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Item Survival analysis of time interval between first and second childbirth among women in Nigeria(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2020) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Ojo, A. E.; Onyeike, N. O.; Okafor, I. P.; Atilola, S. O.; Olabuyi, R. A.; Afolabi, R. F.Background: Birth spacing, especially between first and second births, could impact on fertility, and on maternal and child health. While the interval between marriage and first-birth has been widely studied, information on intervals between first and second births (SBI) and its determinants is scarce. We investigated the timing of second childbirth and its determinants among women in Nigeria. Methods: Using the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, we analysed data on 27451 women of reproductive age who had reported at least one childbirth as of the survey date. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazard regression with 95% confidence interval (CI) computed. Results: The median SBI among women in Nigeria was 34 months (CI: 33.7–34.3). The hazard of second-birth was higher among women from rural (HR=1.161; CI: 1.13-1.19) compared to those from the urban areas. While women living in other regions had tendencies to shorten SBI compared with the North Central, those from South West were 9% (aHR=0.91; CI: 0.86–0.96) less likely to delay it. For every one year age-at-first birth delayed among women, the hazard of second-birth increased by 1.9%. Wealth status, contraceptive use, being employed, higher education among women and spouses, and first-child survival are protective of SBI. Conclusions: Contraceptive use, being employed, living in an urban area, belonging to higher wealth quintile and higher educational attainment could lead to longer second birth interval which could lead to a healthier child, safer motherhood, and reduced fertility. Women should be encouraged to delay SBI as a fertility-control-strategyItem Modelling the survivorship of Nigeria children in their first 10 years of life(Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State, Nigeria, 2016) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akinyemi, J. O.Introduction: Several studies have attributed social demographic and environmental characteristics to differentials in children mortality rates worldwide but there is paucity of information on modelling of children survival in Nigeria. In this study we modelled children survival in Nigeria for first five years of life and predicted their chances of survival in their sixth to tenth years of life. Methods: We used the data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to carry out a retrospective analysis of children survival. We computed the probability of survival and mortality rates for the first five years and predicted survivals for 6th to 10th years of life using life table techniques and compared our estimates with those obtained using Brass indirect techniques. Results: The probability of a child surviving up to exact age 1 and 5 were 0.9212 (95% CI: 0.919-0.923) and 0.8583 (95% CI: 0.855-0.861), respectively. About 142 of every 1000 children would not make their tenth birthday in Nigeria. We found higher survivorship trend among female children than the males with higher rates in Southern Nigeria than in the Northern parts. The estimates of probabilities of survival from age 1 to 5 from the fitted curves agreed very closely with those obtained from Brass indirect techniques as the variability was less than 2%. Conclusion: Child mortality is high in Nigeria with fewer children deaths among females. Probability of not attaining age 10 in South West is lower than chances of not marking first birthday in North West zone. Efforts must be concentrated in reversing the worrisome survival trend in Nigeria especially in the Northern parts of the country.