Browsing by Author "Umar, U. A."

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    An assessment of ovarian cancer histologic types across the African Diaspora
    (2021) George, S. H. L.; Omotoso, A.; Pinto, A.; Mustapha, A.; Sanchez-Covarrubias, A. P.; Umar, U. A.; Umar, A. B.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Okolo, C. A.; Anthony, U. U.; Ukekw, F. I.; Bakari, M. A.; Dahiru, A. M. C.; Abdullahi, H. I.; Abimiku, B. A.; Abdurrahman, A.; Usman, A.; Ahmed, S. A.; Usman, H. A.; Kabir, A.; Eleje, G. U.; Chiemeka, M. E.; Nzeribe, E.; Nweke, I.; Kadas, S. A.; Suleiman, D. E.; Ekanem, E.; Uche, U. M.; Paul, J.; Agwu, U. M.; Edegbe, F. O.; Anorlu, R. I.; Banjo, A.; Ajenifuja, K. O.; Fawole, A. A.; Kazeem, I. O. O.; Magaji, F.; Silas, O.; Athanasius, B. P.; Tamunomie, N. K.; Abudu, E. B. K.; Ango, I. G.; Abdullahi K.; Lawal, I.; Kabir, S. A.; Ekanem, V.; Ezeanochie, M.; Yahaya, U. R.; Castillo, M. N.; Bahall, V.; Chatrani, V.; Brambury, I.; Bowe, S.; Halliday, D.; Bruney, G.; Butler, R.; Ragin, C.; Odedina, F.; Chamala, S.; Schlumbrecht, M.; Audu, B.
    Objective: Ovarian cancer in Black women is common in many West African countries but is relatively rare in North America. Black women have worse survival outcomes when compared to White women. Ovarian cancer histotype, diagnosis, and age at presentation are known prognostic factors for outcome. We sought to conduct a preliminary comparative assessment of these factors across the African diaspora. Methods: Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer (all histologies) between June 2016- December 2019 in Departments of Pathology at 25 participating sites in Nigeria were identified. Comparative population-based data, inclusive of Caribbean-born Blacks (CBB) and US-born Blacks (USB), were additionally captured from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and Florida Cancer Data Systems. Histology, country of birth, and age at diagnosis data were collected and evaluated across the three subgroups: USB, CBB and Nigerians. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square and student’s t-test with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Nigerians had the highest proportion of germ cell tumor (GCT, 11.5%) and sexcord stromal (SCST, 16.2%) ovarian cancers relative to CBB and USB (p=0.001). CBB (79.4%) and USB (77.3%) women were diagnosed with a larger proportion of serous ovarian cancer than Nigerians (60.4%) (p<0.0001). Nigerians were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancers at the youngest age (51.7± 12.8 years) relative to USB (58.9 ± 15.0) and CBB (59.0± 13.0,p<0.001). Black women [CBB (25.2 ± 15.0), Nigerians (29.5 ± 15.1), and USB (33.9 ± 17.9)] were diagnosed with GCT younger than White women (35.4 ± 20.5, p=0.011). Black women [Nigerians (47.5 ± 15.9), USB (50.9 ± 18.3) and CBB (50.9 ± 18.3)] were also diagnosed with SCST younger than White women (55.6 ± 16.5, p<0.01). Conclusion: There is significant variation in age of diagnosis and distribution of ovarian cancer histotype/diagnosis across the African diaspora. The etiology of these findings requires further investigation.
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    Effect of rigor state and curing temperature on the processed yield and physicochemical properties of broiler meat
    (National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2016) Haruna, M. H.; Olusola, O. O.; Olugbemi, T. S.; Ayo, T. S.; Umar, U. A.
    A study was conducted using 16 (sixteen) half carcasses of broiler chickens with the aim of improving the yield and quality of meat products. The effects of rigor state and curing temperature on yield and quality of smoked-cooked meat were investigated using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The meat was cured pre-rigor and post-rigor in hot and cold brine solution, after which they were smoked for approximately two hours to an internal temperature of 69±1ºC. The results showed that rigor states significantly (P<0.05) affected dry matter, moisture, lipid and nitrite content. Lower moisture (20.23 %) and lipid content (10.37 %) was observed in the post-rigor meat but with higher nitrite content (131.06 ppm). Curing temperatures significantly (P<0.05) affected the yield, dry matter, moisture, nitrite and salt contents of the product. The yield of meat and moisture content was higher in cold cure (14.60 % and 32.68 % respectively) but with a lower nitrite and salt content. Furthermore, the interaction between curing temperature and rigor state was also significant (P<0.05) with post rigor and cold cure interacting best with a yield of 15.88 % and lipid content of 10.35 %. Lowest moisture content was observed in the post-rigor hot cure treatment (15.49 %). Nitrite and salt contents were lower in the pre-rigor cold cure treatment (108.90 and 1.86 % respectively) with also higher ash content (5.62 %). It is concluded that optimum yield can be achieved through cold curing in post- rigor state.