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Author: search.filters.author.Rocha, J. B. T.Subject: search.filters.subject.Insects

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    Chronic ciprofloxacin and atrazine co-exposure aggravates locomotor and exploratory deficits in non-target detritivore speckled cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea)
    (Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2021) Adedara, I. A. || || || || || || ||; Godswill, U. S.; Mike. M. A.; Afolabi, B. A.; Amorha, C. C.; Sule, J.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.
    The global detection of ciprofloxacin and atrazine in soil is linked to intensive anthropogenic activities in agriculture and inadvertent discharge of industrial wastes to the environment. Nauphoeta cinerea is a terrestrial insect with cosmopolitan distribution and great environmental function. The current study probed the neurobehavioral and cellular responses of N. cinerea singly and jointly exposed to atrazine (1.0 and 0.5 μg g−1 feed) and ciprofloxacin (0.5 and 0.25 μg g−1 feed) for 63 days. Results demonstrated that the reductions in the body rotation, maximum speed, turn angle, path efficiency, distance traveled, episodes, and time of mobility induced by atrazine or ciprofloxacin per se was exacerbated in the co-exposure group. The altered exploratory and locomotor in insects singly and jointly exposed to ciprofloxacin and atrazine were verified by track plots and heat maps. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and anti-oxidative enzyme activities with concomitant elevation in the levels of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were significantly intensified in the midgut, hemolymph, and head of insects co-exposed to ciprofloxacin and atrazine. In conclusion, exposure to binary mixtures of ciprofloxacin and atrazine elicited greater locomotor and exploratory deficits than upon exposure to the individual compound by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and induction of oxido-inflammatory stress responses in the insects. N. cinerea may be a usable model insect for checking contaminants of ecological risks.
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    Toxicological outcome of exposure to psychoactive drugs carbamazepine and diazepam on non-target insect Nauphoeta cinerea
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Adedara, I. A.; Ajayi, B. O.; Afolabi, B. A.; Awogbindin, I. O.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.
    The continuous detection of human pharmaceuticals during environmental biomonitoring is a global concern because of thè menaces they may exert on non-target organisms. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and diazepam (DZP) are commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs which have been reported to coexist in thè environment globally. Nauphoeta cinerea is a common insect with high ecological impact. This study elucidated thè influence of co-exposure to DZP (0.5 and 1.0 pg kg-1 diet) and CBZ (1.5 and 3.0 pg kg~* diet) for 42 days on thè behavior and biochemical responses in Nauphoeta cinerea. Results showed that DZP alone did not induce adverse effect on thè behavior and antioxidant status in thè exposed insects. However, exposure to CBZ alone and binary mixtures of DZP and CBZ significantly decreased locomotor and exploratory accomplishments evidenced by decreased mobile episodes, total mobile time, maximum speed, total distance traveled, absolute turn angle, body rotation and path efficiency in comparison with control. The decline observed in thè exploratory activities of insects fed with CBZ alone and thè mixtures was confirmed by tracie plots and heat maps. Further, acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased significantly whereas reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly in thè hemolymph, head and midgut of insects exposed to CBZ alone and thè mixtures. Collectively, CBZ alone and binary mixtures of CBZ and DZP .
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    Hazardous impact of diclofenac exposure on thè behavior and antioxidant defense System in Nauphoeta cinerea
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Adedara, I. A.; Awogbindin, I. O.; Afolabi, B. A.; Ajayi, B. O.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.
    Environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac (DCF) is globally acknowledged to be a threat to thè ecosystems. Nauphoeta cinerea is an important insect with valuable ecological role. The present investigation aimed to elucidate thè impact of DCF on insects by assessing thè behavior and antioxidant defense response in nymphs ofN. cinerea exposed to DCF-contaminated food at 0,0.5,1.0 and 2.0 pg kg~* feed for 42 successive days. Subsequent to exposure period, neurobehavioral analysis using video-tracking software in a novel apparatus was performed before estimation of biochemical endpoints in thè head, midgut and hemolymph of thè insects. Results indicated that DCF-exposed insects exhibited marked reduction in thè maximum speed, total distance traveled, mobile episodes, total mobile time, body rotation, absolute turn angle and path efficiency, whereas thè total freezing time was increased compared with thè control. The diminution in thè exploratory activities of DCF-exposed insects was substantiated by heat maps and track plots. Additionally, DCF elicited marked diminution in antioxidant enzyme and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities along with increase in nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in thè head, midgut and hemolymph of thè insects. Taken together, DCF elicited neurotoxicity and oxido-inflammatory stress in exposed insects. N. cinerea may be a suitable model insect for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in non-target insect species.