Browsing by Author "Tyokumbur,E.T"
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Item Appraisal of heavy and trace metals in the sediments and fish ( Hemisynodontis membraneceous ) from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; Okori,T.G; Umma,B.SA study was carried out on the assessment of heavy and trace metals in the sediments and fish (Hemisynodontis membranaceous) from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria from July to December. Twenty-five fish were collected using cast and gill nets. Fish organs assessed were muscle, liver, bone, gut, gills and fins, while the sediments were collected from five sites that comprised of a control, three effluent receivers and a recovery site. The facility used for the assessment of the heavy and trace metals was the inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for accuracy of the results while quality assurance was ensured using bovine liver and San Joaquin standard reference materials. Heavy and trace metals assessed were Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo,Ag, Cd and Pb .Heavy and trace metal levels in the liver of both fishes were significantly higher than the other tissues (P>0.05). The fish muscle that is mainly and highly consumed was found to be relatively higher in the accumulation of the heavy and trace metals thereby making it unfit for consumption. The control site (site 1) and recovery site (site 5) were significantly lower in sediment heavy and trace metals while sites 2, 3 and 4 were higher due to industrial effluents discharged into them. Sediment heavy and trace metals from the effluent sites were found to exceed the limit guidelines given by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. The study concludes that Alaro stream is polluted with its fisheries productsItem Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and cyclopoid copepod abundance in Awba Reservoir, Ibadan(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TA study was carried out on the effects of physico-chemical parameters on the microscopic cyclopoid copepod abundance in Awba reservoir, University of Ibadan between January and February 2005.McMaster Microscope was used to observe and identify the copepods while a water quality test kit was used to assess the physico- chemical parameters. The results showed a variation in the physico-chemical parameters of the sites with ranges for dissolved oxygen: 21.2mg/l ± 0.85 to 24 mg/l ± 1.71, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): 10.3 mg/l ±0.57 to 11.2 mg/l ±1.4. Temperature 28.10C±0.23 to 300C ±2.07, pH 7.2±0.13 to 7.5±0.27 and conductivity 304 µS/cm ± 42.7 to 330.5 µS/cm ± 70.3. Diverse taxonomic groups of cyclops were encountered at the four study sites in Awba Reservoir during the sampling period. The dominant groups varied across the sites. For site 1, Tropocyclops mellonbyi was dominant with a Berger-Parker Diversity Index (BPDI) of 92%, for site 2, Tropocyclops mellonbyi, Halicyclops korodiensis; Thermocyclops iwogiensis were present with a BPDI of 72%, 16% and 12%, respectively. For site 3, Tropocyclops mellonbyi and Halicyclops korodiensis were encountered with a BPDI of 88% and 12% for site 4, Ectocyclops ilariensis had a BPDI of 100% as the only cyclop species. The number of taxonomic groups also varied along the sites. The correlation between the physico- chemical parameters and Cyclops abundance at the four study sites was indicative of the effects of ecological factors on the Cyclops and the potential of cyclops to be used as bioindicators of environmental perturbation in the reservoirItem Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) in the Fish Lates niloticus from Alaro hydroecosystem, Ibadan(2015) Tyokumbur,E.T; Okorie,T.GA study was carried out on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) in the fish Lates niloticus from Alaro hydroecosystem, Ibadan. Fish were sampled and collected between January and December 2003 which was representative of dry and rainy season. Liver, muscle, gills, bones, gut and fins were acid-digested and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was assured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as Standard Reference Material (SRM). The range of heavy metals As, Cd and Pb in the fish organs were 0.000-0.201ppm, 0.000-0.342ppm and 0.00-14.12ppm respectively. The mean concentration of As in all the fish organs exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guideline while that of Cd concentration in the fin (0.049ppm) was below the WHO guideline and all the other organs exceeded it. For Pb, all the organs exceeded the WHO recommended guideline limit of 1ppm. Hence, this study shows that Alaro stream is impacted by grossly polluted effluents rich in heavy metals and therefore fish (L.niloticus) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health threats associated with their toxicityItem BIOACCUMULATION OF SOME METALS IN THE FISH SAROTHERODON GALILAEUS CAUGHT FROM ALARO STREAM IN IBADAN(2016) Tyokumbur,E.TStudies were carried out on the bioaccumulation of some metals in the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus caught from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. Previous studies have shown that fish can bioaccumulate and retain some metals from their environment which is dependent on exposure concentration, temperature, water hardness and metabolism of the animals, duration, as well as other factors such as salinity and lipid levels. In this study, the bioaccumulation of the some metals namely sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) in the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus caught from Alaro Stream in Ibadan was studied to ascertain the health risks associated with human consumption of the fish. The results showed that all the mean Na in the organs and tissues of S. galilaeus exceeded the recommended taste limit of 200 ppm. The highest mean Mg was in the bone (2684 ppm) while the lowest was 498 ppm (muscle) in the order: muscleItem Ecological Perspectives in Tiv Folklore, History and Policy in North Central Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TItem Evaluation of heavy and trace metals in the fish species oreochromis niloticus and alestes longipinnis from alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; okorie,T.An evaluation of the heavy and trace metals in the fish organs of Oreochromis niloticus and Alestes longipinnis from a tropical Alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria was carried out. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentration of heavy and trace metals in the organs of the fish species and to compare them with World Health Organization standards for human safety and exposure through consumption. Cast nets with mesh sizes ranging between 30-50mm of varying dimensional sizes were used for trapping the two fish species. Fish dissections were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, gut, bone, liver, fins and muscle which were oven dried at 1050C for 6hours.Pulverized tissues and organs were acid-digested for heavy and trace metal analyses using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that the mean concentration of heavy and trace metals were comparatively higher in Oreochromis niloticus: Mn(5612.7ppm,liver) and As (0.865ppm, muscle), while Na (15278ppm, liver), Mg (10245ppm, liver), K (30128ppm, liver), Ca (247186ppm, bones), V (13.82ppm, liver), Fe (10959.3ppm, liver), Co (8.56ppm, liver), Ni (5.82ppm, liver), Cu (175.78ppm, liver), Zn (274.6ppm, liver), Se (11.80ppm, liver), Mo (1.72ppm, liver), Ag (2.33ppm, liver), Cd (2.87 ppm, bone) and Pb (14.12ppm, gills) were higher in Alestes longipinnis. As, Ag, Cd and Pb exceeded the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization for most of the fish organs in Oreochromis niloticus and Alestes longipinnis. These results show that these fish species caught from Alaro stream which is polluted by industrial pollutants are not safe for human consumptionItem Heavy metal concentration (Copper, Manganese and Nickel) in the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; Okorie,T.GAn assessment was carried out on the heavy metal concentration in the organs of the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan. Fish were collected between January to December 2003 representing both the dry and rainy seasons. Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins were analyzed for copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was ensured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard reference material. The range of Cu, Mn and Ni in the fish organs was 4.24-77.79ppm, 13.8-96.5ppm and 0.04-0.92ppm respectively. Mean concentration of Mn in all the organs exceeded the FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) guideline limits set for it while that of Ni concentration in the muscle was below the WHO standard while all the other organs exceeded it. The heavy metal Cu, apart from the muscle, bone and gills, all the other organs exceeded the WHO recommended limit standard. The study shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.melanotheron) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health consequences posed in the high concentration of the heavy metals Cu, Mn and Ni.Item Heavy metal concentration in the fish channa obscura from alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TThe heavy metal concentration in the fish Channa obscura from Alaro Stream in Ibadan was assessed. Twenty-seven fish (C.obscura) were collected between January and December 2003 (Dry and rainy season).Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins of the fish were analyzed for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was obtained through the use of bovine liver as a standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The range of the Cd in the organs of C. obscura was 0.000- 0.507ppm, with the highest mean concentration in the gut (0.500ppm) and the lowest in the bones (0.057ppm). The order of mean increment in the Cd concentration was: boneItem Review of ecological effects of oil exploration in the Niger-Delta, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TA review was carried out on the ecological effects of oil exploration in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger-Delta is a vast bird foot-shaped floodplain and the World’s third largest delta. It is a geographical entity situated in the central part of Southern- Nigeria that is home to the oil-producing states of Nigeria. Oil activities and its ecological effects are discussed with remediation of affected sites. Sustainable development is recommended in the sector to boost the economy and meet the environmental quality aspirations of host communitiesItem Review of ecological perspectives on climate change in Nigeria Review of ecological perspectives on climate change in Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TA review has been carried out on the ecological perspectives on climate change in Nigeria. The country is one of the leading producers of crude oil and a major contributor of greenhouse gases that cause climate change. The current and future consequences of climate change have been discussed with local examples of ecological effects. Efforts to control climate change are highlighted at local and global scales since the effects are not restricted within national boundaries. It is recommended that greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced through efficient energy use, diversification of energy sources away from fossil fuels and safe agricultural practisesItem Review of Mentoring in Developing Countries(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TItem Review of Mentoring in Developing Countries(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TItem Review of Potential Ecological Impacts of Peaceful Robotic Drone Use and Policy Implications for Developing Countries(2015) Tyokumbur,E.TA review has been carried out on the potential ecological impacts of peaceful or civilian robotic drone use and its policy implications for developing countries. The author delves into the emergence of what has become today known as drones right from the late 16th century it was first used as a hot - air balloon through its evolvement over the decades inspired by the need for national defence and global peace. The article highlights the rapid departure from the tragic use of military - grade drones to peaceful or civilian uses in the last decade to policy implications for developing countries. The article gives succinct analyses of the reported and potential pros and cons associated with peaceful drone use in developed and developing countries with the aim of assisting the later in this unavoidable policy decision at hand. Suggestions are made on the way forward through approaches to arrive at policy criteria on peaceful robotic drone use in accordance with cultural, developmental, ethical and ecological needs, aspirations and peculiarities of developing countries in need of such a framework.Item Review of Potential Ecological Impacts of Peaceful Robotic Drone Use and Policy Implications for Developing Countries(2015) Tyokumbur,E.TA review has been carried out on the potential ecological impacts of peaceful or civilian robotic drone use and its policy implications for developing countries. The author delves into the emergence of what has become today known as drones right from the late 16th century it was first used as a hot - air balloon through its evolvement over the decades inspired by the need for national defence and global peace. The article highlights the rapid departure from the tragic use of military - grade drones to peaceful or civilian uses in the last decade to policy implications for developing countries. The article gives succinct analyses of the reported and potential pros and cons associated with peaceful drone use in developed and developing countries with the aim of assisting the later in this unavoidable policy decision at hand. Suggestions are made on the way forward through approaches to arrive at policy criteria on peaceful robotic drone use in accordance with cultural, developmental, ethical and ecological needs, aspirations and peculiarities of developing countries in need of such a framework.Item Science Communication in Ecology: Developing Country Perspectives(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TItem Studies on protozoan parasites in angwan rogo, Jos-North Local Government of Plateau State, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; Ajayi,J.A study was carried out on the incidence and spread of intestinal protozoan infections in the residents of Angwan Rogo Village in Jos-North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Faecal samples were collected from 686 residents and examined using direct smear and concentration techniques. Residents examined were between the ages of below 15 years and above and were drawn from five divided units of the study area. Results of the study showed generally low infection rates of 22.30%, 2.33%, 4.96%, and 2.77% for Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli and Entamoeba coli respectively. Infection rates for residents of different age groups showed little variation in the different parts of Angwan Rogo.There were cases of mixed infections with Entamoeba histolytica in most cases .Socio-economic factors such as types of toilets used and the personal hygiene appeared to have limited effects on the observed parasitic infection rates. Preventive measures to enhance control of the infections are discussed.Item Studies on protozoan parasites in angwan rogo, Jos-North Local Government of Plateau State, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TA study was carried out on the toxic and trace metal accumulation in Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zilli from Alaro stream in Ibadan, from January 2002 to December 2003. Organs assessed were muscle, liver, bone, gills, fins and gut, while the facility used for the assessment was the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for accuracy of the results. Toxic and trace metals assessed were Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (K), Calcium (Ca), Vanadium (V), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe),Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se), Molybdenum (Mo), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Toxic and trace metal levels in the liver of both fishes were significantly higher than the other tissues (P>0.05). Toxic and trace metal accumulation in the organs was found to be dependent on the concentration in the water, duration of exposure and rate of uptake of the metals. The muscle that is mainly consumed was found to be relatively low in the accumulation of the toxic and trace metals. Toxic metals such as As, Cd and Pb exceeded the guideline limit set for them by the World Health Organization (WHO). A biomonitoring program is recommended for Alaro stream due to the industrial effluents discharged into it.Item Trace metal accumulation in the organs of the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; Umma,B.S; Okorie,T.GTrace metal accumulation in the organs of the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro stream in Ibadan was assessed. A total of 25 fishes were caught in the sampling of Alaro stream. Dissections were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, fins, gut (intestine), liver, bones and muscle. Acid digestion was carried out after drying and pulverization of the fish organs. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used for the trace metal analyses while bovine liver standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards (NIST) was used for quality assurance of the results. This study shows that mean concentration of the following trace metals As, Cd, Cu and Pb in S.galilaeus from the Alaro stream in Ibadan exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limits set for most of the organs. This means that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.galilaeus) caught from the stream is unfit for human consumption due to the public health consequences posed in consuming such food.Item Trace metal accumulation in the organs of the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; Umma,B.S; Okorie,T.GTrace metal accumulation in the organs of the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro stream in Ibadan was assessed. A total of 25 fishes were caught in the sampling of Alaro stream. Dissections were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, fins, gut (intestine), liver, bones and muscle. Acid digestion was carried out after drying and pulverization of the fish organs. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used for the trace metal analyses while bovine liver standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards (NIST) was used for quality assurance of the results. This study shows that mean concentration of the following trace metals As, Cd, Cu and Pb in S.galilaeus from the Alaro stream in Ibadan exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limits set for most of the organs. This means that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.galilaeus) caught from the stream is unfit for human consumption due to the public health consequences posed in consuming such food.