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Item SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG STUDENTS OF THE SCHOOL OF NURSING, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN(2015-01) OMOTOSHO, I. K.Sexual Harassment (SH) which covers a continuum of behavioural patterns ranging from unwanted verbal advances to physical assault constitutes a major reproductive health concern worldwide. In Nigeria, studies have shown that students in institutions of higher learning are vulnerable to SH. However, its prevalence among student nurses has not been adequately explored. This study therefore determined the prevalence of SH among students of School of Nursing, University College Hospital (SNUCH), Ibadan. The descriptive cross-sectional study involved the use of a two-stage sampling technique in selecting 250 consenting nursing students at different levels of study at SNUCH. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire containing information relating to students’ perception and prevalence of SH, its perpetrators, places of occurrence, types, consequences as well as coping strategies employed by victims was used for data collection. Descriptive and Chi-square statistics were used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance. Respondents’ mean age was 23.0 ± 4.1 years and 78.8% were females. Most respondents (91.2%) perceived SH to be common in the school. Fifty-eight percent of respondents comprising 11.6% males and 46.4% females had ever been sexually harassed. The main perpetrators of SH against female students included male resident doctors (24.5%), male patients (11.3%), male friends (7.5%), and male medical students (5.7%). Main harassers of males were female colleagues (44.8%) and female patients (20.7%). Common SH experienced included: unwanted body contact (79.3%) breast contact (67.6%), enticement (45.5%), attempted rape (39.3%) and unwanted kiss (26.3%). Perceived predisposing factors to SH included suggestive dressing (55.2%) and peer influence (56.0%). Places where SH occurred included hospital premises (28.2%), party (26.8%), reading rooms (20.0%) and classrooms (17.2%). The experienced adverse consequences included hatred (80.8%), depression (68.4%), fear of possible reoccurrence (74.8%) and loss of concentration on academics (68.0%). Significant association existed between respondents’ perception of prevalence of SH and experience of SH. Attending parties and wearing suggestive dresses were positively associated with incidence of SH. Though coping strategies adopted by the respondents was reported to be ineffective, the ones peculiar to males included reporting to school authority (72.0%), lecturers (62.1%) and confrontation (55.2%) while those peculiar to females iv included ignoring perpetrator (71.6%), avoidance (83.6%) and breaking relationship (85.3%). More males (82.7%) were dissatisfied with coping strategies employed than females (52.6%). More respondents in Basic Nursing programme (60.1%) were satisfied with coping strategies employed than their counterparts in Midwifery (45.0%), Perioperative (50.0%) and Occupational Nursing (40.0%). Fifty–seven percent of respondents were dissatisfied with handling SH personally while only 11.6% were satisfied with how reported cases were handled by the school authority. Sexual harassment is prevalent among the students of SNUCH, with females being more affected and coping strategies adopted were ineffective and unproductive. Institutional based interventions such as sensitization, coping strategy skills development, legislation and punitive policy reviews are needed to address these concerns.Item HIV-RELATED STIGMA, DISCRIMINATION AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS RECEIVING TREATMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN, NIGERIA(2014-04) OLUWASOLA, OLUSOLA DEBORAHStigma complicates the prevention and control of HIV worldwide as it adversely affects the care seeking practices among People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). In Nigeria HIV stigma-related practices experienced by PLWHA have not been adequately investigated. This study therefore focused on HIV-related stigma, discrimination and coping mechanisms among PLWHA receiving treatment at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional survey. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 700 consenting clients at President Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief clinic UCH. A semi-structured questionnaire which included questions on stigma-related and discriminatory experiences, perceived consequences and coping strategies was used for data collection. Indepth Interviews (IDI), were conducted among eight consenting respondents who had experienced serious HIV-related stigma and discrimination such as loss of job, divorce and marital separation. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic approach. Respondents’ mean age was 40.0 ± 9.4 years, 60.8% were married, 67.7% were females, and 56.2% were traders. Majority (78.1%) had ever experienced self-stigmatization as a result of their HIV sero-positive status with 27.0% experiencing it within the three months preceding the study. A major indicator of self-stigmatization was the unwillingness to disclose HIV sero- positive status to family members (53.7%) and to friends (69.3%). Significantly more females (56.3%) than males (48.7%) were scared of disclosing their HIV positive status to family members (p<0.05). Nearly a third of respondents (30.3%) had ever experienced stigmatization from other people. Stigmatization experienced by PLHWA included treatment with disdain (67.0%) and restriction of social interaction (65.9%). Few (5.1%) respondents experienced at least one form of discrimination in the three months preceding the study. The experienced discriminatory acts included rejection by friends (1.3%), avoidance (1.7%), isolation (1.1%), gossips by members of the community (0.6%), loss of job (1.3%) and disclosure of status to others by health workers without permission (4.0%). The perceived consequences of HIV-related stigma included sadness (68.0%), divorce (61.3%) and social isolation (58.9%). The coping strategies adopted by respondents included being unperturbed (53.7%), praying (45.9%) and ignoring acts of stigmatization (40.0%). Only 27.7% of respondents enrolled with a social support group for PLWHA. The most common benefits of being a member of a support group included sharing of discriminatory experiences (29.8%), counselling services (29.8%), sharing of condom (22.0%), other material support (18.4%) and acquisition of enterpreneurial skills (1.2%). Verbal assault was a key concern among majority of Indepth Interviewees. In addition, marital instability was disclosed to be a major social consequence of HIV among married persons. Stigmatization and discrimination constitute major challenges among the People Living With HIV and AIDS. Psychotherapy, advocacy and public enlightenment are needed to address the problems.