Browsing by Author "Tayo, B."

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Regional Patterns and Association between Obesity and Hypertension in Africa evidence from the H3 Africa CHAIR Study
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2020) Akpa, O. M.; Made, F.; Ojo, A.; Ovbiagele, B.; Adu, D.; Motala, A. A.; Mayosi, B. M.; Adebamowo, S. N.; Engel, M. E.; Tayo, B.; Rotimi, C.; Salako, B.; Akinyemi, R.; Gebregziabher, M.; Sarfo, F.; Wahab, K.; Agongo, G.; Alberts, M.
Abstract—Hypertension and obesity are the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, but their association is not well characterized in Africa. We investigated regional patterns and association of obesity with hypertension among 30044 continental Africans. We harmonized data on hypertension (defined as previous diagnosis/ use of antihypertensive drugs or blood pressure [BP]≥140/90 mmHg/BP≥130/80 mmHg) and obesity from 30 044 individuals in the Cardiovascular H3Africa Innovation Resource across 13 African countries. We analyzed data from population-based controls and the Entire Harmonized Dataset. Age-adjusted and crude proportions of hypertension were compared regionally, across sex, and between hypertension definitions. Logit generalized estimating equation was used to determine the independent association of obesity with hypertension (P value<5%)Participants were 56% women; with mean age 48.5±12.0 years. Crude proportions of hypertension (at BP≥140/90 mmHg) were 47.9% (95% CI, 47.4–48.5) for Entire Harmonized Dataset and 42.0% (41.1–42.7) for population-based controls and were significantly higher for the 130/80 mmHg threshold at 59.3% (58.7–59.9) in population-based controls. The age-adjusted proportion of hypertension at BP≥140/90 mmHg was the highest among men (33.8% [32.1–35.6]), in western Africa (34.7% [33.3–36.2]), and in obese individuals (43.6%; 40.3–47.2). Obesity was independently associated with hypertension in population-based controls (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5 [2.3–2.7]) and odds of hypertension in obesity increased with increasing age from 2.0 (1.7–2.3) in younger age to 8.8 (7.4–10.3) in older age. Hypertension is common across multiple countries in Africa with 11.9% to 51.7% having BP≥140/90 mmHg and 39.5% to 69.4% with BP≥130/80 mmHg. Obese Africans were more than twice as likely to be hypertensive and the odds increased with increasing age. (Hypertension. 2020;75:00-00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14147.)
Self-reported sleep disorder and ambulatory blood pressure Phenotypes in patients with or without chronic kidney disease: findings from Ibadan CRECKID study.
(2019) Ajayi, S.O.; Adeoye, A.M.; Raji, Y.R.; Tayo, B.; Salako, B.L.; Ogunniyi, A.; Ojo, A.; Cooper, R.
ed the relationship between self-reported sleep disorders, and ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes in patients with hypertension and those with or without CKD. METHODS: Participants aged 18 years and above who consented were recruited into the study. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were obtained, Office/clinic hypertension was defined as SBP ≥140mmHg and/or DBP ≥90mmHg or being on pharmacological treatment for hypertension. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were done. Obstructive sleep apnea was assessed using Stop Bang questionnaire. Estimated GFR was calculated using CKD-EPI Creatinine 2 Equation and CKD was defined as eGFR 60ml/min?1.73m2 Results: A total of three hundred and forty-nine (349) patients were enrolled for the study: 175 males and 174 females. Moderate to severe risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was observed in 51.4% of patients with CKD, 58.5% of hypertensive and 17.3% of apparently healthy participants. Male participants were more likely than female patients to have moderate and high OSA risk (41.7% vs 32.8%) and (10.3% vs 4.6%) respectively. Compared with other groups, CKD patients had the highest office and ambulatory blood pressure parameters; Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that obstructive sleep apnoea is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Furthermore, the phenotypes of hypertension are accentuated in CKD and therefore, OSA may well be an important risk factor for CKD.
Urinary tract infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among female students in a tertiary institution in South West Nigeria.
(2020) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Nwadike, V. U.; Tayo, B.; Shonekan, O. A.; Okangba, C. C.; Anaedobe, C. C.; Thompson, T. E.; Omeonu, A. C.; Bibitayo, F.; Ajani, M. A.; Nkwogu, N. F.; Emejuru, J.; Okangba, K.; Ugwa, O. M.; Afolabi, M.; Atere, A.; Kalejaye, T.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Coker, O. A.
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a common medical problem that affects all age groups but with significant morbidity in females because of the nature of their anatomy and physiology. This study was aimed to identify the common causative organisms of UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among female students in Babcock University. Methods: A cross sectional study, in which 200 female participants with symptoms of UTI were recruited. Mid stream urine was collected from them and processed using the standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates from the samples with significant bacteriuria. Socio-demographic and risk factors were obtained using standard questionnaires, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: UTIs were confirmed in 14.5% (29/200) participants. Of the pathogens isolated, Escherichia coli was predominant 30.6% (11/36). Most of the pathogens isolated were susceptible to ofloxacin and gentamicin, while ceftriaxone had the least susceptibility (18.2%). The majority of the participants, 165 (82.5%) though symptomatic, did not have bacteriuria. The participants aged 15–20 years were mostly infected [24 (13.4%)]. No significant association was found between the socio-demographic factors and UTI. Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI from this study was 14.5%. E. coli was the predominant bacteria pathogen isolated, and of loxacin and gentamycin were the most active antibiotics on susceptibility pattern. The majority of the patients though symptomatic, had no pathogens isolated from their urine. Therefore, caution should be applied on the use of antibiotics when managing UTI based on symptoms alone, to prevent antibiotic resistance.