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Author: search.filters.author.Sule, J.Subject: search.filters.subject.Oxido-inflammatory stress

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    Influence of Atrazine and Diclofenac Co-exposure on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Function in Rats
    (2021) Adedara I. A.|| || || || ||; Godswill U. S.; Amorha C. C.; Sule, J.; Mike M. A.; Farombi E.O.
    Humans and animals are commonly exposed to numerous chemicals through diverse sources causing unpredictable real-life health effects. This study evaluated the influence of joint exposure to the herbicide atrazine (ATZ) and the NSAID diclofenac (DCF) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function in pubertal rats. The animals were jointly exposed to ATZ (20 and 40 mg/kg body weight) and DCF (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight) for 42 days. In comparison with individual exposures, the current data illustrated that combined exposure to ATZ and DCF exacerbated the reductions in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), serum and intra-testicular testosterone levels with testosterone/LH ratio. Additionally, co- exposure to ATZ and DCF worsened the sperm quality and quantity with marked disruption in the testicular function marker enzymes activities. The diminution in the epididymal, testicular and hypothalamic antioxidant defense mechanisms was intensified in animals co-exposed to ATZ and DCF. Moreover, the induction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory stress and histopathological lesions in the epididymal, testicular and hypothalamic tissues was intensified in co-exposed animals. These data accentuate the possible male reproductive dysfunction related to ATZ and DCF co-exposure in mammals and, by extension, provide useful insights into the public health threats associated with combined exposure to pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
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    Chronic ciprofloxacin and atrazine co-exposure aggravates locomotor and exploratory deficits in non-target detritivore speckled cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea)
    (Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2021) Adedara, I. A. || || || || || || ||; Godswill, U. S.; Mike. M. A.; Afolabi, B. A.; Amorha, C. C.; Sule, J.; Rocha, J. B. T.; Farombi, E. O.
    The global detection of ciprofloxacin and atrazine in soil is linked to intensive anthropogenic activities in agriculture and inadvertent discharge of industrial wastes to the environment. Nauphoeta cinerea is a terrestrial insect with cosmopolitan distribution and great environmental function. The current study probed the neurobehavioral and cellular responses of N. cinerea singly and jointly exposed to atrazine (1.0 and 0.5 μg g−1 feed) and ciprofloxacin (0.5 and 0.25 μg g−1 feed) for 63 days. Results demonstrated that the reductions in the body rotation, maximum speed, turn angle, path efficiency, distance traveled, episodes, and time of mobility induced by atrazine or ciprofloxacin per se was exacerbated in the co-exposure group. The altered exploratory and locomotor in insects singly and jointly exposed to ciprofloxacin and atrazine were verified by track plots and heat maps. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and anti-oxidative enzyme activities with concomitant elevation in the levels of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were significantly intensified in the midgut, hemolymph, and head of insects co-exposed to ciprofloxacin and atrazine. In conclusion, exposure to binary mixtures of ciprofloxacin and atrazine elicited greater locomotor and exploratory deficits than upon exposure to the individual compound by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and induction of oxido-inflammatory stress responses in the insects. N. cinerea may be a usable model insect for checking contaminants of ecological risks.