scholarly works

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Author: search.filters.author.Showande S.J.Start date: 2020

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    Prevalence and clusters of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among intra-city commercial motor vehicle drivers in a Nigerian metropolitan city
    (2020) Showande S.J.; Odukoya O.I.
    Background: Commercial motor vehicle drivers (CMVDs) have worst health profiles among different occupations, yet the presence of clusters of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in this group have not been described in a resource-limited setting. Objectives: The prevalence of CVD risk factors and the clusters among CMVDs was evaluated. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: Four motor parks in three local government areas of Ibadan city, Nigeria. Participants: Consented and conveniently sampled 152 intra-city CMVDs aged ≥ 18 years. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, high triglyceride, low HDLc, high waist-hip ratio, central obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol, and overweight/obesity) and their clusters were determined. Results: All participants were male from 20 – 77 years old. Most of the CMVDs were physically inactive (80, 52.6%), take alcohol (78, 51.3%), and few smokes (35, 12.4%). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and central obesity were 36.2%, 5.9%, 23.7%, 4.6%, and 5.3%, respectively. Four clusters of CVD risk factors in the CMVDs with the prevalence of 36.2%. 33.5%, 17.1% and 13.2% were identified with significant differences (p<0.05) in the risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes, obesity, central obesity, and smoking was low while the prevalence of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia was moderate among the CMVDs, but the prevalence of alcohol intake and physical inactivity were high. Four distinct clusters of CVD risk factors were observed among the drivers.
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    Patient medication counselling in community pharmacy: evaluation of the quality and content
    (2022) Showande S.J.; Laniyan M.W.
    Background: Patient medication counseling (PMC) is a pharmaceutical care service targeted at optimizing patient drug use, safety and improving treatment outcomes. This study assessed the content and quality of PMC from the community pharmacists’ (CPs) and pharmacy customers’ (PCs) perspectives. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-guided survey was conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, among 125 CPs and 612 PCs. The 35-counselling items validated United States Pharmacopeia Medication Counseling Behavior Guideline scale with 10-point graded responses (1 = poor to 10 = excellent) was used. Self-reported medication counseling information content provided by CPs and received by PCs was assessed and expressed in median and interquartile ranges. The quality of PMC was evaluated and graded as poor (1–29.9%), unsatisfactory (30–59.9%), satisfactory (60–79.9%) and excellent (80–100%). Associations between demographic variables and overall quality of counseling were determined with Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at p < 0.05. Results: The response rate was 92.5% and 97.6% for PCs and CPs, respectively. The PCs’ opinions on the individual content of the PMC provided by the CPs were significantly different from the pharmacists’ self-report (p < 0.05). Some of the PMC content included how to take the medicine PC = 6.00 (2.00) vs CP = 8.00 (2.00), information on possible side effects PC = 6.00 (2.00) vs CP = 8.00 (2.00), taking history of allergies and other medications PC = 6.00 (6.00) vs CP = 7.00 (1.00), and how to incorporate drug regimen into daily routine PC = 5.00 (6.00) vs CP = 8.00 (3.00). The quality of PMC purportedly provided by CPs and received by the PCs was satisfactory (75%) and unsatisfactory (55%), respectively. The quality of communication counseling offered by CPs trained in Nigeria (Mean rank = 62.49) was higher than those trained outside Nigeria (Mean rank = 26.40), U = 228.00, p = 0.024. The PC’s age, marital status, and highest educational qualification were significantly associated with their opinion on the quality of counseling received. Conclusions: Both the community pharmacists and pharmacy customers reported the provision of patient medication counseling on side effects, drug usage, medication history and allergies among others. However, the quality of counseling provided by the pharmacists was satisfactory, but the quality of counseling received by the pharmacy customers was unsatisfactory. Pharmacists may need to engage pharmacy customers more during medication counseling
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    Drug therapy-related problem management
    (2022) Showande S.J.; Lawal S.D.
    Background: Unresolved drug therapy-related problems (DTRPs) have economic and clinical consequences and are common causes of patients’ morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the ability of community pharmacists to identify and resolve DTRPs and assessed the perceived barriers to DTRP identification and resolution. Methods: A cross-sectional study which employed the use of three simulated patients (SPs) visit to 36 selected community pharmacies in 11 local government areas in Ibadan, Nigeria. The SPs played the role of a patient with prescription for multiple ailments (23-year-old male), type 2 diabetes and hypertensive patient with medication packs (45-year-old male) and hypertensive patient with gastric ulcer with a prescription (37-year-old female). They reenacted three rehearsed vignettes when they spoke with the pharmacists. A five-member panel of experts predetermined the DTRPs present in the vignettes (n = 11), actions to take to investigate the DTRPs (n = 9) and recommendations to resolve the DTRPs (n = 9). Pharmacists’ perceived barriers to the identification and resolution of DTRPs were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. The percentage ability to detect and resolve DTRPs was determined and classified as poor ability (≤30%), fair ability (> 30 - ≤50%), moderate ability (> 50 - ≤70%) and high ability (> 70%). Results: One hundred and eight visits were made by the three SPs to the pharmacies. In total, 4.42/11 (40.2%) DTRPs were identified, 3.50/9 (38.9%) actions were taken, and 3.94/9 (43.8%) recommendations were made to resolve the identified DTRPs. The percentage ability of the community pharmacists to detect and resolve DTRPs varied slightly from one vignette to another (vignette 1–49.3%, vignette 2–39.1%, vignette 3–38.8%). But overall, it was fair (40.9%). Pharmacists’ perceived barriers to DTRP detection and resolution included lack of access to patient’s/client’s medical history and lack of software for DTRP detection. Conclusions: The community pharmacists displayed fair ability in detecting and resolving DTRPs. Several barriers preventing the optimal performance of pharmacist in DTRP identification and resolution were identified including inaccessibility of patient’s/client’s medical history. The regulatory authority of pharmacy education and practice in Nigeria need to mount Continuing Education Program to address this deficit among community pharmacists.