scholarly works
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/498
Browse
12 results
Search Results
Item Utility of cockroach as a model organism in the assessment of toxicological impacts of environmental pollutants(Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Adedara, I. A.; Mohammed, K. A.; Da-Silva, O. F.; Salaudeen, F. A.; Goncalves, F. L. S.; Rosemberg, D. B.; Aschner, M.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.Environmental pollution is a global concern because of its associated risks to human health and ecosystem. The bio-monitoring of environmental health has attracted much attention in recent years and efforts to minimize environmental contamination as well as to delineate toxicological mechanisms related to toxic exposure are essential to improve the health conditions of both humans and animals. This review aims to substantiate the need and advantages in utilizing cockroaches as a complementary, non-mammalian model to further understand the noxious impact of environmental contaminants on humans and animals. We discuss recent advances in neuro- toxicology, immunotoxicology, reproductive and developmental toxicology, environmental forensic entomo- toxicology, and environmental toxicology that corroborate the utility of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana, Blaptica dubia, Blattella germanica and Nauphoeta cinerea) in addressing toxicological mechanisms as well as a sensor of environmental pollution. Indeed, recent improvements in behavioural assessment and the detection of potential biomarkers allow for the recognition of phenotypic alterations in cockroaches following exposure to toxic chemicals namely saxitoxin, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, electromagnetic fields, pharma- ceuticals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, chemical warfare agents and nanoparticles. The review provides a state-of-the-art update on the current utility of cockroach models in various aspects of toxicology as well as discusses the potential limitations and future perspectives.Item Chronic ciprofloxacin and atrazine co-exposure aggravates locomotor and exploratory deficits in non-target detritivore speckled cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea)(Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2021) Adedara, I. A. || || || || || || ||; Godswill, U. S.; Mike. M. A.; Afolabi, B. A.; Amorha, C. C.; Sule, J.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.The global detection of ciprofloxacin and atrazine in soil is linked to intensive anthropogenic activities in agriculture and inadvertent discharge of industrial wastes to the environment. Nauphoeta cinerea is a terrestrial insect with cosmopolitan distribution and great environmental function. The current study probed the neurobehavioral and cellular responses of N. cinerea singly and jointly exposed to atrazine (1.0 and 0.5 μg g−1 feed) and ciprofloxacin (0.5 and 0.25 μg g−1 feed) for 63 days. Results demonstrated that the reductions in the body rotation, maximum speed, turn angle, path efficiency, distance traveled, episodes, and time of mobility induced by atrazine or ciprofloxacin per se was exacerbated in the co-exposure group. The altered exploratory and locomotor in insects singly and jointly exposed to ciprofloxacin and atrazine were verified by track plots and heat maps. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and anti-oxidative enzyme activities with concomitant elevation in the levels of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were significantly intensified in the midgut, hemolymph, and head of insects co-exposed to ciprofloxacin and atrazine. In conclusion, exposure to binary mixtures of ciprofloxacin and atrazine elicited greater locomotor and exploratory deficits than upon exposure to the individual compound by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and induction of oxido-inflammatory stress responses in the insects. N. cinerea may be a usable model insect for checking contaminants of ecological risks.Item Toxicological outcome of exposure to psychoactive drugs carbamazepine and diazepam on non-target insect Nauphoeta cinerea(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Adedara, I. A.; Ajayi, B. O.; Afolabi, B. A.; Awogbindin, I. O.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.The continuous detection of human pharmaceuticals during environmental biomonitoring is a global concern because of thè menaces they may exert on non-target organisms. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and diazepam (DZP) are commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs which have been reported to coexist in thè environment globally. Nauphoeta cinerea is a common insect with high ecological impact. This study elucidated thè influence of co-exposure to DZP (0.5 and 1.0 pg kg-1 diet) and CBZ (1.5 and 3.0 pg kg~* diet) for 42 days on thè behavior and biochemical responses in Nauphoeta cinerea. Results showed that DZP alone did not induce adverse effect on thè behavior and antioxidant status in thè exposed insects. However, exposure to CBZ alone and binary mixtures of DZP and CBZ significantly decreased locomotor and exploratory accomplishments evidenced by decreased mobile episodes, total mobile time, maximum speed, total distance traveled, absolute turn angle, body rotation and path efficiency in comparison with control. The decline observed in thè exploratory activities of insects fed with CBZ alone and thè mixtures was confirmed by tracie plots and heat maps. Further, acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased significantly whereas reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly in thè hemolymph, head and midgut of insects exposed to CBZ alone and thè mixtures. Collectively, CBZ alone and binary mixtures of CBZ and DZP .Item Hazardous impact of diclofenac exposure on thè behavior and antioxidant defense System in Nauphoeta cinerea(Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Adedara, I. A.; Awogbindin, I. O.; Afolabi, B. A.; Ajayi, B. O.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.Environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac (DCF) is globally acknowledged to be a threat to thè ecosystems. Nauphoeta cinerea is an important insect with valuable ecological role. The present investigation aimed to elucidate thè impact of DCF on insects by assessing thè behavior and antioxidant defense response in nymphs ofN. cinerea exposed to DCF-contaminated food at 0,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 pg kg~* feed for 42 successive days. Subsequent to exposure period, neurobehavioral analysis using video-tracking software in a novel apparatus was performed before estimation of biochemical endpoints in thè head, midgut and hemolymph of thè insects. Results indicated that DCF-exposed insects exhibited marked reduction in thè maximum speed, total distance traveled, mobile episodes, total mobile time, body rotation, absolute turn angle and path efficiency, whereas thè total freezing time was increased compared with thè control. The diminution in thè exploratory activities of DCF-exposed insects was substantiated by heat maps and track plots. Additionally, DCF elicited marked diminution in antioxidant enzyme and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities along with increase in nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in thè head, midgut and hemolymph of thè insects. Taken together, DCF elicited neurotoxicity and oxido-inflammatory stress in exposed insects. N. cinerea may be a suitable model insect for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in non-target insect species.Item Neuroprotective mechanisms of selenium against arsenic-induced behavioral impairments in rats(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Adedara, I. A.; Fabunmi, A. T.; Ayenitaju, A. C.; Atanda, O. E.; Adebowale, A. A.; Ajayi, B. O.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Owoeye, O.; Farombi, E. O.Environmental pollution due to arsenic is associated with several adverse health effects including neurotoxicity in animals and humans. Selenium is a nutritionally essential trace metalloid well documented to elicit com- pelling pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo. Report on the influence of selenium on arsenic-mediated behavioral derangement is lacking in literature. Hence, to fill this knowledge gap, rats were either exposed to arsenic per se in drinking water at 60 pg AsO2Na/L or co-administered with inorganic selenium at 0.25 mg/kg or organic selenium diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) at 2.5 mg/kg body weight for 45 successive days. Neurobehavioural data from rats in a new environment using video-tracking software evinced that inorganic and organic forms of selenium significantly (p < 0.05) abrogated arsenic-induced motor and locomotor in- sufficiencies such as increased negative geotaxis and fecal pellets numbers as well as the diminution in grip strength, body rotation, maximum speed, absolute turn angle and total distance travelled. The augmentation in the behavioral activities in rats co-administered with arsenic and both forms of selenium was substantiated using track and occupancy plots analyses. Selenium mitigated arsenic-induced decreases in glutathione level and acetylcholinesterase activity as well as the increase in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Moreover, selenium diminished inflammatory parameters (myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide, tumour ne- crosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels), caspase-3 activity and ameliorated histological lesions in the cerebellum, cerebrum and liver of the rats. Collectively, selenium abated arsenic-induced behavioral derange- ments via anti-inflammation, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in rats.Item Selenium abates reproductive dysfunction via attenuation of biometal accumulation, oxido-inflammatory stress and caspase-3 activation in male rats exposed to arsenic(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Adedara, I. A.; Adebowale, A. A.; Atanda, O. E.; Fabunmi, A. T.; Ayenitaju, A. C.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.Frequent exposure to arsenic is well documented to impair reproductive function in humans and animals. Biological significance of inorganic selenium and organoselenium, diphenyl selenide (DPDS), has been attributed to their pharmacological activities. However, their roles in arsenic-mediated reproductive toxicity is lacking in literature. The present study evaluated the protective effects elicited by selenium and DPDS in arsenic-induced reproductive deficits in rats. Animals were either exposed to arsenic alone in drinking water at 60 µg AsO₂Na L⁻¹ or co-treated with selenium at 0.25 mg kg⁻¹ or DPDS at 2.5 mg kg⁻¹ body weight for 45 consecutive days. Results indicated that arsenic-mediated deficits in spermatogenic indices and marker enzymes of testicular function were significantly abrogated in rats co-treated with selenium or DPDS. Additionally, selenium or DPDS co-treatment prevented arsenic-mediated elevation in oxidative stress indices and significantly suppressed arsenic-mediated inflammation evidenced by diminished myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta levels in hypothalamus, testes and epididymis of the rats. Moreover, selenium or DPDS abrogated arsenic mediated activation of caspase-3 activity and histological lesions in the treated rats. Taken together, selenium or DPDS improved reproductive function in arsenic-exposed rats via suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and caspase-3 activation in rats.Item Diphenyl diselenide abrogates brain oxidative injury and neurobehavioural deficits associated with pesticide chlorpyrifos exposure in rats(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Adedara, I. A. || || || || || ||; Owoeye, O.; Awogbindin, I. O.; Ajayi, O. B.; Adeyemo, O. A.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.Exposure to pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is associated with neurodevelopmental toxicity both in humans and animals. Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is a simple synthetic organoselenium well reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, there is paucity of information on the beneficial effects of DPDS on CPF-mediated brain injury and neurobehavioural deficits. The present study investigated the neuroprotective mechanism of DPDSin rats sub-chronically treated with CPF alone at 5 mg/kg body weight or orally co-treated with DPDS at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight for 35 consecutive days. Endpoint analyses using video- tracking software in a novel environment revealed that co-treatment with DPDS significantly (p < 0.05) pro- tected against CPF-mediated locomotor and motor deficits precisely the decrease in maximum speed, total distance travelled, body rotation, absolute turn angle, forelimb grip strength as well as the increase in negative geotaxis and incidence of fecal pellets. The enhancement in the neurobehavioral activities of rats co-treated with DPDS was verified by track plot analyses. Besides, DPDS assuaged CPF-induced decrease in acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes activities and the increase in myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation level in the mid-brain, cerebral cortex and cerebellum of the rats. Histologically, DPDS co-treatment abrogated CPF- mediated neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis3 in the treated rats. In conclusion, the neuroprotective mechanisms of DPDS is related to the prevention of oxidative stress, enhance- ment of redox status and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain regions of the rats. DPDS may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent against brain injury resulting from CPF exposure.Item Dietary co-exposure to methylmercury and monosodium glutamate disrupts cellular and behavioral responses in the lobster cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea model(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Afolabi, B. A. || || ||; Adedara, I. A.; Souza, D. O.; Rocha, J. B. T.The present study aims to investigate the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) both separately and combined with a low dose of methylmercury (MeHg) on behavioral and biochemical parameters in Nauphoeta cinerea (lobster cockroach). Cockroaches were fed with the basal diet alone, basal diet + 2% NaCl, basal diet + 2% MSG; basal diet+0.125 mg/g MeHg, basal diet+0.125 mg/g MeHg + 2% NaCl; and basal diet+0.125 mg/g MeHg + 2% MSG for 21 days. Behavioral parameters such as distance traveled, immobility and turn angle were automatically measured using ANY-maze video tracking software (Stoelting, CO, USA). Biochemical end-points such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), total thiol and TBARS were also evaluated. Results show that MeHg+NaCl, increased distance traveled while MeHg+MSG increased time immobile. AChE activity was significantly reduced in cockroaches across all the groups when compared to the control. There was no significant alteration in GST activity and total thiol levels. It could be that both NaCl and MSG potentiates the neurotoxic effect of MeHg in cockroaches.Item Neuroprotection of luteolin against methylmercury-induced toxicityin lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Adedara, I. A. || || || || ||; Rosemberg, D. B.; Souza, D. O.; Farombi, E. O.; Aschner, M.; Rocha, J. B. T.Luteolin (3_, 4_, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a polyphenolic compound found in foods of plant origin and has been reported to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. However, there is dearth of information on the beneficial effects of luteolin on methylmercury (MeHg), a long-established neuro-toxic compound in animals and humans. This study evaluated the effect of luteolin on MeHg-inducedbehavioral and biochemical deficits, using lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea as an alternative and complementary animal model. The insects were exposed for 35 consecutive days to either MeHg alone(0.05 mg/g feed) or in combination with luteolin at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/g feed. Locomotor behavior was assessed using video-tracking software during a 10-min trial in a novel arena and subsequently, biochemical analyses were carried out using the cockroaches’ heads. Luteolin supplementation dose-dependentlyreversed the MeHg-induced locomotor deficits and enhanced the exploratory profiles of MeHg-exposedcockroaches as confirmed by track and occupancy plot analyses. Luteolin reversed the MeHg-inducedacetylcholinesterase activity inhibition, decreased dichlorofluorescein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels, but increased total thiol level and catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the treated cockroaches. In conclusion, luteolin prevented oxidative stress indices and neurobehavioral deficits in a Nauphoeta cinerea model of MeHg toxicity.Item Neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in Nauphoeta cinerea following dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos(Elsevier Inc., 2016) Adedara, I. A.; Rosemberg, D. B.; Souza, D.; Farombi, E. O.; Aschner, M.; Souza, D. O.; Rocha, J. B. T.The present study aimed to increase our understanding about the mode of toxic action of organophosphate pesticides in insects by evaluating the biochemical and neurobehavioral characteristics in Nauphoeta cinerea exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF)-contaminated diet. The insects were exposed for 35 consecutive days to CPF at 0.078, 0.15625, 0.3125 and 0.625 μg/g feed. Locomotor behavior was assessed for a 10-min trial in a novel arena and subsequently, biochemical analyses were carried out using the cockroaches’ heads. In comparison to control, CPF-exposed cockroaches showed significant decreases in the total distance traveled, body rotation, turn angle and meandering, along with significant increase in the number of falls, time and episodes of immobility. The marked decrease in the exploratory profiles of CPF-exposed cockroaches was confirmed by track plots, whereas occupancy plot analyses showed a progressive dispersion at 0.15625 μg/g feed group. Moreover, the heads of CPF-exposed cockroaches showed marked decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant status with concomitant significant elevation in dichlorofluorescein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels in CPF-treated cockroaches. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analyses revealed bioaccumulation of CPF in cockroaches exposed to concentrations above 0.078 μg/g feed. The findings from this investigation showed N. cinerea as a value model organism for the risk assessment of environmental organophosphate contamination in insects.