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Item Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence, before and during pregnancy among attendees of maternal and child health services, Enugu, Nigeria: mixed method approach, January 2015(African Field Epidemiology Network, 2019) Ezeudu C. C.; Akpa O.; Waziri N. E.; Oladimeji A.; Adedire E.; Saude I.; Nguku P.; Nsubuga P.; Fawole O. I.Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is an under-reported public health problem. This study determined the prevalence of IPV and types of IPV, complications and factors associated with IPV among women accessing health services. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 702 women accessing maternal and child health services in Enugu State, Nigeria using multi-stage sampling technique. Quantitative data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, qualitative data by key informant interview (KII). We analysed data using descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: mean age of respondents was 27.71 ± 5.14 years and 654 (93.2%) were married. Prevalence of IPV, a year before last pregnancy, was 307 (43.7%) and during last pregnancy was 261 (37.2%). Frequent involvement in physical fights with other men, controlling behaviour and younger aged partners (< 40 years) were independent predictors of IPV experience both before and during pregnancy. Independent predictors of IPV experience before and during pregnancy were younger aged partners (< 40 years). [Adjusted Odds Ratio AOR 1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17, 2.53], partner having controlling behaviour AOR 2.24; 95% C.I=1.51-3.32) and Partner's frequent involvement in physical fights (AOR 2.29; 95% C.I = 1.43-3.66). Having a male child and married/ cohabiting were protective against violence. KII revealed poverty, lack of education and infidelity as common triggers of IPV. Conclusion: the prevalence of IPV and types of IPV was high and the predisposing factors of IPV in Enugu were multifactorial. Couple counselling sessions that focus on non-violence conflict resolution techniques is crucial to end IPV.Item Dominant modifiable risk factors for stroke in Ghana and and Nigeria (SIREN): a case-control study(Elsevier Ltd., 2018) Owolabi M. O.; Sarfo F. S.; Akinyemi R. O.; Gebregziabher M.; Akpa O.; Akpalu A.; Wahab K.; Obiako R.; Owolabi L.; Ovbiagele B.Background Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest incidence, prevalence, and fatality from stroke globally. Yet, only little information about context-specific risk factors for prioritising interventions to reduce the stroke burden in sub-Saharan Africa is available. We aimed to identify and characterise the effect of the top modifiable risk factors for stroke in sub Saharan Africa. Methods The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study is a multicentre, case-control study done at 15 sites in Nigeria and Ghana. Cases were adults (aged ≥18 years) with stroke confirmed by CT or MRI. Controls were age-matched and gender-matched stroke-free adults (aged ≥18 years) recruited from the communities in catchment areas of cases. Comprehensive assessment for vascular, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors was done using standard instruments. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and population attributable risks (PARs) with 95% CIs. Findings Between Aug 28, 2014, and June 15, 2017, we enrolled 2118 case-control pairs (1192 [56%] men) with mean ages of 59•0 years (SD 13•8) for cases and 57•8 years (13•7) for controls. 1430 (68%) had ischaemic stoke, 682 (32%) had haemorrhagic stroke, and six x (<1%) had discrete ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions. 98•2% (95% CI 97•2–99•0) of adjusted PAR of stroke was associated with 11 potentially modifiable risk factors with ORs and PARs in descending order of PAR of 19•36 (95% CI 12•11–30•93) and 90•8% (95% CI 87•9–93•7) for hypertension, 1•85 (1•44–2•38) and 35•8% (25•3–46•2) for dyslipidaemia, 1•59 (1•19–2•13) and 31•1% (13•3–48•9) for regular meat consumption, 1•48 (1•13–1•94) and 26•5% (12•9–40•2) for elevated waist-to-hip ratio, 2•58 (1•98–3•37) and 22•1% (17•8–26•4) for diabetes, 2•43 (1•81–3•26) and 18•2% (14•1–22•3) for low green leafy vegetable consumption, 1•89 (1•40–2•54) and 11•6% (6•6–16•7) for stress, 2•14 (1•34–3•43) and 5•3% (3•3–7•3) for added salt at the table, 1•65 (1•09–2•49) and 4•3% (0•6–7•9) for cardiac disease, 2•13 (1•12–4•05) and 2•4% (0•7–4•1) for physical inactivity, and 4•42 (1•75–11•16) and 2•3% (1•5–3•1) for current cigarette smoking. Ten of these factors were associated with ischaemic stroke and six with haemorrhagic stroke occurrence. Interpretation Implementation of interventions targeting these leading risk factors at the population level should substantially curtail the burden of stroke among Africans.