Browsing by Author "Tewe, O. O."

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Agro-Industrial by-products and farm wastes for poultry production in Nigeria: challenges and opportunities
(Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Univcrsity of Ibadan, 2011-06) Abu, O. A.; Iyayi, E. A.; Tewe, O. O.
The poultry industry in Nigeria requires up Io ninety per cent of the total commercially produced feeds in Nigeria. Conventionally, maize is the major source of energy in poultry feeds in Nigeria, while soybean, groundnut cake and fish meal are sources of protein. Poultry farmers often use alternative feed ingredients whenever the prices of the conventional feed ingredients increase beyond realization of profit. Agro-industrial by-products (AlBs) are mostly cereal and oil seed processing by-products but when poorly stored agro-industrial by-products often go mouldy necessitating the use of toxin binders. The substituability of cassava for maize is almost unity but for the additional processing effort that is required for cassava. Hatchety wastes (eggshell, culled eggs, poorly formed chicks) and slaughter houses (blood, bones, rumen scrapping, and feathers) are of animal origin potentially available for inclusion in feed. The use of animal by-products for componding feeds is however becoming less acceptable. Crop wastes that have potential for use in poultry feeding are cassava leaves and also leaves from other crops. The leaves can be good sources of leaf protein when harnessed. Exogenous enzymes results in cost reduction and improved animal performance. Whereas several of these by-products are available for inclusion in poultry feeds either as energy or protein alternatives, wide Variation in their nutritional compositions and lower quality compared to the conventional feedstuffs create a Situation of challenge in their use. Nevertheless, their potential can be harnessed by guided inclusion levels, further processing, supplementation with exogenous enzymes or a combination of all three factors. In conclusion, to complementing the use of alternatives feed ingredients, the poultry farmer should also be encouraged to increase the efficiency of production by considering proper manipulation of feed, application of appropriate housing System, the use of feed additives among others.
Growth and carcass characteristics of finishing broilers on acidified blood meal based diet
(2013-01) Abu, O. A.; Ogunwole, O. A.; Adedeji, B. S.; Adeboboye, A. V. K.; Tewe, O. O.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion of acidifer in a blood meal based diet on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. One hundred and eighty un-sexed 4-week old broiler chicks raised on a common Starter diet were randomly distributed into four experimental diets of 3 replicates and fifteen birds per replicate consisting of a control diet devoid of blood meal and acidifier (T1). Birds on treatment 2 (T2), in addition to common ingredients, had blood meal and acidifier; birds on treatment 3 (T3) had blood meal without acidifer and birds on treatment 4 (T4) had acidifier without blood meal. The birds were fed respective diets and watered ad libitum for four weeks. Daily feed intake was not significantly (p> 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. However, birds on treatment 3 had the poorest average daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The addition of acidifier to diet containing blood meal however alleviated depressed daily body weight. The final body weights were 1.78, 1.74, 1.53 and 1.71 kg for birds on diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Carcass yield expressed in percent live body weight were not significantly (p< 0.05) affected. The inclusion of blood meal in the diet without the addition of acidifier caused a mortality of 22% in the chickens and that addition of acidifier at 0.3% improved the growth performance and livability of chickens.
Haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers fed grits from three cassava varieties as replacement for maize
(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2013-03) Abu, O. O.; Popoola, A. A.; Kulakow, P.; Tewe, O. O.
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of 50% replacement of maize with grits prepared from three cassava varieties; TME 419, TMS 01/1371 and TMS 30572 as the major sources of energy oh the haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers. Four experimental diets were formulated in which cassava grits replaced maize at 0% for T I (control diet) and 50% of each treatments T2, T3 and T4 of TME 419, TMS 01/1371 and TMS 30572 cassava varieties, respectively. The replacements were same for Starter and finisher phases. One hundred and ninety-six day-old chicks of Abor acre strain were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with seven replicates of seven birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Haematology and serum biochemistry showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) at the end of the experiment. However, MCH, MCV and AST levels showed significant differences. Inclusion of grits made from whole roots of the three cassava varieties replaced 50% maize in broiler diets without detrimental effect on haematology and serum biochemistry.
Nutrient utilisation and carcass value of broilers fed palm kernel cake and cassava rations supplemented with ß- mannanase
(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2010-09) Adetunji, V. A.; Abu, O. A.; Tewe, O. O.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted on one 144- day old Arbor acre strain of broiler birds to investigate the nutrier utilization and carcass value of broilers fed palm kernel cake and cassava rations supplemented with ß -mannanase enzyme ir. a completely randomized design. The birds were subjected to six different dietary treatments with 24 birds per treatment ea: treatment had 3 replicates . Treatment I was the control with no test ingredients (no PKC, no Cassava grit). Treatments II, III, IV, V and VI were the test diets. In treatments II and III, maize were replaced in the diet with palm kernel cake + cassava Grit and Palm Kernel Cake +Dried Oil Cake respectively. Diet IV consisted of control + enzyme ß mannanase and diet V and VI consisted of the addition of enzyme ß mannanase to diets III & IV respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05, due to treatments on the weekly feed intake and body weight gain. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) on carcass value and nutrient utilization except dressed weight, eviscerated weight, neck weight expressed as percentage of dressed weight which showed significant (p<0.05) difference. Other carcass parameters evaluated did not differ significant (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in eviscerated weight and dressed weight among treatment II, VI and the control but treatment V and IV differ significantly from other treatments. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in nutrient utilization among the treatments. Treatments IV, V, and VI differ significantly from the control in dry matter digestibility, crude protein, crude fibre, ash. ether extract and nitrogen free extract. There was no significant difference in feed conversion With the noticeable trend in the result indicated that treatment V had improved performance therefore; it is more feasible to raise broilers on Cassava and palm kernel cake based diet supplemented with Enzyme mannanase for Optimum performance and productivity.
Performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of rabbit fed sweet potato based diets
(1999) Abu, O. A.; Tewe, O. O.; Bakare, J.
The performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed dehydrated sweet potato tops and sweet potato root meal in proportions of 100: 0. 90 : 10, 80: 20. 70 : 30, 60 : 40 and 50: 50 were investigated. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in daily feed intake. However, rabbits fed diets in proportion of 80 : 20 (T.) recorded the highest daily weight gain and was significantly different (P<0.05) from other dietary treatments. No significant difference (P>0.05) was reported for the apparent digestibility of crude fibre and ash. Rabbits on diets T3 (80 : 20) and T4 (70 : 30) had the highest killing out per cent and head weights. No mortality was recorded throughout the duration of this study.
Protein enrichment of sweet potato by solid state fermentation using four mono-culture fungi
(Biotechnology Society of Nigeria, 1999) Abu, O. A.; Oguntimein, G. B.; Tewe, O. O.
Washed, sliced and oven-dried whole sweet potato tubers (Ipomoea batatas) of the local variety were milled and supplemented with a mineral salts solution containing (g litre-1) glucose, 5; (NH4)2 SO4 1.5; KH2 PO4, 1.5; MgSO4 0.05;Yeast extract, 0.05 and fermented at 30ₒC for 72 hr by solid state fermentation (SSF) using Neurospora sitophila, Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis and Saccharomyces uvarum. At the end of the fermentation period A. niger gave the highest protein content of 11.8%, DM basis while S. uvarum showed the least protein content. However in terms of true protein production N sitophila gave the best value of 8.98%. While S. uvarum gave the least value under the Standard condition.
Proximate chemical and fatty acid composition of leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of apple-ring acacia (acacia albida del.) from North- Eastern Nigeria
(1998) Abu, O. A.; Losel, D. M.; Tewe, O. O.
The role of sweet potato in livestock farming in Nigeria
(Sweet Potato Group (SPG), 2008-09) Abu, O. A.; Tewe, O. O.
Solid-state fermentation of sweet potato using two monoculture fungi: changes in protein, fatty acid and mineral composition
(1997-09) Abu, O. A.; Losel, D. M.; Tewe, O. O.
This study evaluated the protein fatty acid and mineral changes in sweet potato root heal inoculated with two selected fungi by solid state fermentation procedure. The total protein content was raised from 4.95% to 11.83% and 6.69% within 48 hrs for Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger respectively. The total lipid dropped from 1.93% in the control to 1.36 and 4.19% for A. niger and A. oryzae respectively. The fatty acids C16:0 andC18:2 were preponderant over other fatty acids with A. niger and A. oryzae recording 18.94 and 28.17% for 06:0 and 43.20 and 37.88% for C18:2 respectively. The ash content values were 3.53% for the control, 3.54 and 4.51% for A. niger and A. oryzae respectively. The mineral changes analysed were for Calcium. Potassium, Iran. Manganese, Sodium, Zinc and Phosphorus. The pH changed from 5.26 for the control to 3.80 and 5.39 for A: niger and A oryzae respectively
Suitability of screened fungi for solid state fermentation
(1999) Abu, O. A.; Losel, D. M.; Onifade, A. A.; Tewe, O. O.
Seven fungi were screened to determine their suitability for solid-state fermentation. In a 5-day submerged fermentation Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus isolate, Amtillaria mellea and Rhizopus sexualis recorded 166.49, 122.60, 50.58, 23.94. 17.94 and 39.80 mg/ 100 ml biomass production respectively. Pleurotus ostreatus did not show any growth. However the colony radial growth rates of A. niger, A. oryzae, F. oxysporum and P. ostreatus varied from 10.50-76.88 mm over a 7-day growth period. The best colony radial growth rate of 76.88 mm was obtained for A. niger while 49.83, 73.83 and 50.50 mm were obtained for A. oryzae, P. ostreatus and F. oxysporum respectively. A positive correlation was obtained between colony radial growth rates and rate of starch utilization by the fungi. The overall result indicated that A. niger and A. oryzae had superiority over other fungi for all the parameters studied. They are therefore recommended for future studies of protein enrichment of starchy Substrates by solid state fermentation.
Sustainability and development: paradigms from Nigeria's livestock industry
(Ibadan University Press, 1998) Tewe, O. O.
Sweet potato production, utilisation and marketing in Nigeria
(The International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru, and the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2003-06) Tewe, O. O.; Ojeniyi, F. E.; Abu, O. A.