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Item Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Mallotus oppositifolium in in-vitro, in-vivo and ex-vivo model systems(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2010) Adedara, I. A.; Adesanoye, O. A.; Farombi, E. O.The protective effect of antioxidants and naturai !y occurring substances against oxidative stress damage has recently attracted much attention. The ieaves of Mallotus oppositifolium, a shrub of thè famìly Euphorbiacea that grows in many parts of Africa, are used in folk medicine and herbal preparations for die treatment of dysentery, worms and malaria. The study in vestigated thè antioxidant properties of thè methanolic extract of thè Ieaves of Mallotus oppositifolium (MEMO) in comparison with butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) as a standard antioxidant using three free radicai generators viz hydrophilic radicai generator 2,2-azobis(2- amidino propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), hydrophobic radicai generator 2,2-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) and hydroxyl radicai and non-specific radicai generator Fe2+/ascorbate System in an in vitro, in vivo and ex-vivo model systems. Phytochemical analysis of thè Ieaves extract was al so assessed. Phytochemical analysis of thè powdered Ieaves revealed thè presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardenolides and saponins. In vitro study indicated that while MEMO failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by AAPH, while BHA offered 55.5% inhibition. In addition, while AMVN- induced LPO was inhibited by 17.7% and 29.4% by MEMO and BHArespectively, Fe2+/ascorbate system- induced LPO was inhibited by 57.9% and 78.9% by MEMO and BHArespectively. Ex-vivo studies showed that MEMO at lOOmg/kg bw reduced malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels by 34.5% and 12.0% respectively compared with thè control. In vivo, MEMO increased (P<0.05) superoxide dismutase and calai ase activities by 408.0% and 295.0% respectively. Taken together, this study demonstrates that MEMO exhibits antioxidant, radicai scavenging and enhancement of enzymatic antioxidant capacity and as such could intervene in toxicological processes mediated by free radicai mechanisms.Item Influence of Chloramphenicol and Amoxicillin on Rat Liver Microsomal Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation(2014-09) Adesanoye, O. A.; Ifezue, A. O. C.; Farombi, E. O.Generation of reactive oxygen species beyond the antioxidant capacity of biological system has been reported to give rise to oxidative stress which through a series of events deregulates cellular functions, leading to oxidative damage and various pathological conditions. This study examined the effect of chloramphenicol and amoxicillin on liver microsomal enzymes Ca2+-ATPase and Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-P) and lipid peroxidation in rats. Male Wistar strain rats weighing 120 – 195 g were divided into four groups. Group one, the control group, received physiological saline, group two received Amoxicillin at 10.71 mg/kg, group three received Chloramphenicol at 28.57 mg/kg, while group four was administered combination of chloramphenicol and amoxicillin. Drugs were administered for ten days and the animals sacrificed on the eleventh day. Detection of oxidation in liver microsomal fraction was carried out by assessment of lipid peroxidation and conjugated diene. Ca2+-ATPase and G-6-P activities and total protein content were also measured. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Student’s T-Test. Significant (p<0.05) decreases in G-6-P activity by 55.30%, 38.37%, 55.30% and Ca2+-ATPase activity by 38.99%, 30.16%, 26.88% were recorded with chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol/amoxicillin treatments respectively when compared with the control group while total microsomal protein content was depleted by 70.50% 79.27%, 75.87% respectively. TBARS and Diene Conjugation were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in the treated groups. Findings from this study suggest that Chloramphenicol and Amoxicillin induced oxidative stress in rats and perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis presumably due to generation of free radicals.