Scholarly works

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/406

Browse

Filters

2011 - 201825

Settings

Start date: 2010Has files: Yes

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 25
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Application of waste cashew nut shell ash showed significant reduction in mobility of Pb and Cd in waste battery contaminated soil
    (2011) Ogundiran, M.B; Babayemi, J.O.; Nzeribe, C.G.
    Increases in ore mining, metal smelting activities, and several other industrial practices in recent times have brought about contamination of soils at higher levels; these have prompted concerns on the consequent effects on the local and global ecosystem. Various remediation technologies have often been sought to meet the challenges. This study therefore seeks to assess the potential of cashew nut shell (CNS) ash for immobilizing Cd and Pb in battery contaminated soil. The ash samples used for the study were obtained from a waste cashew nut shell burning site, Olowopokun, Iseyin L.G.A of Oyo State, Nigeria. Some soil samples and sediments from a nearby stream at this site were taken. Soil samples were also taken from battery-contaminated dumpsites at Ile-Igbon, Lalupon, Oke-Omi, and Ikumapayi, in Lagelu L.G.A of Oyo State. One gram each of ground soil samples, ash and sediment were analyzed for heavy metals contents. Ash generated from waste cashew nut shell from cashew nut processing company dumpsite were mixed with contaminated soil samples from the lead battery dumpsite at ratios 10:1.5 and 10:3.0. The amended and un-amended soil samples were subjected to TCLP in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1311. Cd gave 97% efficiency in the reduction of its mobility in the amended soil while Pb gave 80% efficiency. Increase in the quantity of CNS ash used for amendment from ratio 10:1 to 10:2 caused a rise in the pH of the soil, this translated to further reduction of the leached Pb and Cd from the soil. The assessment of the mobility of Pb and Cd in the soil as induced by the addition of CNS ash showed that there was reduction in the mobility of Pb and Cd from the contaminated soil samples as assessed by TCLP procedure. The use of the CNS ash in stabilizing the contaminated soil served as an effective waste disposal method for waste CNS as well as source for remediation of contaminated soil. Waste CNS ash could be a great source for in-situ remediation of contaminated soil.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Determination of metal content and an assessment of potential use of waste cashew nut ash (CNAS) as a source for potash production.
    (2011) Ogundiran, M.B; ||Babayemi, J.O; Nzeribe, C.G C.G
    The potential use of waste cashew nut shell (CNS) ash as a source for potash production was investigated in this study. Managing waste ash generated from cashew nut processing is a major challenge, as land filling and open dumping of the waste ashes have been the main options in management of the ash in Nigeria. Economically viable ways of using waste ash rather than having to dispose of it have to be investigated. The CNS was air-dried for 4 weeks and combusted to ashes; the resulting ash was extracted with water for its potash content. Some parameters of the CNS, including moisture, dry matter, and ash content, were determined. Potash yield obtained was 33.4% of 150 g CNS ash used; analysis of the potash gave it a percentage purity of 78%, while purity on recrystalization increased to 86%. Potash yield from CNS ash was comparable to those reported for wood ash, plantain peels, and other agro-wastes. Also, the results showed that the CNS shared similar lignocellulosic properties and characteristics with hardwood biomass
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A process for production of nano-PbO from spent automobile lead-acid battery
    (2017) Ogundiran, M.B; Ogundele, T.D.|| Jha, M.K; Jha, M.K M.K
    The present invention provides an improved process for synthesis of lead organic compound from spent automobile lead-acid battery as precursor for production of nano-PbO. In the method, a survey of lead-acid battery types in South-Western Nigeria is made and spent lead- acid batteries are collected. The batteries are dismantled and the paste therefrom, which contains PbSO4, Pb3O2SO4, PbO2, PbO and Pb is separated. The paste is slurred to test acidity, is screened to a particular particle size, and its lead components are simultaneously desulphurised, leached, reduced and precipitated as lead organic compound. The desulphurising and leaching solutions are first mixed, then the paste is added, and then the reducing agent. The precipitated lead precursor is subjected to calcination process to yield purified nano-structured lead (II) oxide (nano-PbO), which can be used to produce new automobile battery.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Medical Waste Management Practices in Nigeria, the Case of Lagos and Ibadan
    (2011) Ogundiran, M.B; Oketola, A.A; Adefolu, O.R.; Mojeed, O.A.; Itiveh, S.E
    Most developing countries are facing serious challenges on medical waste (MW) management. The current management practices of medical waste in Nigeria was studied using Lagos and Ibadan, an emerging mega city and the largest city in West Africa as case study. Sources of data were through questionnaire administration, waste sorting and characterization as well as sampling and analysis. The study revealed that there is no proper segregation of MW in most health care facilities studied. Over 75% of the MW handlers in Lagos and 98% in Ibadan are unaware of any policy and legislation regarding the management of MW. About 60% and 99%, respectively had no form of training in MW management and as such, are greatly exposed to different health risk. Furthermore, the States Waste Management Authority has no separate and appropriate dumpsites and landfills for disposal. The current system of MW management in Nigeria is in dire need of immediate attention and improvement. It is essential to develop a national policy on MW management and implementation of the existing ones to provide environmentally sound management measures to improve MW management in the country.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Assessment and remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils
    (Depet Publishers, 2016) Ogundiran, M.B; Osibanjo, O.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Global management of electronic wastes: challenges facing developing and economy‐in‐transition countrie
    (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016) Ogundiran, M.B; Osibanjo, O; Nnorom, I.C; Adie, G. U; Adey, A.A
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND AMENABILITY TO BENCH SCALE TREATMENTS OF SOME INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS AND SEDIMENTS IN LAGOS METROPOLIS
    (2014-06) ONWORDI, CHIONYEDUA THERESA,
    Untreated industrial effluents discharged into land and surface water are of great environmental concern. Previous studies on physicochemical characteristics of effluents and sediments from discharged points of various industrial sectors in Lagos metropolis are inadequate in scope, duration, chemical treatment options and estimated pollutant discharge load which are of importance in waste water management. This study was designed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of effluents and sediments from industrial estates in Lagos metropolis, to estimate pollutant loads and determine appropriate chemical treatment options. Effluents (75) and sediments (72) were sampled once in two months from the discharge points of textile, pharmaceutical, food and beverages, basic metals and paint industries from November 2006 to May 2008. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)] and heavy metals were determined in the effluents according to APHA methods and compared with National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) limits. Organic carbon, pH and heavy metals were also analysed in the sediments. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was used to estimate organic load and eutrophication potential. Industrial effluent with the highest level of pollutant load was subjected to bench scale treatments using ferrous chloride, ferrous sulphate, Fenton’s reagent, alum, and activated carbon separately. Efficiency of treatment was ascertained by determination of TDS and COD. The Pearson correlation at p = 0.05 was used to establish the significance between the levels of metals in the effluents and sediments.. Physicochemical characteristics (mg/L) of effluents from textile and pharmaceutical industries were 1160±890 and 630±260 for TDS, 316±280 and 230±97 for alkalinity, 60±32.and 53±44.for total hardness, 156±73 and 34±36 for sulphate, 1.0±0.3 and 0.7±0.6 for phosphate, 60.0±40.0 and 75±45 for nitrate, 65±19 and 61±40 for chloride, 1.8±1.7 and 1.3±1.2 for DO, 209±72 and 150±96 for BOD, 343±130 and 245±140 for COD, 0.7±0.3 and 0.5±0.2 for Zn, 1.5±1.0 and 0.3±1.1 for Cu, 2.5±0.3, 0.03±0.03 for Cr and corresponding pH was 10.6±1.1 and 5.5±1.2 respectively. Effluents from foods and beverages, basic metal and paint industries had lower levels of TDS, alkalinity, phosphate, and chloride. Nitrate, DO, BOD, and COD levels exceeded NESREA limits for all effluents. The pH and organic carbon UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY iv ranged from 4.2-7.5 and 0.2-4.5% respectively for the sediments with the levels (μg/g) of Zn, Cr and Cu ranged from 196-3270, 7-49 and 21-244 respectively. Metal levels in sediments were higher than in effluent. Significant correlations were observed for Zn (0.64) and Cr (0.75) between effluents and sediments. The linear regression coefficients for organic load and eutrophication modelling ranged from 0.638-0.999 and 0.301-0.999 respectively. Efficiency of treatment options for COD reduction was in the order: Fenton’s reagent (90%) > ferrous chloride (87%) > ferrous sulphate (66%) > alum (61%) > activated carbon (47%) while significant TDS reduction was not achieved. Industrial effluents and related sediments in Lagos metropolis were highly polluted. Applications of Fenton’s reagent and ferrous chloride were the appropriate chemical treatment options for organic pollutants in textile effluent. Keywords: Industrial effluent and sediment, Heavy metal pollution, Lagos metropolis, Pollutant discharge load. . Word count: 496