scholarly works

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    Gender variation in self-reported likelihood of HIV infection in comparison with HIV test results in rural and urban Nigeria
    (Biomed Central, 2011) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Adedokun, B. O.; Bamgboye, E. A.
    Background: Behaviour change which is highly influenced by risk perception is a major challenge that HIV prevention efforts need to confront. In this study, we examined the validity of self-reported likelihood of HIV infection among rural and urban reproductive age group Nigerians. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of Nigerians. We investigated the concordance between self-reported likelihood of HIV and actual results of HIV test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether selected respondents’ characteristics affect the validity of self-reports. Results: The HIV prevalence in the urban population was 3.8% (3.1% among males and 4.6% among females) and 3.5% in the rural areas (3.4% among males and 3.7% among females). Almost all the respondents who claimed they have high chances of being infected with HIV actually tested negative (91.6% in urban and 97.9% in rural areas). In contrast, only 8.5% in urban areas and 2.1% in rural areas, of those who claimed high chances of been HIV infected were actually HIV positive. About 2.9% and 4.3% from urban and rural areas respectively tested positive although they claimed very low chances of HIV infection. Age, gender, education and residence are factors associated with validity of respondents’ self-perceived risk of HIV infection. Conclusion: Self-perceived HIV risk is poorly sensitive and moderately specific in the prediction of HIV status. There are differences in the validity of self-perceived risk of HIV across rural and urban populations.
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    Modeling HIV/AIDS epidemics in West Africa: Results for UNAIDS modeling approach from some selected countries
    (Medwell Journals, 2007) Akpa, O. M.; AyeIola, B. A.
    The Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) developed by UNAIDS reference group have been used with some notable success in some countries of the sub-Saharan (East and South) African Countries. In this present studies, we present results for five modeling methods applied to four countries in the West African Sub region. Using five modeling assumption with respect to 2 data situations and paying attention to the parameters determining the dynamics of HIV/AIDS epidemics, we employ Epp to model the prevalence of the epidemic in four West African countries. We used these estimates to further explain the underlying trend in the epidemic in each of the selected countries. For the unedited data, our results shows that in 2005 the default model yielded 17.69% (Urban: 4.72%, Rural: 28.82%) for Nigeria, 5.23% (Urban: 4.48%, Rural: 6.18%) for Ghana, 4.75% (Urban: 5.28%, Rural: 4.33%) for Cote d'Ivoire and 0.54% (Urban: 0.49%, Rural: 0.59%) for Senegal. The computed Log-Likelihood (LL) estimates for the default model are (Urban: 187.8809, Rural: 4, 948. 3913), (Urban: 181.5688, Rural: 664.9529), (Urban: 320.0272, Rural: 388.4773) and (Urban: 45.7742, Rural: 78.0798) for Nigerian, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire and Senegal, respectively.