Browsing by Author "Tyokumbur,E.T"
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Item Appraisal of heavy and trace metals in the sediments and fish ( Hemisynodontis membraneceous ) from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; Okori,T.G; Umma,B.SA study was carried out on the assessment of heavy and trace metals in the sediments and fish (Hemisynodontis membranaceous) from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria from July to December. Twenty-five fish were collected using cast and gill nets. Fish organs assessed were muscle, liver, bone, gut, gills and fins, while the sediments were collected from five sites that comprised of a control, three effluent receivers and a recovery site. The facility used for the assessment of the heavy and trace metals was the inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for accuracy of the results while quality assurance was ensured using bovine liver and San Joaquin standard reference materials. Heavy and trace metals assessed were Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo,Ag, Cd and Pb .Heavy and trace metal levels in the liver of both fishes were significantly higher than the other tissues (P>0.05). The fish muscle that is mainly and highly consumed was found to be relatively higher in the accumulation of the heavy and trace metals thereby making it unfit for consumption. The control site (site 1) and recovery site (site 5) were significantly lower in sediment heavy and trace metals while sites 2, 3 and 4 were higher due to industrial effluents discharged into them. Sediment heavy and trace metals from the effluent sites were found to exceed the limit guidelines given by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. The study concludes that Alaro stream is polluted with its fisheries productsItem Appraisal of Heavy Metals in the Fish Sarotherodon galilaeus and Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2017) Tyokumbur,E.T; Umma,B.SAn appraisal was carried out on the heavy metals in the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron and Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. The study was carried out because fish is a major source of affordable protein for the ever growing global human population. The concentration of heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem as a result of human activities at any given time portend a health risk for consumers of fish and its products. A total of fifty fish comprising S. melanotheron (25) and S. galileaus (25) were collected from the study area. Dissected and pulverized fish organ samples were acid- digested in Teflon tubes for analyses using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mean Ni in the liver, gut and fins of both fish exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit guideline (0.07ppm). All the mean Se concentration in the organs of the two fish were all above the WHO limit guideline of 0.04ppm. With the exception of the muscle (0.01ppm) in S. galilaeus, all the other mean V concentration in the organs of the two fish were higher than the limit guideline of 0.02ppm while there is no current value for Mn and Co. The study shows that organs of S. galilaeus and S. melanotheron had V, Ni and Se above the World Health Organization’s limit guidelines thereby making the fish unfit for human consumption as long as the effluents discharged into the stream remain untreated. Continuous biomonitoring of the aquatic ecosystem for heavy metal pollution is recommended.Item APPRAISAL OF LEAD IN THE ORGANS AND TISSUES OF DOMESTIC CHICKEN (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS) IN IBADAN(2016) Tyokumbur,E.TA study was carried out on the assessment of lead in the organs and tissues of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Ibadan from August to October 2015. Ten (10) chickens (layers and broilers) expressed as samples 1-10 were purchased from different retailer markets (Bodija, Ojoo and Sango) within Ibadan City. The chickens were dissected to remove the intestine, liver, kidney, blood, feathers and muscles were oven-dried at 220°C. The pulverized organ and tissues samples were acid- digested and analyzed for the heavy metal lead (Pb) using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the highest Pb concentrations in parts per million (ppm) were recorded in the liver (2.940 ± 0.040), intestine (3.9800 ± 0.500), kidney (3.6600 ± 0.6000), feather (3.5900 ± 0.06000), and muscle (3.400 ± 0.4000) in sample 10, while the lowest concentration was recorded in the kidney (0.150 ± 0.0300) in sample 1 all at Bodija Market. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significance of the Pb metal in the organs and tissues of chickens at P<0.05. Less than half of the samples had Pb concentration that exceeded the permissible limit of 0.1 ppm set by FAO/WHO. The study shows that meat from the chicken organs and tissues in Ibadan are relatively safe for human consumption.Item Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Wild Fish ( Clarias gariepinus ) Consumed in Wukari Area of Taraba State, Nigeria(2017) Tyokumbur,E.T; Umma,B.SA study was carried out on the assessment of heavy metal bioaccumulation in wild fish (Clarias gariepinus) consumed in Wukari area of Taraba State in Nigeria between July and November 2016. Twenty-two (22) market sizes smoke-dried fish (C. gariepinus) were randomly bought from the Wukari markets in Taraba State in July 2016 and burned to ashes with a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mn and Co) in the dried fish samples was analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the mean concentration of highly toxic Cd and Pb was below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline limits of 0.05 ppm and 1.0 ppm respectively. The essential Cu concentration in the liver (32 ppm) exceeded the WHO set limit of 30 ppm while the other organs were below it. Fifty percent (50%) of the organs (bones, liver and muscles) exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.07 ppm for Ni, while the gills, fins and skin were below it. The mean Mn concentration in all the organs were below the FEPA guideline limit. The results showed that the mean toxic heavy metal Cd and Pb in the organs of the fish C. gariepinus were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limit and therefore safe for human consumption. Essential heavy metals like Cu and Ni were slightly above WHO guideline limit in some organs which means consumption quantity should be in moderation. It is therefore recommended that regular biomonitoring studies on heavy metals should be carried out on fish species widely consumed in the area for public health goodItem Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and cyclopoid copepod abundance in Awba Reservoir, Ibadan(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TA study was carried out on the effects of physico-chemical parameters on the microscopic cyclopoid copepod abundance in Awba reservoir, University of Ibadan between January and February 2005.McMaster Microscope was used to observe and identify the copepods while a water quality test kit was used to assess the physico- chemical parameters. The results showed a variation in the physico-chemical parameters of the sites with ranges for dissolved oxygen: 21.2mg/l ± 0.85 to 24 mg/l ± 1.71, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): 10.3 mg/l ±0.57 to 11.2 mg/l ±1.4. Temperature 28.10C±0.23 to 300C ±2.07, pH 7.2±0.13 to 7.5±0.27 and conductivity 304 µS/cm ± 42.7 to 330.5 µS/cm ± 70.3. Diverse taxonomic groups of cyclops were encountered at the four study sites in Awba Reservoir during the sampling period. The dominant groups varied across the sites. For site 1, Tropocyclops mellonbyi was dominant with a Berger-Parker Diversity Index (BPDI) of 92%, for site 2, Tropocyclops mellonbyi, Halicyclops korodiensis; Thermocyclops iwogiensis were present with a BPDI of 72%, 16% and 12%, respectively. For site 3, Tropocyclops mellonbyi and Halicyclops korodiensis were encountered with a BPDI of 88% and 12% for site 4, Ectocyclops ilariensis had a BPDI of 100% as the only cyclop species. The number of taxonomic groups also varied along the sites. The correlation between the physico- chemical parameters and Cyclops abundance at the four study sites was indicative of the effects of ecological factors on the Cyclops and the potential of cyclops to be used as bioindicators of environmental perturbation in the reservoirItem Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) in the Fish Lates niloticus from Alaro hydroecosystem, Ibadan(2015) Tyokumbur,E.T; Okorie,T.GA study was carried out on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead) in the fish Lates niloticus from Alaro hydroecosystem, Ibadan. Fish were sampled and collected between January and December 2003 which was representative of dry and rainy season. Liver, muscle, gills, bones, gut and fins were acid-digested and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was assured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as Standard Reference Material (SRM). The range of heavy metals As, Cd and Pb in the fish organs were 0.000-0.201ppm, 0.000-0.342ppm and 0.00-14.12ppm respectively. The mean concentration of As in all the fish organs exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guideline while that of Cd concentration in the fin (0.049ppm) was below the WHO guideline and all the other organs exceeded it. For Pb, all the organs exceeded the WHO recommended guideline limit of 1ppm. Hence, this study shows that Alaro stream is impacted by grossly polluted effluents rich in heavy metals and therefore fish (L.niloticus) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health threats associated with their toxicityItem BIOACCUMULATION OF SOME METALS IN THE FISH SAROTHERODON GALILAEUS CAUGHT FROM ALARO STREAM IN IBADAN(2016) Tyokumbur,E.TStudies were carried out on the bioaccumulation of some metals in the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus caught from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. Previous studies have shown that fish can bioaccumulate and retain some metals from their environment which is dependent on exposure concentration, temperature, water hardness and metabolism of the animals, duration, as well as other factors such as salinity and lipid levels. In this study, the bioaccumulation of the some metals namely sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) in the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus caught from Alaro Stream in Ibadan was studied to ascertain the health risks associated with human consumption of the fish. The results showed that all the mean Na in the organs and tissues of S. galilaeus exceeded the recommended taste limit of 200 ppm. The highest mean Mg was in the bone (2684 ppm) while the lowest was 498 ppm (muscle) in the order: muscleItem Does Science Education in Developing Countries Really Count?(2010) Tyokumbur,E.TItem Ecological Perspectives in Tiv Folklore, History and Policy in North Central Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TItem Environmental Health Perspectives in Electronic Cigarette Use: A Sustainable Approach(2016) Tyokumbur,E.T; Ngor,T.TA review is carried out on environmental health perspectives in electronic cigarettes using a sustainable approach. Electronic cigarette (EC) use continues to increase with time from its first introduction in 2004 and could have either deleterious or beneficial effects on public health depending on its impact on smoking initiation and cessation. Previous reports have described conditions of EC use that support minimal or no nicotine delivery as a placebo for tobacco use cessation. This review underscores the need for effective surveillance of e-cigarettes and their effects on smoking, users’ health and a smoke-free policy. Keywords: Electronic cigarette, public health, nicotine, cigarette.Item EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF SOIL MITES IN A TROPICAL LANDFILL(2016) Tyokumbur,E.TA study was carried out the Evaluation of Effects of Heavy Metals on Abundance and Diversity of Soil Mites in a tropical landfill in Ibadan from April to July 2003. Heavy metal sources from natural and the anthropogenic factors have increased their bioavailability and ecological impacts in the ecosystem. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of heavy metals on soil mites in a tropical landfill site in Ibadan. Five demarcated study plots at the landfill were randomly selected and marked out with a dimension of 10 metres by 10 metres with a Control site of the same dimension located at an elevated location about 100 metres away from the edge of the landfill. Soil samples at a depth of <10 cm were collected from the study plots using a hand trowel on a monthly basis. Buckard –Model of Berlesce-Tullgren funnel extractor was used to extract soil mites while the soil samples were acid-digested for heavy metal analyses using Shimadzu Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. With the exception Pb (1.99 ppm) at Plot 3, all the other mean heavy metals were below that of the Control Plot (6). Soil mite taxa had higher abundance and diversity at the Control plots than in the landfill. Heavy metals Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe concentrations in the study exceeded guideline limits set by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FEPA, 1992). The study concludes that the soil in Aba- Eku landfill in Ibadan is contaminated by heavy metals.Item EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF SOIL MITES IN A TROPICAL LANDFILL(2016) Tyokumbur,E.TA study was carried out the Evaluation of Effects of Heavy Metals on Abundance and Diversity of Soil Mites in a tropical landfill in Ibadan from April to July 2003. Heavy metal sources from natural and the anthropogenic factors have increased their bioavailability and ecological impacts in the ecosystem. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of heavy metals on soil mites in a tropical landfill site in Ibadan. Five demarcated study plots at the landfill were randomly selected and marked out with a dimension of 10 metres by 10 metres with a Control site of the same dimension located at an elevated location about 100 metres away from the edge of the landfill. Soil samples at a depth of <10 cm were collected from the study plots using a hand trowel on a monthly basis. Buckard –Model of Berlesce-Tullgren funnel extractor was used to extract soil mites while the soil samples were acid-digested for heavy metal analyses using Shimadzu Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. With the exception Pb (1.99 ppm) at Plot 3, all the other mean heavy metals were below that of the Control Plot (6). Soil mite taxa had higher abundance and diversity at the Control plots than in the landfill. Heavy metals Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe concentrations in the study exceeded guideline limits set by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FEPA, 1992). The study concludes that the soil in Aba- Eku landfill in Ibadan is contaminated by heavy metals.Item Evaluation of heavy and trace metals in the fish species oreochromis niloticus and alestes longipinnis from alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; okorie,T.An evaluation of the heavy and trace metals in the fish organs of Oreochromis niloticus and Alestes longipinnis from a tropical Alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria was carried out. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentration of heavy and trace metals in the organs of the fish species and to compare them with World Health Organization standards for human safety and exposure through consumption. Cast nets with mesh sizes ranging between 30-50mm of varying dimensional sizes were used for trapping the two fish species. Fish dissections were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, gut, bone, liver, fins and muscle which were oven dried at 1050C for 6hours.Pulverized tissues and organs were acid-digested for heavy and trace metal analyses using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that the mean concentration of heavy and trace metals were comparatively higher in Oreochromis niloticus: Mn(5612.7ppm,liver) and As (0.865ppm, muscle), while Na (15278ppm, liver), Mg (10245ppm, liver), K (30128ppm, liver), Ca (247186ppm, bones), V (13.82ppm, liver), Fe (10959.3ppm, liver), Co (8.56ppm, liver), Ni (5.82ppm, liver), Cu (175.78ppm, liver), Zn (274.6ppm, liver), Se (11.80ppm, liver), Mo (1.72ppm, liver), Ag (2.33ppm, liver), Cd (2.87 ppm, bone) and Pb (14.12ppm, gills) were higher in Alestes longipinnis. As, Ag, Cd and Pb exceeded the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization for most of the fish organs in Oreochromis niloticus and Alestes longipinnis. These results show that these fish species caught from Alaro stream which is polluted by industrial pollutants are not safe for human consumptionItem Heavy metal concentration (Copper, Manganese and Nickel) in the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; Okorie,T.GAn assessment was carried out on the heavy metal concentration in the organs of the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan. Fish were collected between January to December 2003 representing both the dry and rainy seasons. Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins were analyzed for copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was ensured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard reference material. The range of Cu, Mn and Ni in the fish organs was 4.24-77.79ppm, 13.8-96.5ppm and 0.04-0.92ppm respectively. Mean concentration of Mn in all the organs exceeded the FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) guideline limits set for it while that of Ni concentration in the muscle was below the WHO standard while all the other organs exceeded it. The heavy metal Cu, apart from the muscle, bone and gills, all the other organs exceeded the WHO recommended limit standard. The study shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.melanotheron) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health consequences posed in the high concentration of the heavy metals Cu, Mn and Ni.Item Heavy metal concentration in the fish channa obscura from alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TThe heavy metal concentration in the fish Channa obscura from Alaro Stream in Ibadan was assessed. Twenty-seven fish (C.obscura) were collected between January and December 2003 (Dry and rainy season).Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins of the fish were analyzed for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using the inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was obtained through the use of bovine liver as a standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The range of the Cd in the organs of C. obscura was 0.000- 0.507ppm, with the highest mean concentration in the gut (0.500ppm) and the lowest in the bones (0.057ppm). The order of mean increment in the Cd concentration was: boneItem Review of ecological effects of oil exploration in the Niger-Delta, Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TA review was carried out on the ecological effects of oil exploration in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger-Delta is a vast bird foot-shaped floodplain and the World’s third largest delta. It is a geographical entity situated in the central part of Southern- Nigeria that is home to the oil-producing states of Nigeria. Oil activities and its ecological effects are discussed with remediation of affected sites. Sustainable development is recommended in the sector to boost the economy and meet the environmental quality aspirations of host communitiesItem Review of ecological perspectives on climate change in Nigeria Review of ecological perspectives on climate change in Nigeria(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TA review has been carried out on the ecological perspectives on climate change in Nigeria. The country is one of the leading producers of crude oil and a major contributor of greenhouse gases that cause climate change. The current and future consequences of climate change have been discussed with local examples of ecological effects. Efforts to control climate change are highlighted at local and global scales since the effects are not restricted within national boundaries. It is recommended that greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced through efficient energy use, diversification of energy sources away from fossil fuels and safe agricultural practisesItem Review of Mentoring in Developing Countries(2014) Tyokumbur,E.TItem Review of Mentoring in Developing Countries(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T