible attention on health implications. This paper-focuses on microfinance and health integration services as pathway for sustainable poverty alleviation, using cross-sectional survey of 750 purposively selected respondents (400 from microfinance banks (MBs), with integrated health-related services (IHS) and 350 from MBs without IHS in Benin, Ugbowo, Iruekpen, Auchi, Jattu and Ekpoma. Fourteen In-depth interviews and 20 Key Informant Interviews were conducted. Respondents (60.3%) from MBs with IHS, who attached high importance to their health, doubled those from MBs without IHS (30.3%). IHS enabled clients practice preventive health behaviour and payment for health services. IHS helps women value their health and reduces health-risks. MBs should be encouraged and funded to integrate health-related services in their operations.
Integrating health services into microfinance operations for sustainable poverty alleviation: the case of female clients in Edo State
(2014-09) Taiwo, P. A.; Owumi, B. E.
Microfinance role in women empowerment and poverty alleviation has received a lot of focus with negligible attention on health implications. This paper focuses on microfinance and health- integration services as pathway for sustainable poverty alleviation, using cross-sectional survey of 750 purposively selected respondents (400 from micro finance banks (MBs) with integrated health-related services (IHS) and 350from MBs without IMS in Benin, Ugbowo, Iruekpen, Auchi, Jattu and Ekpoma. Fourteen In-depth interviews and 20 Key Informant Interviews were conducted. Respondents (60.3%) from MBs with IHS, who attached high importance to their health, doubled those from MBs without IHS (30.3%). IHS enabled client:: practice preventive health behaviour and payment for health services. IHS helps women value their health and reduces health-risks. MBs should be encouraged and funded to integrate health-related services in their operations.
Integrating health services into Microfinance operations for sustainable poverty alleviation: the case of female clients in Edo State
(2014) Taiwo, P. A.; Owumi, B. E.
Microfinance role in women empowerment and poverty alleviation has received a lot of focus with negligible attention on health implications. This paper-focuses on microfinance and health integration services as pathway for sustainable poverty alleviation, using cross-sectional survey of 750 purposively selected respondents (400 from microfinance banks (MBs), with integrated health-related services (IHS) and 350 from MBs without IHS in Benin, Ugbowo, Iruekpen, Auchi, Jattu and Ekpoma. Fourteen In-depth interviews and 20 Key Informant Interviews were conducted. Respondents (60.3%) from MBs with IHS, who attached high importance to their health, doubled those from MBs without IHS (30.3%). IHS enabled clients practice preventive health behaviour and payment for health services. IHS helps women value their health and reduces health-risks. MBs should be encouraged and funded to integrate health-related services in their operations.
Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards ante-natal care facilities utilization in Ado-Ekiti Local Government, Ekiti State
(2018) Agbana, R. D.; Kunle-Olowu, A. O.; Taiwo, P. A.
Motherhood and the practice of grand multiparity: responses from grand multiparous women in Ibadan, Nigeria
(0331-3158, 2017) Oshodi, K. O.; Salami, K. K.; Taiwo, P. A.
Grand Multiparity (GMP), having five or more pregnancies and deliveries, has contributed to high population growth in Nigeria. While the quality of life of children and the health risks associated with GMP have dominated scholarly discourse, dearth of information exists on perception of Grand Multiparity (GMP) and its practices. This study therefore focused on the Perception of Grand Multiparous Women in Grand Multiparity Practices in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. With Health belief model as framework in this study, questionnaire was administered to 422 randomly selected GMP women identified through snowballing, while 12 Key Informant Interviews were conducted with four healthcare practitioners each from western, traditional, and faith-based patterns. Six sessions of focus group discussions were also held with GMP mothers and husbands. The age of the respondents was 43.3 years ±1.2. About 41% and 19% had secondary and tertiary education respectively. Ninety per cent of the respondents were between their 5th and 7th pregnancies. Majority (67.0%) of GMP women were influenced by: couples` desire for more children (23.8%), non-use of contraception (22.6%) and desire for male children (19.5%). The GMP was significantly associated with respondents’ level of education (χ2=365.85). The GMP was rooted in the cultural values of the respondents, hence, inevitable. Conclusion: Grand multiparous practice and its attendant health-risks still exist in the rural area of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria, due to its socio-cultural influence.
Old people's well being in a total institution and the imperative of new policy directive
(2016) Owumi, B. E.; Taiwo, P. A.; Olaotan, S. Y.
In contemporary times, African as well as Nigerian societies have experienced changes due to urbanization, globalization, and industrialization. This has resulted in a weakening of the hitherto existing bonds, norms, values and culture in the family structure with the attendant consequences of neglecting the elderly. While studies have focused on the factors militating against adequate care for the elderly, psychological well being of1he elderly as well as their unmet needs, dearth of information exist on the social well-being of the elderly who are under care and support in the institution such as the Yaba old people's home. This study was conducted against this background with the social exchange theory and Health Belief Model as its theoretical frameworks. The study was purely qualitative using indepth interview with 44 resident aged, people, 3 key informant interviews with staff of the institution and nonparticipant observation as the methods of data collection. Over half (59.0%) of the respondents are female while about a quarter of the-respondents (23.0%) most of whom were females, had no education. Furthermore. While 91.0% were between the ages of 71-90years, 98.0% of the respondents were widowed prior to their admission into the homes. Findings revealed that the elderly experienced dissatisfaction with the food, access to medical attention and condition of living in the institution. This was revealed to be because they lacked choice as to what to eat, where to stay, who. to stay with and when to receive medical attention. Lack of adequate funding from government, inconsistent payment from relations of the elderly, and limited supplies of resources were reported as the challenges faced by the institutions which affected the care of the 'elderly in the home. Adequate funding, consistent payment and increased support from government, clients relations' and other necessary stakeholders respectively are recommended in order to ameliorate the conditions of the aged in Nigeria in particular and African in general.
Old people's wellbeing in a total institution and the imperative of a new policy directive
(2016) Owumi, B. E; Taiwo, P. A.; Olaotan, S. Y.
In contemporary times, African as well as Nigerian societies have experienced changes due to urbanization, globalization, and industrialization. This has resulted in a weakening of the hitherto existing bonds, norms, values and culture in the family structure with the attendant consequences of neglecting the elderly. While studies have focused on the factors militating against adequate care for the elderly, psychological well being of1he elderly as well as their unmet needs, dearth of information exist on the social well-being of the elderly who are under care and support in the institution such as the Yaba old people's home. This study was conducted against this background with the social exchange theory and Health Belief Model as its theoretical frameworks. The study was purely qualitative using indepth interview with 44 resident aged, people, 3 key informant interviews with staff of the institution and nonparticipant observation as the methods of data collection. Over half (59.0%) of the respondents are female while about a quarter of the-respondents (23.0%) most of whom were females, had no education. Furthermore. While 91.0% were between the ages of 71-90years, 98.0% of the respondents were widowed prior to their admission into the homes. Findings revealed that the elderly experienced dissatisfaction with the food, access to medical attention and condition of living in the institution. This was revealed to be because they lacked choice as to what to eat, where to stay, who. to stay with and when to receive medical attention. Lack of adequate funding from government, inconsistent payment from relations of the elderly, and limited supplies of resources were reported as the challenges faced by the institutions which affected the care of the 'elderly in the home. Adequate funding, consistent payment and increased support from government, clients relations' and other necessary stakeholders respectively are recommended in order to ameliorate the conditions of the aged in Nigeria in particular and African in general.
Old peoples' well being in a total institution and the imperative of new policy directive
(2016) Owumi, B. E.; Taiwo, P. A.; Olaotan, S. Y.
In contemporary times, African as well as Nigerian societies have experienced changes due to urbanization, globalization, and industrialization. This has resulted in a weakening of the hitherto existing bonds, norms, values and culture in the family structure with the attendant consequences of neglecting the elderly. While studies have focused on the factors militating against adequate care for the elderly, psychological well being of the elderly as well as their unmet needs, dearth of information exist on the social well-being of the elderly who are under care and support in the institution such as the Yaba old people's home. This study was conducted against this background with the social exchange theory and Health Belief Model as its theoretical frameworks. The study was purely qualitative using in- depth interview with 44 resident aged people, 3 key informant interviews with staff of the institution and nonparticipant observation as the methods of data collection. Over half (59.0%) of the respondents are female while about a quarter of the respondents (23.0%) most of whom were females, had no education. Furthermore, while 91.0% were between the ages of 71-90years, 98.0%, of the respondents were widowed prior to their admission into the homes. Findings revealed that the elderly experienced dissatisfaction with the food, access to medical attention and condition of living in the institution. This was revealed to be because they lacked choice as to what to eat, where to stay, who to stay with and when to receive medical attention. Lack of adequate funding from government, inconsistent payment from relations of the elderly, and limited supplies of resources were reported as the challenges faced by the institutions which affected the care of the elderly in the home. Adequate funding, consistent payment and increased support from government, clients relations and other necessary stakeholders respectively are recommended in order to ameliorate the conditions of the aged in Nigeria in particular and African in general.