Scholarly works in Health Promotion and Education

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    Comparison of instructions to authors and reporting of ethics components in selected African Biomedical Journals: 2008 and 2017
    (SAGE Publishing., 2024) Dipeolu, I. O.; Wassenaar, D. R.
    Journal editors instruct authors to describe human participant protections in original research reports. However, little is known about African biomedical journal authors’ adherence to such journal editors’ instructions. This study investigated changes in editors’ instructions to authors and authors’ reporting of research ethics information in selected African biomedical journals between 2008 and 2017. Twelve selected journal websites and online articles were reviewed in Eastern, Southern, and Western African [ESWA] countries. A pre-tested schema and a checklist were used to collect data from journal websites and articles published in 2008 and 2017, and the data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Half of the journals requested prospective authors to disclose ethics approval and related issues in their manuscripts between 2008 and 2017. There was a significant increase in instructions to authors regarding information on the protection of research participants within this period; more authors complied with these requirements in 2017 than in 2007.
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    Knowledge, risk perception and utilisation of hepatitis B vaccine among youths in a semi-urban area in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria.
    (Rzeszów University Press, 2024) Oyasope, B. T.; Atibioke, O. P.; Dipeolu, I. O
    Introduction and aim. Hepatitis B is a chronic liver disease responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of hepatitis B vaccine, the incidence of disease is increasing. This study was designed to investigate the knowledge, risk perception, and utilization of hepatitis B vaccine among youths in the Ido Local Government Area, Oyo state, Nigeria. Material and methods. A cross-sectional survey design was adapted, and 422 consenting youths were recruited. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A 19-point knowledge scale was used; scores ≤6, >6–12, and >12– 19 were considered poor, fair and good knowledge, respectively. Risk perception was measured on a 14-point scale, with scores ≤7 and >7 as poor and good, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact at α0.05. Results. Respondents were 26.6±3.5 years, and 56.2% were females. Only 13.7% had good knowledge of hepatitis B, and 53.2% had a good perception of hepatitis B infection. Moreover, 48.9% had received at least one dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine. A significant association existed between knowledge, risk perception and utilization of hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion. Knowledge and utilization of hepatitis B vaccine were low among the respondents. Health education programs in the study area are crucial to improving hepatitis B vaccine utilization among youth.
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    Osteoporosis knowledge among women of reproductive age in Ibadan North East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2023) Orintunsin, T. P.; Dipeolu, I. O
    Osteoporosis remains the most common metabolic bone disorder, with a disproportionate burden among females. However, effective management of osteoporosis remains suboptimal, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nigeria, with critical shortages in healthcare resources. Primary prevention strategies targeted at young adults less than 30 years of age could delay the disease onset. This study investigated the knowledge of osteoporosis among women of reproductive age in Ibadan North East Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 women of reproductive age living in Ibadan North East LGA, using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Knowledge questions were categorised as poor, fair, and good. Data were analysed using IBM/Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23) software. The respondents' age was 28.3±9.2 years. Mass media (63.7%) was the main source of awareness of osteoporosis, while the majority (92.6%) had poor knowledge of osteoporosis. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge and level of literacy, age, income, and educational level (p<0.05). Knowledge of osteoporosis among the respondents is sub-optimal. To reduce the disease burden, there is a need for improved community awareness tailored to young and adult women on the risk factors and protective function of dietary consumption of calcium and vitamin D in preventing osteoporosis
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    Smartphone addiction and perceived health effects among students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Ibadan Journal of Sociology, 2023) Nakkudu, H.; Dipeolu, I. O
    Smartphones are essential in university students’ lives. However, its frequent use can lead to addiction and affect their academic performances negatively and well-being. There is little or no research on the pattern, perceived adverse effects and factors that promote smartphone addiction. This study was designed to investigate smartphone use patterns, the predictive factors of addiction, addiction characteristics and perceived health effects among university students. A cross-sectional survey design and a multi-stage sampling technique were used to select 250 students from the University in Ibadan. A modified Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) were used for data collection. Data were analysed and presented in descriptive and inferential statistics at α 0.05. Respondents' age was 26.9±2.4 years, 52.8% were males, and 81.2% were single. Smartphone addiction prevalence was 61.2%. The majority (73.6%) had a negative attitude towards smartphone use. Most (83.6%) perceived smartphone addiction affects sleep quality, and 76.8% perceived smartphone addiction negatively affects academic performance. Respondents have high-perceived health effects towards smartphone addiction, but this did not influence their attitude towards smartphone use.
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    Cyberbullying experiences and coping strategies in Ibadan metropolis, Ibadan, Nigeria.
    (European Scientific Institute (ESI)., 2023) Kehinde, A. M.; Dipeolu, I. O.
    Introduction/Aim: Cyberbullying of influential personalities or celebrities is a media menace. Psychological, depressional, and emotional suicidal ideation effects are some of the impacts on celebrities. A few studies have investigated celebrities' coping mechanisms against this, with the majority from developed countries. There is a dearth of information on this among celebrities in Nigeria. This study investigated the experience, effects, and coping mechanisms of cyberbullying among celebrities in the Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Material and method: A descriptive cross-sectional purposive sampling method was adopted. An in-depth interview guide was used for data collection among 14 consented celebrities. Data were manually analysed thematically. Results: Most participants were 25-35 years old and were comedians. All have experienced cyberbullies, such as popularity attacks and defamation of character. The effects of cyberbullying on the victims include low self-esteem, mental stress, depression, substance abuse, and financial crisis. Jealousy, hatred, envy, and quest for popularity among the perpetrators fuelled this menace. However, some celebrities have overcome these effects through technical, preventive, corrective, social support, and spiritual approaches. Conclusion: Cyberbullying is prevalent among celebrities and many experienced psychological effects. Awareness, interventions aimed at its prevention, and adequate coping strategies are needed to solve this menace.
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    A local beverage in three communities of Jos: a public health concern.
    (African Journals Online (AJOL), 2023) Okareh, O. T.; Dalyop, S. M.; Dipeolu, I. O
    Background: Burukutu, a local alcoholic beverage whose processing relies on doubtful water sources, may contain heavy metals and pathogens. Objective: To assess the physico-chemical and biological hazards in Burukutu, the water used in its production and the perceived health risks associated with its consumption. Methods: A cross-sectional survey adopted a four-stage sampling technique to select 370 respondents. Three Burukutu producing communities (Community A (CA), Community B (CB), Community C (CC)) were selected purposively. A semi-structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used for data collection. Samples of water used in production and Burukutu were analysed for proximate, heavy metals and physico-chemical parameters using the Standard Organisation of Nigeria and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency standards. A microbial assay was carried out on all the samples. Data were analysed in descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05. Results: Respondent age was 37.4±9 years, 57% had safety concerns about Burukutu consumption, and 88.6% experienced side effects. Water used for Burukutu production in CA contained Copper (3.520±0.58 mg/L), Zinc (3.52±0.57 mg/L) concentrations, and Nickel concentration in CB was 0.04±0.17 mg/l. Samples of Burukutu showed that the concentration of Iron, Cobalt and Nickel in the three communities were above the SON maximum permissible limit, Zinc in CA, and CC were 3.67±0.57 mg/L and 3.43±0.12 mg/Ll, respectively. Conclusion: High heavy metals and microorganisms concentration were found in both water and Burukutu samples. Training of brewers on hygiene practices and sensitisation of community members on the risk of consumption of unhygienic Burukutu are recommended.
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    Assessment of Facilities, Safety Conditions and Prevalence of Accidents In Selected Public High Schools In Ibadan, South West Nigeria.
    (The Society for Public Health Professionals of Nigeria (SPHPN), 2022) Okareh, O. T.; Nwaeburu, A. E.; Okoror, T. A.; Dipeolu, I. O.
    Background: Poor classrooms, school facilities, and environments in public high schools create a highrisk environment for students. Objectives: This study assessed the safety conditions and prevalence of school-related accidents and injuries in selected public high schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among respondents in 36 selected high schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area. Data collection was done using 1. a pretested questionnaire for the survey among students, 2. Observational checklists for On-site Observation (OO) of school facilities and 3. Assessment of water quality (WQ). The questionnaire contains 10-point to assess respondents’ knowledge of safe conditions and accidents. Water quality was analysed using standard methods and compared with WHO standards. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05. Results: Respondent’s age was 14.7±2.0 years. Only 7.5% and 4.8% of the respondents have good knowledge and attitude on safe conditions and accidents, respectively; 38.7% reported overcrowding(40-59 per class). All school facilities are in poor sanitary conditions, and there w1as an absence of safety programmes in the schools. Most respondents (96.2%) have had school accidents, 25.5% used a basket with a cover as a waste storage container, and 68.8% used waste burning as a disposal method. Less than half, 42%, use pit latrines for excreta disposal. Only 39.4% had access to water. Heavy metals in water detected were below the WHO standards, while E coli was not detected. Conclusion: The high occurrence of school-related accidents among students could be attributed to deplorable conditions and poor safety practices and awareness. Therefore, there is a need to improve safety education and practices in public high schools.
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    Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study.
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Frostad, J. J.,; Nguyen, Q. P.; Baumann, M. M.; Blacker, B. F.; Marczak, L. B.; Deshpande, A.,; Dipeolu, I. O., ...; Kapoor, N.
    Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2•1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution.
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    Utilisation of primary health care facilities in Lagun Community of Lagelu Local Government Area of Oyo State Nigeria
    (Modestum, 2023) Oyeyemi, T.; Awesu, T. K.,; Amubieya, O. E.; Dipeolu, I. O.,; Oluwasanu, M. M.,; Adedosu, J
    Poor funding and mismanagement were identified as a major setback to healthcare service delivery in Nigeria and of which is a prominent factor affecting its coverage and quality. This study examined the gap in the utilization of primary healthcare facilities in Lagun Community of Lagelu Local Government Area of Oyo State Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design using multi-stage random sampling technique to select 80 respondents that met the criteria were given the opportunity to participate in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were used for data analysis at 0.05 significance level, results showed that mean age of respondents was 30.5±17.0, where majority (97.4%) speaking indigenous Yoruba language. More than half (56.2%) were Christians, 56.6% had secondary education, and two-fifth (40.0%) of respondents being traders. Relationship between utilization and other factors at (X2=1.000, df=1, p=0.183) showed that awareness and availability were good, while accessibility and affordability were below the expectation as recommended by World Health Organization. Also, utilization of facilities that embraced health-for-all projected for the year 2020 millennium development goal would have assisted better improvement in achieving an holistic medical architecture through government and other health agencies proactive approaches if more enlightenment, intervention, health insurance accessibility, unalloyed cooperation of the dwellers with various health professionals anticipating in promoting utilization of health facilities in the community.
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    Social consequences of COVID-19 on fertility preference consistency and contraceptive use among Nigerian women: insights from population-based data.
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2022) Akinyemi, J. O.; Dipeolu, I. O.; Adebayo, M. A.; Gbadebo, B. M.; Ajuwon, G. A.; Olowolafe, T. A.; Adewoyin, Y.; Odimegwu, C. O.
    Background: Emerging evidence from high income countries showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had negative effects on population and reproductive health behaviour. This study provides a sub-Saharan Africa perspective by documenting the social consequences of COVID-19 and its relationship to fertility preference stability and modern contraceptive use in Nigeria. Method: We analysed panel data collected by Performance Monitoring for Action in Nigeria. Baseline and Follow-up surveys were conducted before the COVID-19 outbreak (November 2019-February 2020) and during the lockdown respectively (May-July 2020). Analysis was restricted to married non-pregnant women during follow-up (n = 774). Descriptive statistics and generalized linear models were employed to explore the relationship between selected social consequences of COVID-19 and fertility preferences stability (between baseline and follow-up) as well as modern contraceptives use. Results: Reported social consequences of the pandemic lockdown include total loss of household income (31.3%), food insecurity (16.5%), and greater economic reliance on partner (43.0%). Sixty-eight women (8.8%) changed their minds about pregnancy and this was associated with age groups, higher wealth quintile (AOR = 0.38, CI: 0.15- 0.97) and household food insecurity (AOR = 2.72, CI: 1.23-5.99). Fertility preference was inconsistent among 26.1%. Women aged 30-34 years (AOR = 4.46, CI:1.29-15.39) were more likely of inconsistent fertility preference compared to 15-24 years. The likelihood was also higher among women with three children compared to those with only one child (AOR = 3.88, CI: 1.36-11.08). During follow-up survey, 59.4% reported they would feel unhappy if pregnant. This was more common among women with tertiary education (AOR = 2.99, CI: 1.41-6.33). The odds increased with parity. The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 32.8%. Women aged 45-49 years (AOR = 0.24, CI: 0.10-0.56) were less likely to use modern contraceptives than those aged 15-24 years. In contrast, the odds of contraceptive use were significantly higher among those with three (AOR = 1.82, CI: 1.03-3.20), four (AOR = 2.45, CI: 1.36-4.39) and at least five